Bruno v. Cyprus Plateau Mining Corporation

Plain-English summary

Ernie L. Bruno asked the Commission to reopen a final discrimination case after the ALJ dismissed his complaint as untimely and found that Cyprus Plateau would have fired him for fighting even apart from any protected activity. The Commission treated his submission as a motion for relief from a final decision based on newly discovered evidence. It denied the motion because Bruno did not show due diligence or that the proposed evidence would change the outcome, and because the untimeliness basis independently supported dismissal. The Commission's order left the original dismissal in place.

Decision snapshot

• Governing provisions: 30 U.S.C. § 815(c)(1); 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1); 29 C.F.R. § 2700.65(c)
• Outcome: The request to reopen and reconsider the final decision was denied.
• Key point: Newly discovered evidence must satisfy due-diligence and outcome-changing requirements, and it cannot overcome an independent ground that still requires dismissal.

Full text (FMSHRC public release)

CCASE:
E. L. BRUNO V. CYPRUS PLAREAU MINING
DDATE:
19890203
TTEXT:

          FEDERAL MINE SAFETY & HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION
                         WASHINGTON, D.C.
                           February 3, 1989

ERNIE L. BRUNO

v. Docket No. WEST 88-157-D

CYPRUS PLATEAU MINING
CORPORATION

BEFORE: Ford, Chairman; Backley, Doyle and Lastowka, Commissioners

               ORDER

BY THE COMMISSION:

In this discrimination proceeding arising under the

Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, 30 U.S.C. $ 801
et seq. (1982) (the "Mine Act"), Commission Administrative Law
Judge John J. Morris issued a decision dismissing Ernie L. Bruno's
complaint of discriminatory discharge on the grounds that the
complaint was filed with prejudicial untimeliness and that Mr. Bruno
would have been fired in any event for the unprotected activity of
fighting. 10 FMSHRC 1649 (November 1988)(ALJ). The Commission did
not grant Bruno's subsequently filed petition for discretionary
review, and Judge Morris' decision became a final decision of the
Commission on January 8, 1989, by operation of the statute. 30 U.S.C.
$ 823(d)(1).

In a letter to Judge Morris dated January 18, 1989, Bruno

requested that this proceeding be reopened and that the judge's
decision be reconsidered on the grounds of newly discovered evidence.
(The newly discovered evidence was described in Bruno's letter.)
Bruno's submission was received in the Commission's Denver, Colorado
offices on January 26, 1989. By letter dated January 26, 1989, the
judge informed Bruno that he did not have jurisdiction to entertain
the request. See 29 C.F.R. $ 2700.65(c). The judge forwarded Bruno's

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submission to the Commission's Washington, DC offices, where it was
received on January 30, 1989. For the reasons set forth below, we
deem Bruno's submission to constitute a motion for relief from a final
Commission decision on the basis of newly discovered evidence, and we
deny the motion.

The factual and procedural background of this case relevant to

Bruno's motion may be summarized briefly. On April 4, 1988, Bruno
filed a complaint with the Commission alleging that on December 12,
1983, he had been discriminatorily discharged by Cyprus Plateau Mining

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Corporation ("Cyprus Plateau") in violation of section 105(c)(1)
of the Act, 30 U.S.C. $ 815(c)(1). Bruno filed the complaint
pro se and pursuant to section 105(c)(3) of the Act, 30 U.S.C.
$ 815(c)(3), following a determination by the Department of Labor's
Mine Safety and Health Administration ("MSHA") that Bruno had not
been discriminatorily discharged. 1/ The complaint alleges that
in being fired, ostensibly for fighting, Bruno was subjected to
illegally disparate treatment. The case was scheduled to be heard
before Judge Morris on September 13, 1988. On September 8, 1988,
the judge received an entry of appearance from counsel for Bruno,
in which counsel specifically requested the judge to note that
"complainant does not request a continuance of this matter."
Appearance of Counsel (September 6, 1988) (emphasis in original).

Following the hearing and the submission of briefs by the

parties, Judge Morris issued his decision dismissing Bruno's
complaint. The judge decided the case on alternative grounds.
First, he held that the delay by Bruno of over four years in filing
the complaint materially prejudiced Cyprus Plateau. Therefore, the
judge concluded that Bruno's complaint was not timely filed and had
to be dismissed. 10 FMSHRC at 1652. Second, the Judge held that
although Bruno had engaged in protected activity in attempting to
correct float coal dust conditions, his discharge by Cyprus Plateau,
even if partly motivated by the protected activity, would have
occurred in any event. In reaching this determination, the judge
analyzed the evidence regarding management's knowledge of Bruno's
protected activity, the coincidence in time between that activity
and the adverse action, and disparate treatment. The judge concluded
that Cyprus Plateau was motivated by Bruno's unprotected activity of
fighting and would have fired him in any event for the fighting alone.
10 FMSHRC at 1655-59.

As part of the evidence regarding disparate treatment, the

judge reviewed the evidence regarding fights at the mine. The judge
credited Cyprus Plateau's evidence that Bruno was not the subject of
disparate treatment and noted that Stan Warnick, Cyprus Plateau's
Manager of Human Resources, testified that two other employees besides
Bruno, Buddy Weaby and Dennis Craig, had been fired for fighting.
10 FMSHRC at 1658. The judge also noted that the fight for which
Bruno was terminated was not Bruno's first "incident" and that Bruno
had previously pushed another employee, an incident discussed during
Bruno's termination interview. 10 FMSHRC at 1659.

On December 27, 1988, Bruno, by counsel, filed with the
Commission a petition for discretionary review. On January 9, 1988,

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the Commission issued a Notice stating that because no two members
of the Commission had voted to grant Bruno's petition, the judge's
decision had become a final decision of the Commission 40 days after
its issuance, i.e., on January 8, 1989. 30 U.S.C. $ 823(d)(1).

1/ Bruno complained to MSHA of the alleged discrimination on
January 19, 1988. On March 19, 1988, MSHA advised Bruno of its
determination that a violation of section 105(c) of the Act had
not occurred. See 30 U.S.C. $$ 815(c)(2) & (3).

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On January 19, 1989, Bruno's counsel informed the Commission
of his withdrawal from the case. In his letter of January 18,
1989, to Judge Morris, Bruno stated that he was without counsel
and requested, in effect, that the judge reopen the case and
reconsider the decision, because of new evidence that "clearly
shows ... disparate treatment" and because of certain discrepancies
that Bruno had discovered in the testimony of Warnick. Bruno
letter 1 (January 18, 1989)("B.L.").

In his letter, Bruno asserts that Warnick's testimony that

Weaby and Craig were fired for fighting, testimony credited by
the judge, was not true. Bruno contends that a recently obtained
statement from Gary McDonald, a retired company official, who was
"responsible for the decision concerning the fight involving ...
Weaby," establishes that Weaby quit and left the company for his
own reasons and was not disciplined for fighting. B.L. 1-2. In
addition, Bruno asserts that a statement from Craig, whom Bruno had
"also found, establishes that Craig was fired for leaving the mine
without permission, not for fighting. B.L. 3. (Bruno includes in
his letter his own purported quotation of Weaby's and Craig's
statements in non-affidavit form.) Finally, Bruno's submission
argues that there are differences in the material facts as sworn to
by Warnick in interrogatories from an earlier state trial involving
Bruno's discharge and in Warnick's testimony before Judge Morris.
B.L. 4-6. 2/

 By letter dated January 26, 1989, Judge Morris informed Bruno

that he no longer had jurisdiction and that "the matters raised in
your letter ... should be presented to the ... Commission." ALJ
letter to Bruno (January 26, 1989). Judge Morris forwarded to the
Commission Bruno's submission and a copy of his letter to Bruno.

As noted above, Judge Morris' decision became final on January 8,
1989, 40 days after the decision was issued and because no two
Commissioners had voted to grant review. We may consider the merits
of Bruno's submission only if we construe it as a request for relief
from a final Commission decision. See 29 C.F.R. $ 2700.1(b)
(applicability of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to Commission
proceedings); Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b) (relief from judgment or order).
See generally M.M. Sundt Construction Co., 8 FMSHRC 1269, 1270
(September 1986): Henry L. Wadding v. Tunnelton Mining Co., 8 FMSHRC
1142, 1142.43 (August 1986).

A decision on a motion for relief from a final judgment calls

for "a delicate adjustment between the desirability of finality and

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the prevention of injustice." In re Casco Chemical Co., 335 F.2d 645,
651 (5th Cir. 1964). In general, once a case has been considered on
the merits, the pendulum swings in the interest of finality. See
11 C. Wright, A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure $ 2857
(1973).

2/ Bruno's discharge generated two actions. First, Bruno sued
Cyprus Plateau in the State of Utah District Court seeking
reinstatement. Bruno's claim was denied by the trial court and
Bruno lost on appeal. Later, Bruno filed the subject discrimination
complaint with the Commission. See 10 FMSHRC at 1651.

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Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b)(2) provides: "In motion and upon such terms
as are just, the court may relieve a party ... from a final judgment,
order, or proceeding for the following reasons: ... newly discovered
evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time
to move for a new trial under Rule 59(b)." (Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(b)
provides that a motion for a new trial must be served no later than
10 days after the entry of the judgment.)

In order to prevail upon a Rule 60(b)(2) motion, the movant

must establish that the newly discovered evidence was in existence at
the time of the trial but not in the movant's possession; that even
by exercising due diligence, the movant could not have obtained the
evidence at the time of trial or in time to move for a new trial under
Rule 59(b); and that the evidence is not merely cumulative and would
change the result. See generally C. Wright, supra, at $ 2859.

 Bruno's submission falls short of these criteria in several

respects. While Bruno's submission has been filed within a
"reasonable time" of the finality point of Judge Morris' decision,
and the "new evidence" upon which he relies (the two "statements" and
discrepancies in Warnick's testimony) was in discoverable existence
at the time of the hearing before Judge Morris, Bruno has failed to
satisfy the "due diligence" and "affecting outcome" tests.

Concerning due diligence, Bruno has made no showing why

McDonald's and Craig's purported testimony regarding disparate
treatment could not have been discovered and used at the hearing
had Bruno exercised due diligence. Bruno states that he discovered
McDonald's testimony "just recently" when he "decided to go over to
[McDonald's] house." B.L. 1. Of Craig, Bruno only states that he
has "also found" him. Id. In short, Bruno has not established
that, by the exercise of due diligence, he could not have obtained
McDonald's and Craig's testimony in time for the original proceeding.
See 7 J. Moore, W. Taggart & J. Wicher, Moore,s Federal Practice
Par. 60.29 (2d ed. 1985). We note also that Bruno obtained an
attorney prior to the hearing, that his attorney specifically waived
a continuance, and that he was represented by counsel at trial.
Similarly, Warnick's interrogatories presumptively were available to
Bruno prior to trial and thus were known to Bruno. Even so, they do
not represent newly discovered evidence but are rather impeaching
evidence, and thus fall outside the scope of a Rule 60(b)(2) motion.
See, e.g., Harris v. Illinois California Express, Inc., 687 F.2d 1361,
1375 (lOth Cir. 1982).

Further, Bruno has made no showing that McDonald's and Craig's

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purported testimony, even if proven, would change the outcome of the
case. Their statements indicate only that each was involved in a
single incident of fighting while, as the judge noted, Bruno's
termination was based in part on his involvement in past incidents,
including a shoving incident. 10 FMSHRC at 1659.

Disparate treatment is but one factor bearing upon an employer's

motivation. The judge also noted that there was no showing that those
personnel who fired Bruno knew of his protected activity in attempting
to correct float coal dust conditions and that there was no
coincidence

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~154
in time between Bruno's protected activity and his discharge.
10 FMSHRC at 1655. Thus, even if all of the evidence upon which
Bruno now relies were assumed arguendo to be true, it would fall
short of establishing the probability that the substantive merits
of the decision reached by the judge would be affected. Cf. Wadding
v. Tunnelton Mining, 8 FMSHRC at 1143 (failure to adduce clear and
convincing evidence of fraud under Rule 60(b)(3)). In the final
analysis, and upon review of the record, we regard Bruno's evidence
as essentially cumulative of other evidence in his favor that was
presented at trial.

Second, none of Bruno's "newly discovered evidence" affects

the first basis for the judge's decision -- that Bruno's complaint
was filed with prejudicial untimeliness. Accordingly, even were we
to agree in all respects with Bruno, the outcome of the judge's
decision would not be changed. Bruno's complaint would still be
subject to dismissal on the basis of the complaint's untimeliness.

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Accordingly, Bruno's request for reconsideration is denied.

Distribution

Ernie L. Bruno
Rt. l, Box 340
Price, Utah 84501

Kent W. Winerholler, Esq.
Parsons, Behle & Latimer
185 South State Street, Suite 700
P.0. Box 11898
Salt Lake City, Utah 84147

Administrative Law Judge John Morris
Federal Mine Safety & Health Review Commission
1244 Speer Bldg., Suite 280
Denver, Colorado 80204