Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

14,272 decisions and counting · Latest decision August 26, 2026
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COMM

Asbestos Abatement Consultation & Engineering

Remaining asbestos-monitoring items withdrawn

An asbestos-monitoring consultant was cited for three alleged failures to follow mandatory sampling and analysis procedures, with $8,000 initially proposed. The judge vacated the pump-calibration sub-item because the appendix did not give fair notice that a primary calibration device was required…

February 2, 1989 ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Monument Mining Corporation and Island Creek Coal Company

Compensation case dismissed after agreement

United Mine Workers of America Local Union 5817 brought a compensation proceeding against Monument Mining Corporation and Island Creek Coal Company. After a court and Commission remand, the parties agreed that no liability issue remained and resolved the compensation, interest, and litigation-cost…

February 1, 1989 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Pittston Coal Group/Clinchfield Coal Company

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Lindia Sue Frye worked as a mechanic for Pittston Coal Group/Clinchfield Coal Company. She claimed that the company discharged her because she objected to safety meetings held near the men's bathroom and because she refused to work after experiencing dizziness. Judge Avram Weisberger found that her…

February 1, 1989 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Amber Coal Company

Default order vacated and case remanded

MSHA cited Amber Coal Company after a fatal roof fall accident at its No. 7 mine and proposed an $8,500 penalty for an alleged roof-control violation. Amber did not answer the complaint, so an ALJ entered a default order. Amber later sent a response to the Department of Labor instead of the…

February 1, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Birchfield Mining Company

Pre-shift citation modified and penalty remanded

MSHA cited Birchfield Mining Company after miners entered the No. 1 underground coal mine before the required pre-shift examination had been completed and recorded. The ALJ found a violation that was significant and substantial, resulted from unwarrantable failure, and warranted a $400 penalty. The…

January 27, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Emery Mining Corporation and/or Utah Power & Light Company, Docket No.

Emery Mining Corporation and/or Utah Power & Light Company (FMSHRC WEST 87-130-R): Finality certified in consolidated proceedings

This order addressed consolidated contest and civil penalty proceedings involving Emery Mining Corporation and Utah Power & Light Company at the Wilberg Mine. The Secretary asked the Commission to review an earlier order that removed Utah Power & Light from 30 modified citations and orders. The…

January 27, 1989 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Emery Mining Corporation and/or Utah Power & Light Company

Consolidated matters returned to the Docket Office

This order addressed a group of contest and civil penalty proceedings involving Emery Mining Corporation and Utah Power & Light Company at the Wilberg Mine. After a Commission remand, the judge entered final judgment for Utah Power & Light in the listed cases. The parties agreed that Emery either…

January 27, 1989 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Bowling Mountain Mining Corporation

Fatal roof fall violations settled for $7,000

MSHA cited Bowling Mountain Mining Corporation for five violations after a roof fall at Mine No. 2 killed acting foreman Truman Faulkner. The violations concerned roof support, a required preshift examination, miner training, and reporting the fatal accident. The judge approved a settlement…

January 27, 1989 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Roy Kay, Inc.

Need for more investigation does not extend contest deadline

Roy Kay missed the 15-working-day deadline while trying to contact employees and investigate OSHA's allegations during the summer vacation season. The company also said it had never been cited before and had no legal department, so it did not appreciate the deadline's significance. The citation and…

January 27, 1989 ·OSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Louisiana-Pacific Corporation

Management transition does not excuse late contest

Louisiana-Pacific received OSHA citations on June 13, 1986, but did not file a notice of contest until August 29. The company said the citations were overlooked during a management transition and the incoming manager did not learn of them until OSHA requested payment. The Commission held that it…

January 27, 1989 ·OSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Westwood Energy Properties

MSHA jurisdiction and contested violations affirmed

Westwood Energy Properties operated a culm bank and processed refuse from a former anthracite coal mine into fuel for electrical power generation. The judge held that the facility was a mine and that its work preparing coal brought it within MSHA jurisdiction, even though Westwood did not extract…

January 26, 1989 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Tunnelton Mining Company

Weekly air-course examination violation modified

MSHA cited Tunnelton Mining Company for failing to examine and record examinations of portions of a return aircourse at the Marion Mine. The judge found that the violation of the weekly examination standard was proven because safe areas and travelways to bleeder examination points were not being…

January 25, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Southern Ohio Coal Company

Discrimination complaint withdrawn and dismissed

Phyllis A. Palmieri did not appear for a scheduled hearing in her discrimination proceeding against Southern Ohio Coal Company. The judge issued an order to show cause after her absence. Palmieri then asked for permission to withdraw the complaint. The judge granted the request under 29 C.F.R. §…

January 23, 1989 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Mathies Coal Company

Accident reporting and coal-dust violations affirmed

Mathies Coal Company was cited after a miner injured his knee at the Mathies Mine and the operator did not report the injury on the required MSHA form within ten working days. The judge credited the miner's account and found that the injury occurred at the mine and required reportable medical…

January 19, 1989 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Lehigh Portland Cement Company

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Gerard Sapunarich, a miner safety representative, complained about dust and other safety conditions at Lehigh Portland Cement Company's Cementon Plant. The company suspended him for three days without pay after a confrontation with the plant manager in which he used threatening language. The judge…

January 17, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Energy Fuels Coal, Inc.

Two citations vacated and three affirmed

The Secretary charged Energy Fuels Coal, Inc. with five regulatory violations at the Southfield Mine across two dockets. The Secretary moved to vacate two citations under 30 C.F.R. § 75.323 because the evidence was insufficient, and the judge granted that motion. The parties accepted the remaining…

January 13, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Jim Walter Resources, Inc.

Nonpermissible distribution box violation affirmed

MSHA found a nonpermissible electrical distribution box in a crosscut at Jim Walter Resources' No. 5 underground coal mine. The Commission held that the crosscut was the last open crosscut between the relevant entries, so the equipment violated the Mine Act standard requiring permissible equipment…

January 13, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Quantum Chemical Corporation, Emery Division

Hot-water tank citation withdrawn

A Quantum Chemical employee suffered serious burns when heated water erupted from an uncovered tank as he operated a valve beneath it. OSHA cited the company for failing to provide protective shields or barriers. The judge found the personal protective equipment standard applicable, affirmed the…

January 13, 1989 ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Kentucky Mountain Reserve, Inc.,

Proposed settlement denied

The Secretary proposed settling Kentucky Mountain Reserve's civil penalty case for $10,000. The proposed agreement included a disclaimer stating that the settlement could not be used for other purposes and did not establish a standard of care or adjudge compliance. Judge Gary Melick found the…

January 12, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Kentucky Mountain Reserve, Inc.

Proposed settlement denied

The Secretary proposed settling Kentucky Mountain Reserve's civil penalty case for $10,000. The proposed agreement included a broad disclaimer stating that the settlement could not be used for other purposes and did not establish a standard of care or adjudge compliance. Judge Gary Melick found the…

January 12, 1989 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Conatser v. Red Flame Coal Company, Inc.

Discrimination claim dismissed

Charles Conatser refused to drive an 85-ton rock truck after being told that his loader was inoperable and the haulroads were covered with snow. The Commission accepted that his work refusal was based on a reasonable, good faith belief that driving conditions were hazardous. It nevertheless held…

January 12, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Peabody Coal Company

Cab and canopy violation affirmed

MSHA cited Peabody Coal Company after inspectors observed mobile bridge carriers operating without protective cabs or canopies at the Camp No. 11 Mine. The Commission held that an MBC is self-propelled electric face equipment when it is taken into the last open crosscut, and that the first MBCs in…

January 12, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Emery Mining Corporation

Interlocutory review remanded for finality determination

The Commission considered the Secretary's request for interlocutory review of an ALJ order that removed Utah Power and Light Company from 30 modified citations and orders. The parties disagreed about whether that order was final or interlocutory. The Commission held that Rule 54(b) applies to…

January 10, 1989 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Utah Power & Light Company

Self-rescue training citation vacated

MSHA cited Utah Power & Light after three miners did not answer two questions about the location and duration of self-contained self-rescuers during an inspector's interview. Judge John J. Morris found that the company had provided repeated hands-on and refresher training, maps, and instruction…

January 9, 1989 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Eastside Coal Company, Inc.

Settlement approved with abatement orders vacated

Eastside Coal operated a small underground coal mine and contested citations involving noise sampling and other safety requirements, along with orders alleging failures to abate. The parties agreed that the underlying citations would remain in place with reduced penalties, while the related 104(b)…

January 9, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Mid-Continent Resources, Inc.

Evidence on alleged enforcement abuse excluded

Mid-Continent Resources wanted to present evidence that MSHA's enforcement documents reflected a pattern of harassment and enforcement abuse. The Secretary asked the judge to exclude that evidence and evidence about whether MSHA followed its own penalty-proposal regulations. Judge Michael A…

January 4, 1989 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Mid-Continent Resources, Inc.

Evidence on alleged enforcement abuse excluded

Mid-Continent Resources wanted to present evidence that MSHA's enforcement documents reflected a pattern of harassment and enforcement abuse. The Secretary asked the judge to exclude that evidence and evidence about whether MSHA followed its own penalty-proposal regulations. Judge Michael A…

January 4, 1989 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Blue Circle Atlantic, Incorporated

Barricade violation affirmed

MSHA cited Blue Circle Atlantic after an unsecured propane cylinder and hand truck were left on a pitched roof above an unbarricaded roadway and conveyor walkway at its Tulsa plant. Judge George A. Koutras found that the materials created a safety hazard that was not immediately obvious to…

January 3, 1989 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Blue Circle Atlantic, Incorporated

Barricade violation affirmed

MSHA cited Blue Circle Atlantic after an unsecured propane cylinder and hand truck were left on a pitched roof above an unbarricaded roadway and conveyor walkway at its Tulsa plant. Judge George A. Koutras found that the materials created a safety hazard that was not immediately obvious to…

January 3, 1989 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Williams Enterprises of Georgia

Steel-erection safety-net item reinstated

Williams was the steel-erection subcontractor on a high-rise project where employees worked on perimeter beams and columns without exterior fall protection. The Commission had previously vacated the safety-net item after concluding that steel-erection rules displaced the general construction…

January 3, 1989 ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Pennsylvania Electric Company

Conveyor citations affirmed under Mine Act jurisdiction

MSHA cited Pennsylvania Electric Company for failing to adequately guard the head drives of two conveyors at its Homer City electric generating station. The judge decided that the conveyor drives were part of a facility used to prepare coal because the coal traveled through them before being…

December 30, 1988 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Cannelton Industries, Inc.

Discrimination settlement approved

Raymond Long brought a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against Cannelton Industries after a workplace incident and a written warning. The settlement required the company to send Long a letter, post it at the mine for 30 days, expunge the warning, avoid using the incident in future disciplinary…

December 29, 1988 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Zeigler Coal Company

Settlement approved and citation modified

MSHA brought a civil penalty case against Zeigler Coal Company over Citation No. 3042299 at the Spartan Mine. After the inspector testified, the parties proposed reducing the negligence finding from high to low, withdrawing the unwarrantable-failure allegation, and reducing the proposed penalty…

December 29, 1988 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Nally and Hamilton Enterprises, Inc.

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Ford Allen Amos alleged that Nally and Hamilton Enterprises fired him after a dispute about docked pay and complaints to company management. The company said Amos quit voluntarily. Judge Gary Melick found that Amos returned to work immediately after the alleged firing, continued working for about…

December 29, 1988 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Faith Coal Company

Settlement approved and citations affirmed

MSHA brought a civil penalty case against Faith Coal Company involving two citations at the Goforth Mine. The settlement reduced the negligence factor for Citation No. 2808790 from high to moderate and reduced the combined proposed penalty from $179 to $156. Judge Roy J. Maurer approved the…

December 28, 1988 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

James River Limestone Company, Inc.

Hazardous ground citation affirmed

MSHA cited James River Limestone after a blast exposed an underground cavern and inspectors found unstable ground and cracks near quarry equipment. Judge George A. Koutras found that trucks and a shovel were operating close enough to the cavern for the ground to give way and create a serious injury…

December 27, 1988 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Adkins Coal Corporation

Discovery permitted in civil penalty case

The Secretary sought permission to obtain documents from Adkins Coal Corporation after filing a discovery motion more than 20 days after the civil penalty petition. The requested material included a mine foreman's personal notebook, which the company argued was attorney work product. Judge Avram…

December 23, 1988 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Discrimination complaints dismissed

Randy G. Cunningham filed two Mine Act discrimination complaints against Consolidation Coal Company. The Commission issued show-cause orders seeking information about the complaints and gave Cunningham an opportunity to explain the failure to respond. The records showed that he received the orders…

December 23, 1988 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Gosser Construction Company

Discrimination proceeding dismissed

Jackie Sanders brought a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against Gosser Construction Company. She did not appear at the scheduled hearing and did not respond to the later order requiring her to explain the absence. Judge Gary Melick dismissed the proceeding.

December 23, 1988 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Decondor Coal Company, Inc.

Temporary reinstatement ordered

David S. Haynes alleged that Decondor Coal Company fired him after he stopped work and removed miners from an area because he believed electrical and water conditions were hazardous. Judge Avram Weisberger found that the complaint was not frivolously brought. Because the afternoon-shift job had…

December 22, 1988 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Coal-dust orders modified and $550 assessed

MSHA cited Consolidation Coal Company for coal-dust accumulations at the Blacksville No. 1 and Dilworth mines. At Blacksville, Judge Avram Weisberger found a violation but rejected the unwarrantable-failure and significant-and-substantial designations, modified the order to a section 104(a)…

December 22, 1988 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Mid-Continent Resources, Inc.

Enforcement-discretion claims dismissed

Mid-Continent Resources contested an order alleging that an intake-air escapeway at the Dutch Creek Mine was not maintained in a safe, travelable condition. The company also claimed that MSHA had pursued an abusive enforcement policy against the mine. Judge John J. Morris held that the Commission…

December 22, 1988 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Randy Rothermel, Individually and D/B/A Tracey & Partners

Multiple citations modified or vacated

The Secretary brought three consolidated civil penalty proceedings against Randy Rothermel and Tracey & Partners at the Tracey Slope Mine. Judge Avram Weisberger found several violations involving escapeways, mine ventilation and maps, electrical equipment, and reporting requirements, while…

December 22, 1988 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Karst Robbins Coal Company, Inc.

Electrical and roof-safety violations affirmed

Karst Robbins Coal Company operated the No. 4 coal mine. The judge found that the company allowed an unqualified miner to work on a 480-volt trailing cable without direct supervision, failed to lock out or tag the circuit, kept a power center in a return air course, and left unsupported roof in a…

December 20, 1988 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

One citation vacated and two orders affirmed

Consolidation Coal was assessed civil penalties for three alleged safety violations at its Robinson Run No. 95 Mine. The judge dismissed the penalty petition for an injury-reporting citation after the Secretary advised that MSHA was vacating it. The judge found that welding outside a shop was not…

December 16, 1988 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

The Helen Mining Company

Unwarrantable-failure finding affirmed

The Commission reviewed whether The Helen Mining Company unwarrantably failed to comply with the mandatory roof-control standard at its Homer City Mine. Inspectors found gaps between forepole pads and the mine roof in a shortwall section, and the company was cited under 30 C.F.R. § 75.200. The…

December 15, 1988 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Southern Ohio Coal Company

Dust citation vacated and proceeding dismissed

The Commission reviewed a citation alleging that Southern Ohio Coal Company's respirable-dust concentration exceeded the limit in 30 C.F.R. § 70.100(a). The citation was based on twelve samples averaging 2.1 milligrams of dust per cubic meter. The Secretary later determined that one sample was not…

December 13, 1988 ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Discrimination proceeding dismissed under settlement

James D. Grimes brought a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against Consolidation Coal Company. The order states that the case was dismissed pursuant to a settlement approved when the matter was called for hearing on October 4, 1988. No safety standard was adjudicated in the order.

December 12, 1988 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

National Mines Corporation

Discrimination settlement approved

The Secretary alleged that National Mines Corporation discriminated against Patrick Stanfield after he made safety complaints. The proposed settlement required the company to pay Stanfield $1,618.81 in gross wages for a 12-working-day suspension, expunge records of the suspension, and provide only…

December 12, 1988 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Barretto Granite Corporation

Late contest dismissed after court reversal

Barretto orally disputed OSHA's citations at an informal conference within the contest period but did not send written confirmation until after the deadline. The Commission had previously treated the oral dispute as a valid contest and later affirmed vacatur when the Secretary declined to prosecute…

December 9, 1988 ·OSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Lincoln Sand And Gravel Co.

Three safety citations affirmed by default

Lincoln Sand and Gravel operated a sand and gravel mine. The judge found that a conveyor walkway had broken support braces, electrical junction and switch boxes lacked covers over 440-volt terminals, and a 2,200-volt transformer enclosure was not locked against unauthorized entry. The company did…

December 8, 1988 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Marion County Limestone Company, Ltd.

Crusher-safety violations affirmed

Marion County Limestone operated a portable limestone plant where a quarry foreman stood on an operating jaw crusher and used a sledge hammer to break a lodged rock. The judge found that the foreman was not wearing a safety belt or line, was exposed to falling or sliding material, and was…

December 8, 1988 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Oneida Coal Company, Inc.

Roof-control violation affirmed and settlement approved

Oneida Coal faced two Mine Act proceedings at its No. 11 Mine, involving roof control and accumulated float coal dust. Judge Roy J. Maurer approved a $1,000 settlement for the float coal dust order without reducing the proposed penalty. He found that Oneida violated its roof control plan because…

November 29, 1988 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Cyprus Plateau Mining Corporation

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Ernie L. Bruno alleged that Cyprus Plateau Mining discharged him because he reported float coal dust and stopped a shuttle car to water the entry. Judge John J. Morris found that the complaint was filed more than four years after the discharge and that the delay materially prejudiced the operator…

November 29, 1988 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Green River Coal Company

Consolidated mine proceedings partly modified and settled

Green River Coal Company's No. 9 Mine faced consolidated proceedings over ventilation, explosives storage, roof control, and related civil penalties. Judge Gary Melick found one ventilation order unproven and vacated it, while modifying three other orders to section 104(a) citations and assessing…

November 29, 1988 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Marion Docks, Inc.

Loading facility held subject to MSHA jurisdiction

Marion Docks challenged MSHA's authority over its coal loading facility and argued that the facility was not a mine under the Mine Act. Judge George A. Koutras found that the facility weighed, stored, mixed, crushed, sized, and loaded coal, including custom blending to meet customer specifications…

November 28, 1988 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Local Union 9958, District 22, United Mine Workers of America v. Kaiser Coal Corporation

Local Union 9958, District 22, UMWA v. Kaiser Coal Corporation (FMSHRC WEST 87-186-C): Shift compensation awarded, one-week claim denied

A withdrawal order at Kaiser's Sunnyside No. 1 Mine idled miners working on the 20th and 21st left sections. Judge August F. Cetti found that the order caused the idlement and entitled the affected miners to compensation for the balance of the shift and up to four hours of the next shift. Because…

November 28, 1988 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Local Union 2274, UMWA v. Clinchfield Coal Company

Compensation and interest award upheld, formula modified

After an underground explosion and an imminent-danger withdrawal order idled miners at Clinchfield Coal's McClure No. 1 Mine, Local Union 2274 sought one-week compensation and related relief. The Commission held that the withdrawal order and later allegations of mandatory-standard violations…

November 28, 1988 ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Roger Thompson, Union Pres., on Behalf of Paul Luce v. Unimin Corporation

Discrimination complaint withdrawn

Paul Luce decided not to pursue his discrimination complaint against Unimin Corporation. Judge Michael A. Lasher, Jr. treated the signed discontinuance as a voluntary withdrawal under Commission Rule 11. He approved the withdrawal and dismissed the proceeding with prejudice.

November 28, 1988 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

U.S. Steel Mining Co., Inc.

One sequence-switch citation vacated, one affirmed

U.S. Steel Mining was cited after inspectors found that two underground conveyor-belt sequence switches did not stop inby belts when the outby belts stopped. Judge James A. Broderick found that the test conclusively showed one switch was inoperable, while the evidence about the other switch was…

November 23, 1988 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Mixed result

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.