Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

14,272 decisions and counting · Latest decision August 26, 2026
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ALJ

Amax Potash Corporation

Ground-control order affirmed with a $700 penalty

MSHA cited Amax Potash after inspectors found loose and unsupported roof in several areas of the company's underground potash mine. Judge Michael A. Lasher, Jr. found that the conditions created a hazard, were significant and substantial, and constituted an imminent danger because miners could be…

March 24, 1989 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

General Dynamics Land Systems Division, Inc.

Freon confined-space case remanded for fact-finding

General Dynamics employees entered confined spaces where trichlorotrifluoroethane, known as freon, could cause poisoning or asphyxiation. An earlier decision vacated the general duty clause citation because an exposure-limit standard addressed the chemical. The D.C. Circuit held that the standard…

March 24, 1989 ·OSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Sanger Rock & Sand

Seven mine-safety violations affirmed

Sanger Rock & Sand operated a sand and gravel mine in California. Judge August F. Cetti rejected the operator's argument that the mine was outside federal jurisdiction and found that the Mine Act applied because the operation affected interstate commerce. He affirmed seven citations involving…

March 22, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Western Fuels-Utah, Inc.

): State-certified mine foreman exempt from Part 48 task training

Western Fuels-Utah operated the Deserado underground coal mine in Colorado. MSHA alleged that the company violated the Mine Act and 30 C.F.R. § 48.7 by allowing section foreman Carson Julius to operate a roof-bolting machine without task training. During the investigation, MSHA also identified a…

March 22, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Old Ben Coal Company

Citation and withdrawal order vacated

The Secretary of Labor sought a civil penalty against Old Ben Coal Company and the operator separately challenged the underlying citation and withdrawal order. The cases involved Mine No. 25 and were consolidated for hearing. After testimony and documentary evidence, the parties proposed a…

March 22, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Lee Roy Westbrook Construction Company, Inc.

Shaft-opening citation affirmed with a $50 penalty

Westbrook employees pulled lumber through openings in an elevator shaft while exposed to a 13-foot fall onto a debris-covered concrete floor. The general contractor was contractually responsible for safety facilities, but Westbrook's employees had the carpentry skills and materials needed to cover…

March 22, 1989 ·OSHRC
Modified
COMM

Lee Roy Westbrook Construction Company

Floor-opening citation affirmed with a reduced penalty

Westbrook was a concrete-framing subcontractor whose employees used a ladder beside an uncovered elevator shaft opening. A fall through the opening would have been about 40 feet. Westbrook argued that the general contractor was contractually responsible for covering the opening, but the Commission…

March 22, 1989 ·OSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Wilmot Mining Company

Remand penalty reduced to $200

The Sixth Circuit reversed an earlier $2,000 penalty against Wilmot Mining Company for a violation involving a roof-bolting machine, or ROPS, and sent the penalty issue back for reconsideration. The Commission then remanded the matter to Judge William Fauver. Because the court had rejected findings…

March 21, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Phelps Dodge Corporation

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Randy G. Davis filed a discrimination complaint against Phelps Dodge Corporation in October 1988. He later told the judge by telephone that he wanted to drop the case but did not provide the written confirmation the judge requested. After a February 1989 order to show cause, served by certified…

March 20, 1989 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Skelton Incorporated

Late production report citation affirmed

MSHA cited Skelton Incorporated after the operator filed a required quarterly production report late for its El Jay Mine in Colorado. The operator did not appear at the hearing. Judge Michael A. Lasher, Jr. found that 30 C.F.R. § 50.30 required the report within 15 days after the end of the…

March 20, 1989 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Cyprus Empire Corporation

Roof-condition contests dismissed and penalty assessed

MSHA found loose and broken roof in the tailgate entry of Cyprus Empire Corporation's Eagle No. 5 underground coal mine and issued an imminent-danger order and a citation. Judge John J. Morris found that the roof condition could cause serious injury or death, but the area had been dangered off and…

March 20, 1989 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Big Elk Creek Coal Company

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Arnold Sharp claimed that Big Elk Creek Coal Company harassed or retaliated against him after mine inspectors cited the operation and after he missed work for a consumer complaint hearing. Judge George A. Koutras found that the foreman's request for proof of Sharp's absence was legitimate and that…

March 20, 1989 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Reynolds Metal Company Incorporated

Temporary reinstatement ordered

The Secretary of Labor applied for temporary reinstatement of Willie C. Jones on his discrimination complaint against Reynolds Metal Company Incorporated. Under Commission Rule 44, Judge Gary Melick reviewed the application after the request for hearing was withdrawn. He found that the miner's…

March 20, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Sterling Energy Inc.

Discrimination case dismissed after settlement

The Secretary of Labor, on behalf of miner Ronald D. Elliott, brought this discrimination proceeding against Sterling Energy Inc. The case concerned the No. 5 Mine and docket KENT 88-194-D. At a March 15, 1989 hearing, the parties agreed to a settlement, and Elliott approved its complete terms…

March 17, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

New World Mining Company

Discrimination case dismissed with prejudice

Tommy Meade brought a discrimination proceeding against New World Mining Company concerning the No. 1 Strip Mine. The judge ordered Meade to show cause why the case should not be dismissed for failure to comply with the prehearing order. Meade did not respond, and his attorney's office advised that…

March 16, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

O C & W Coal Company

Compensation case dismissed after missed hearings

Kenneth A. McCool brought a compensation case for himself and others against O C & W Coal Company concerning the No. 6 Mine. The first hearing was continued after McCool said he was working in Texas, and the case was later reset in Tulsa, Oklahoma. McCool failed to appear at the second hearing and…

March 16, 1989 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Peabody Coal Company

Discrimination complaint withdrawn

Mike E. Ammerman filed a discrimination complaint against Peabody Coal Company concerning Camp No. 2 Mine. He later sent a statement asking to withdraw the complaint so the matter could be settled. Judge Avram Weisberger dismissed the complaint based on that request.

March 15, 1989 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Moltan Company

Mixed ruling on plant-safety citations

MSHA cited Moltan Company for several conditions at its clay processing plant, including unguarded machinery, a cluttered walkway, an electrical cabinet latch, unattended gas cylinders, missing handrails, and unguarded pump couplings. Judge Roy J. Maurer vacated the citation for the unguarded…

March 14, 1989 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Super Block Coal Corporation

Operator ordered to explain missed hearing

Super Block Coal Corporation was scheduled for a civil-penalty hearing in Evansville, Indiana, concerning the Hunley Creek mine. The company's representative, Larry Wallace, did not appear, and the mine superintendent later said he could not attend because no one was available to supervise the…

March 14, 1989 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Brand Scaffold Services, Inc.

Late notice of contest dismissed

OSHA's citation was received by Brand Scaffold Services on June 6, 1988, but the company did not submit its notice of contest until late September. The judge dismissed the contest because it was not filed within the statutory 15-working-day period and affirmed the serious citation. Brand later…

March 13, 1989 ·OSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Gateway Coal Company

Roof-control order affirmed with $1,000 penalty

MSHA issued Gateway Coal Company a withdrawal order after finding that the operator had not installed supplemental roof supports required by its approved roof control plan. The intersection exceeded the plan's 60-foot diagonal limit, a clay seam was present, the roof was drummy, and the mine had…

March 10, 1989 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Southern Hills Mining

Discrimination case dismissed after no response

Gary Smith filed a discrimination complaint against Southern Hills Mining concerning Mine No. 2. The judge later ordered Smith to provide information about the complaint or explain why he had not done so. The order was delivered by certified mail, but Smith did not respond. Chief Administrative Law…

March 10, 1989 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Burlington Northern Railroad Company

Fatal trench case remanded for the railroad agency's views

A trench beside Burlington Northern's tracks collapsed while employees installed a sewer line, killing one employee. The judge affirmed several serious trenching items, but Burlington Northern argued that Federal Railroad Administration regulation displaced OSHA's authority. The Commission found…

March 10, 1989 ·OSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Salem-Gravure, Division of World Color Press, Inc.

Trade-secret discovery dispute remanded

The Secretary sought to have a private expert inspect Salem-Gravure's plant during discovery. The Commission initially refused because of trade-secret concerns, and the citation was later dismissed when the Secretary declined to seek a federal court order. The D.C. Circuit set aside the dismissal…

March 9, 1989 ·OSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Corporation

Coal-accumulation violations partly sustained

MSHA alleged that Mettiki Coal allowed coal and coal dust to accumulate around conveyor equipment, on a long catwalk, and along another conveyor. Judge Avram Weisberger found that dry coal dust around the equipment violated 30 C.F.R. § 75.400 and resulted from unwarrantable failure, with a $1,000…

March 6, 1989 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Western Key Enterprises

Three ground-control violations affirmed

MSHA cited Western Key Enterprises after a fatal ground-fall accident at the Small Fry uranium mine. The remaining violations involved failures to examine or support loose ground under the mine's ground-control requirements. Western Key admitted those violations and their…

March 6, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Water-spray order partly sustained

MSHA alleged that Consolidation Coal's Osage No. 3 Mine lacked an operable water spray at a belt-to-belt transfer point and had a damaged high-voltage cable. Judge Gary Melick found that the water-spray requirement was violated and resulted from unwarrantable failure because a similar condition had…

March 3, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Mid-Continent Resources, Inc.

Portions of transcript sealed

The cases involved civil-penalty proceedings against Mid-Continent Resources at the Dutch Creek No. 1 Mine. Some evidence had been heard in camera because it concerned sensitive, proprietary, and confidential business information. Judge John J. Morris dissolved the broader restriction on the…

March 3, 1989 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Amax Coal Company

Discrimination complaint granted

Donald F. Denu refused to disconnect a high-voltage cable at a switch box because he believed the cable might still be energized and the procedure lacked a reliable lockout. Supervisors told him he could be disciplined for insubordination and that his actions could lead to discharge, although no…

March 3, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

Black Streak Mining

Respondent ordered to answer discrimination complaint

John Dixon Hacker filed a discrimination complaint against Black Streak Mining after an injury and the end of his employment. He alleged that he had reported mine conditions to an MSHA inspector and was later told that he no longer had a job. MSHA declined to bring a discrimination case, so Hacker…

March 3, 1989 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Cleveland Marble Mosaic Company

Default penalty corrected to $1,260

OSHA issued three serious items and one nonserious item, initially proposing $1,800 in penalties. The Secretary later withdrew one serious item and its $540 penalty. Cleveland Marble did not answer the complaint or oppose the Secretary's default motion, and the judge mistakenly affirmed all items…

March 2, 1989 ·OSHRC
Modified
COMM

Westmoreland Coal Company

Penalty-payment dispute remanded

Westmoreland Coal paid an $85 civil penalty after an ALJ approved a settlement and dismissed the case. The company later said the payment was a mistake and asked that the dismissal be reopened so it could contest the violation. The Commission treated the company's letters as a petition for…

March 1, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Paula Price v. Monterey Coal Company

Discrimination complaint remanded after jurisdiction ruling changed

Paula Price filed a private Mine Act discrimination complaint against Monterey Coal Company before the Secretary had determined whether a violation occurred. The ALJ dismissed the complaint for lack of jurisdiction, relying on a Commission decision that required a prior Secretarial determination…

February 28, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

B & M Trucking

Discrimination complaint dismissed after show-cause failure

Judge Gary Melick had ordered Kenneth Howard to provide proof that he served his discrimination complaint on B & M Trucking within 30 days. The order warned that failure to respond could lead to dismissal. Howard did not respond to the show-cause order. The judge therefore dismissed the complaint…

February 27, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Stroudsburg Dyeing & Finishing Company

Late failure-to-abate contest dismissed

Stroudsburg received a failure-to-abate notice on May 31, 1988, but did not mail its contest until July 28, after the 15-working-day deadline. The company said an employee who was not authorized to handle OSHA matters received the notice and delayed forwarding it. The Commission found that OSHA…

February 27, 1989 ·OSHRC
Procedural
COMM

North Berry Concrete Corporation

Rebar impalement citation reinstated

North Berry employees passed within one or two feet of a floor opening while traveling to work areas in a 68-story building. Unprotected reinforcing bars rose from the floor below, creating an impalement hazard if an employee fell through the opening. The judge vacated the item because the…

February 27, 1989 ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

McFarland & Hullinger

Settlement approved after fatal dump-truck accident

McFarland & Hullinger faced three violations at the Kennecott Carr Fork operation. One remaining citation involved a dump truck left on a grade without its wheels blocked or turned into a bank or rib. The truck rolled, and driver Melvin Steward was fatally injured while trying to climb aboard…

February 22, 1989 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Bill Branch Coal Company, Inc.

Discrimination proceedings stayed during bankruptcy

The ALJ had already found that Bill Branch Coal Company violated section 105(c) of the Mine Act in cases brought for Donald J. Robinette and Joey F. Hale. The complainants were then directed to identify the relief they sought. Bill Branch filed for bankruptcy reorganization, triggering an asserted…

February 22, 1989 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

FMC Wyoming Corporation

Penalty-payment dismissal denied after mistake shown

FMC Wyoming contested a citation at the FMC Trona Mine and later paid a combined assessment covering that citation and three others. The Secretary moved to dismiss the contest based on the payment. FMC responded that the payment for the disputed citation was made by mistake and supported that…

February 17, 1989 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Dingess Mine Service, Winchester Coals, Inc., Mullins Coal Company, Joe Dingess and Johnny Dingess

Attorney fees awarded on remand

The Commission had reversed part of an earlier ruling involving Wilfred Bryant's discrimination case and remanded the matter for a new attorney-fee calculation. Judge James A. Broderick approved hourly rates and reduced the requested fees by 15 percent to reflect limited success, including the…

February 16, 1989 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Thunder Basin Coal Company

Discrimination complaint dismissed after layoff review

Thunder Basin Coal Company laid off about 140 employees during a reduction in force, including electrician Robert Buelke. Buelke argued that the company selected him because he had raised safety concerns about an underground high-voltage feeder cable and had complained to MSHA. Judge August F…

February 16, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Rivco Dredging Corporation

Abatement orders affirmed

Rivco Dredging contested two section 104(b) orders issued after it failed to abate conditions involving access to shaker-screen equipment and wiring for a fresh-water pump. The ALJ found that both conditions were eventually corrected, but not within the six-day abatement periods set by the…

February 16, 1989 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

El Paso Sand Products, Inc.

Civil penalty settlement approved

El Paso Sand Products and the Secretary jointly asked the ALJ to approve a settlement of a civil penalty. The originally assessed penalty was $345, and the parties proposed a payment of $258.75. Judge George A. Koutras found the settlement reasonable and in the public interest. He approved it and…

February 13, 1989 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Secretary of Labor on behalf of Bryan Pack v. Maynard Branch Dredging Company and Roger Kirk

Discrimination dismissal affirmed

Bryan Pack reported improperly stored dynamite and detonators at a coal dredging and preparation facility to MSHA inspectors. The operator then discharged him. The ALJ found that Pack engaged in protected activity and that the discharge was partly motivated by that activity, but also found that the…

February 10, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Peabody Coal Company

$50 penalty imposed for training outside normal working hours

Peabody Coal required two second-shift miners at the Camp No. 2 Mine to attend annual refresher training during first-shift hours. The operator argued that frequent voluntary shift changes made cross-shifting a common practice. Judge Gary Melick found that the evidence showed only two involuntary…

February 9, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Twin Oak Construction Company

Default decision with $1,600 in penalties

Twin Oak Construction did not attend the hearing on six civil penalty citations. Judge William Fauver treated the Secretary's allegations as true by default and considered the company's persistent failure to pay earlier penalties as part of its compliance history. He assessed $250 each for four…

February 9, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

El Paso Sand Products, Inc.

Settlement proposals rejected or deferred

El Paso Sand Products proposed to settle six civil penalty proceedings involving 23 alleged violations for $6,626.25, compared with initial assessments totaling $8,835. The ALJ found that the parties' boilerplate descriptions of low negligence and low exposure conflicted with the inspection…

February 9, 1989 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Lincoln Sand and Gravel Company

Citations and $168 penalty affirmed after hearing absence

Lincoln Sand and Gravel did not appear at a scheduled hearing after the ALJ granted its request for a hearing and moved the start time later on the same day. The Secretary presented evidence on three citations, and the ALJ affirmed each citation and assessed a total of $168. The Commission rejected…

February 8, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Freeman United Coal Mining Company

Ventilation violation vacated after inspector interference

Freeman United was cited after an inspector measured only 1,662 cubic feet per minute of air at the end of a line curtain, below the 5,000 cfm level in the mine's approved ventilation plan. The low reading followed a tear in the curtain, and a miner had immediately begun rehanging it. The inspector…

February 8, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

KTK Mining and Construction

Late-receipt dismissal denied

The Secretary moved to dismiss KTK Mining and Construction's contest as untimely because the Secretary's office received the notice after the 30-day period. KTK had mailed the notice by certified mail within that period. Judge Gary Melick applied Commission precedent holding that mailing the notice…

February 8, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Developers International Service Corporation

Proposed settlement denied and hearing ordered

MSHA proposed a $4,000 penalty for a significant and substantial regulatory violation allegedly causing a miner's electrocution. The Secretary and Developers International sought approval of a settlement reducing the penalty to $3,000, but the motion supplied no factual basis for evaluating the…

February 8, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Stoney Coal Company

Ventilation order modified and $1,150 assessed

MSHA alleged that Stoney Coal used return air instead of a separate intake-air split while developing a mine entry and also cited a separate preshift-examination violation that the operator did not contest. Judge George A. Koutras vacated the unwarrantable-failure finding, modified the contested…

February 6, 1989 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

Emery Mining Corporation

Interlocutory proceeding dismissed

The Commission had granted the Secretary's petition for interlocutory review in a consolidated civil penalty and review proceeding. It had sent the matter back to the administrative law judge to determine whether an earlier order could be certified as final under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure…

February 6, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Jim Walter Resources, Inc.

Self-rescuer training citation vacated

MSHA cited Jim Walter Resources after interviews suggested that five miners did not know how to put on self-contained self-rescuers. The judge found that 30 C.F.R. § 75.1714(c)(2) required hands-on training, not the inspector's extra requirement that every interviewed miner demonstrate perfect…

February 6, 1989 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
COMM

Bruno v. Cyprus Plateau Mining Corporation

Reconsideration denied

Ernie L. Bruno asked the Commission to reopen a final discrimination case after the ALJ dismissed his complaint as untimely and found that Cyprus Plateau would have fired him for fighting even apart from any protected activity. The Commission treated his submission as a motion for relief from a…

February 3, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Missouri Rock, Inc.

Scraper brake citations affirmed

MSHA cited Missouri Rock after inspectors found that the wheel brakes on three tractor-scrapers could not stop the equipment, even though the scraper bowls could be dropped to the ground. The Commission held that the cited standard required adequate wheel or service brakes and that the alternative…

February 3, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Discrimination proceeding dismissed after withdrawal

Charles F. Rose withdrew his discrimination complaint against Consolidation Coal Company concerning activities at the Pursglove No. 15 Mine. His counsel filed notice of the withdrawal, followed by a signed statement from Rose confirming that he wished to terminate the proceeding. Judge Avram…

February 2, 1989 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Birchfield Mining Incorporated

Pre-shift examination penalty reduced to $300

Birchfield Mining Incorporated was cited for failing to complete and record a required pre-shift examination at No. 1 Mine. Judge Gary Melick had previously assessed a $400 civil penalty for the serious violation. On remand, the Commission's finding that the violation was not significant and…

February 2, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

W. K. Enterprise

Citation affirmed after penalty settlement

MSHA alleged that unsupported, loose, and unconsolidated material was present beside the Rattlesnake Mine portal, violating 30 C.F.R. § 57.3200. At hearing, the Secretary reduced the proposed penalty from $800 to $400, and W. K. Enterprise withdrew its contest to the citation and amended penalty…

February 2, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Secretary of Labor o/b/o Gabossi v. Western Fuels-Utah, Inc.

Settlement approved and case dismissed

The Commission had previously found that Joseph Gabossi was discriminatorily discharged and had ordered Western Fuels-Utah to pay $39,560.06 in back pay and other expenses with interest. After further review proceedings, the parties submitted a signed settlement agreement and asked the Commission…

February 2, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Settled

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.