Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

16,281 decisions and counting · Latest decision September 10, 2026
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COMM

K.E.R. Enterprises, Inc., d/b/a Armadillo Underground

Pipe-explosion citation vacated for lack of a recognized hazard

Armadillo Underground installed water-line piping and pressure-tested a completed section while workers tightened bolts to stop a small leak. The pipe exploded, breaking the foreman's legs and causing minor lacerations to three other workers. OSHA alleged that tightening the bolts while the pipe…

January 9, 2013 ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Sierra Rock Products, Inc.

Electrical and access violations yield $23,643 penalty

Sierra Rock Products contested electrical, fall-protection, access, guarding, training, and equipment citations at its small California quarry and crusher. Judge Richard W. Manning upheld two imminent-danger orders, found several violations S&S, and affirmed or modified every litigated citation. He…

January 8, 2013 ·Richard W. Manning ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

Matter of Alfonso CORTES MEDINA, Respondent

California indecent exposure with lewd intent was a crime involving moral turpitude

The Board reviewed the Department of Homeland Security’s appeal after an Immigration Judge terminated removal proceedings against a Mexican lawful permanent resident with multiple California indecent-exposure convictions. The Board held that California Penal Code section 314(1) requires willful and…

January 8, 2013
Remanded
ALJ

Buckingham Coal Company

Summary decision denied in emergency-plan cases

MSHA issued five citations alleging that Buckingham Coal failed to update emergency response plans with available post-accident communication and tracking systems. Buckingham sought summary decision, arguing that the Secretary had failed to refer an emergency-plan dispute immediately for expedited…

January 7, 2013 ·Alan G. Paez ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Allied Stone, LLC

Guarding and quarry citations split, with $650 total penalties

Allied Stone contested safety citations from an inspection of its portable surface limestone mine in Wisconsin. Judge Michael E. Zielinski affirmed a highwall citation but removed its S&S designation because the loader operator was unlikely to be injured by falling rock. He vacated two guarding…

January 4, 2013 ·Michael E. Zielinski ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

New Cingular Wireless PCS, LLC, et al.

In re New Cingular Wireless PCS, LLC, et al. (EAB MM 12-01C): consent agreement ratified

New Cingular Wireless PCS, LLC, and related respondents were parties to enforcement matters under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Clean Air Act. The Environmental Appeals Board incorporated the attached Consent Agreement into its Final Order and…

January 3, 2013 ·EPA EAB
Settled
COMM

Billington Contracting, Inc.

Late reopening motion denied with prejudice

Billington Contracting asked the Commission to reopen three penalty cases that had become final after it failed to answer the Secretary's petitions. The company filed its reopening motion more than one year after the default orders became effective. The Commission explained that motions based on…

January 3, 2013 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

River View Coal, LLC

Penalty assessment reopened after staffing lapse

River View Coal asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that became final before the operator mailed its contest. The mine had been idle over the holidays, its regular clerk was on maternity leave, and temporary staff did not understand the contest deadline. The Secretary did not oppose…

January 3, 2013 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Ohio County Coal Company, LLC

Late penalty contests reopened

Ohio County Coal asked the Commission to reopen two penalty assessments after its contests arrived six and seven days after the assessments became final. The operator said unexplained failures in its internal mail system delayed delivery to its safety manager, and it acted after receiving…

January 3, 2013 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Joseph J. Piscazzi, Trustee, Joseph J. Piscazzi Revocable Trust (Cleveland Trencher Site)

In re Joseph J. Piscazzi, Trustee, Joseph J. Piscazzi Revocable Trust (Cleveland Trencher Site) (EAB CERCLA 106(b) Petition No. 12-03): reimbursement petition dismissed after settlement

Joseph J. Piscazzi, as trustee of the Joseph J. Piscazzi Revocable Trust, filed a petition for reimbursement concerning the Cleveland Trencher Site. The trustee later filed a notice withdrawing the petition and reported that the parties had entered a consent agreement settling all matters related…

January 3, 2013 ·EPA EAB
Settled
COMM

Joseph J. Piscazzi, Trustee, Joseph J. Piscazzi Revocable Trust

In re Joseph J. Piscazzi, Trustee, Joseph J. Piscazzi Revocable Trust (EAB CERCLA 106(b) Petition No. 12-03): reimbursement petition dismissed with prejudice

Joseph J. Piscazzi, Trustee, Joseph J. Piscazzi Revocable Trust, filed a petition for reimbursement concerning the Cleveland Trencher Site. The petitioner later withdrew the petition and reported that the parties had entered into a consent agreement settling all matters related to it. The…

January 3, 2013 ·EPA EAB
Procedural
ALJ

Dyno Nobel East-Central Region

Stay denied while individual-liability investigation continued

MSHA sought a $47,716 penalty against Dyno Nobel while a related investigation considered possible individual liability under section 110(c) of the Mine Act. Dyno Nobel requested a stay so any individual case could be consolidated with the operator's case and duplicate litigation could be avoided…

January 2, 2013 ·Michael E. Zielinski ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Highland Mining Company, LLC

Equipment and ventilation citations assessed at $7,153

Highland Mining contested six citations involving diesel exhaust systems, a conveyor pull cord, a damaged mantrip canopy, and compliance with its ventilation plan. Judge William B. Moran found two defective mini-track exhaust systems S&S because leaking exhaust created carbon-monoxide and fire…

December 31, 2012 ·William B. Moran ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

KyKenKee, Inc.

Settlement approved after sawmill guarding decision

KyKenKee operated an Alabama sawmill where a worker was fatally struck by a log that fell from a debarker conveyor. An administrative law judge found that the company should have fenced or posted the hazardous area around the ring barker and its conveyors. The judge reduced the violation from…

December 31, 2012 ·OSHRC
Settled
ALJ

All American Concrete, Inc.

One excavation citation vacated and one affirmed as serious

All American Concrete was upgrading a storm-water system when an excavator bucket rolled into an excavation and broke an employee's ankle. OSHA cited the contractor for materials or equipment near the excavation edge and for inadequate cave-in protection. The judge vacated the falling-materials…

December 31, 2012 ·Sharon D. Calhoun ·OSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Secretary of Labor on behalf of Lawrence L. Pendley v. Highland Mining Company, LLC

Discrimination complaint dismissed on remand

On remand from the Commission after appellate review, Judge David F. Barbour reconsidered whether Highland Mining discriminated against Lawrence Pendley by firing him and by changing his work after temporary reinstatement. The judge found that mine management honestly and reasonably believed…

December 27, 2012 ·David F. Barbour ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Lucky Plastering Corporation

Late scaffold contest dismissed

OSHA cited Lucky Plastering for four scaffold violations at a Florida construction site and proposed $12,000 in penalties. The company filed its notice of contest more than seven weeks after the 15-working-day deadline. Its president cited a family emergency, difficulty reading English, reduced…

December 24, 2012 ·Sharon D. Calhoun ·OSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Sierra Pacific Industries

In re Sierra Pacific Industries (EAB PSD Appeal No. 12-03): petition dismissed without prejudice as prematurely filed

Citizens for Clean Air petitioned the Environmental Appeals Board over a proposed PSD permit modification for Sierra Pacific Industries' cogeneration plant in Anderson, California. Citizens for Clean Air challenged the Region's denial of a request for a public hearing and filed before the…

December 21, 2012 ·EPA EAB
Procedural
COMM

Eastern Associated Coal, LLC

Hospitalization-related default reopened

Eastern Associated Coal asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that became final while its general manager was unexpectedly hospitalized. The manager said he forwarded the assessment to the safety manager immediately after discovering it, and the company then filed a contest. The…

December 20, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Runts Trucking, Inc.

Missing mailed contest reopened

Runts Trucking asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment after MSHA had no record of receiving its contest. The owner said he mailed the contest within one week of receiving the assessment and acted after MSHA later sent a delinquency notice. The Secretary did not oppose reopening but…

December 20, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Freeport-McMoRan Morenci, Inc.

Untracked penalty contest reopened

Freeport-McMoRan asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment after MSHA had no record of receiving the operator's contest. Freeport said it mailed the contest well before the deadline but could not prove delivery because it did not use certified mail. The company stated that this departed…

December 20, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

West States Skanska, Inc.

Misplaced assessment reopened after personnel changes

West States Skanska asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that became final after recent personnel changes caused it to be misplaced. The company's safety director discovered the problem while investigating a different outstanding assessment. The Secretary did not oppose reopening…

December 20, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Chemical Lime Company of Virginia, Inc.

Missing contest form excused

Chemical Lime asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment after it mailed payment for uncontested penalties but mistakenly omitted the contest form. MSHA had no record of receiving the form, although its payment center received the company's check. The Secretary did not oppose reopening and…

December 20, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Ararat Rock Products

Misaddressed penalty contest reopened

Ararat Rock Products asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment after it apparently mailed its contest to the wrong location. The operator said it discovered the delinquency during a hearing in another case and paid the contested penalties under protest to avoid additional charges. The…

December 20, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

RoxCoal, Inc.

Treasury collection recall authorized in one docket

RoxCoal paid two approved settlement amounts but said it never received the judge's payment orders and asked the Commission to remove added interest and collection charges. One docket had already been referred to the Treasury Department, while the other had been fully paid and closed. The…

December 20, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Secretary of Labor on behalf of Peter L. Dunne v. Vulcan Construction Materials, LP

Temporary reinstatement dissolved after court mandate

The Commission had previously upheld Peter Dunne's temporary reinstatement after the Secretary declined to pursue his discrimination claim and Dunne continued on his own behalf. The Seventh Circuit reversed, holding that temporary reinstatement cannot continue after the Secretary decides not to…

December 20, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Custom Built Marine Construction, Inc.

Eye-protection citation affirmed for jackhammer work

Custom Built Marine was renovating a Florida boat ramp when OSHA saw an employee use a jackhammer without eye protection while a supervisor stood nearby, also without eye protection. Two pairs of protective eyewear were available at the site. The judge vacated the item after concluding that the…

December 20, 2012 ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Extra Energy, Inc.

Refuse-pile hazards upheld with $34,600 penalties

Extra Energy mined coal refuse from the middle of a steep pile instead of following its approved ground control plan from top to toe or in controlled lifts. Judge Jacqueline R. Bulluck found that the method destabilized the pile and exposed a foreman working below roughly 100 feet of unconsolidated…

December 19, 2012 ·Jacqueline R. Bulluck ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Appleton Papers, Inc. (Lower Fox River and Green Bay Site)

In re Appleton Papers, Inc. (Lower Fox River and Green Bay Site) (EAB CERCLA § 106(b) Petition No. 12-04): reimbursement petition dismissed without prejudice

EPA Region 5 issued a unilateral administrative order requiring Appleton Papers and other potentially responsible parties to perform cleanup work at the Lower Fox River and Green Bay Superfund Site in Wisconsin. Appleton sought reimbursement of approximately $174 million in costs, arguing that a…

December 18, 2012 ·EPA EAB
Procedural
COMM

Appleton Papers, Inc., Lower Fox River and Green Bay Site

In re Appleton Papers, Inc. (EAB CERCLA § 106(b) Petition No. 12-04): reimbursement petition dismissed without prejudice

EPA Region 5 issued a unilateral administrative order requiring Appleton Papers and other potentially responsible parties to perform cleanup work at the Lower Fox River and Green Bay Superfund Site. Appleton Papers petitioned for reimbursement of about $174 million in costs, arguing that a federal…

December 18, 2012 ·EPA EAB
Procedural
ALJ

Tri County Coal, LLC

Equipment and examination violations yield $39,472

Tri County Coal faced citations involving defective ram-car brakes, unsupported roof, damaged cable splices, an inadequate electrical examination, a roof-bolter dust collector, and inaccurate escapeway maps. Judge Michael E. Zielinski affirmed every litigated violation but modified negligence…

December 17, 2012 ·Michael E. Zielinski ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

Stommes Construction, Inc.

Five reopening motions denied with prejudice

Stommes Construction sought to reopen four final penalty assessments and one default order, asserting that it had not received the underlying documents. Three motions were filed more than one year after the assessments became final and were untimely. Delivery records contradicted the operator's…

December 14, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Peter L. Dunne v. Vulcan Construction Materials, L.P.

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Peter Dunne alleged that Vulcan fired him because he had earlier reported finding a blasting cap and booster on his roof bolter. Judge L. Zane Gill found that the earlier report was protected activity and that Dunne barely established an initial inference of discrimination. The evidence…

December 14, 2012 ·L. Zane Gill ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Fox Ridge Stone Co., LLC

Undocketed show-cause response supports reopening

Fox Ridge Stone asked the Commission to reopen a default order involving one specially assessed citation. The operator had timely contested all assessments from the inspection but later failed to answer penalty petitions in two related dockets. It sent a response to the show-cause orders without…

December 14, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Cloverlick Coal Company, LLC

Reopening case dismissed after payment

Cloverlick Coal asked the Commission to reopen a final penalty assessment. The operator later paid the assessment in full. The Secretary told the Commission that the payment indicated Cloverlick no longer wished to pursue reopening, and the operator did not respond. The Commission treated the…

December 14, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Ehle, Inc.

Citations vacated because OSHA did not prove employer status

Ehle owned rental properties and hired contractors to construct its apartment buildings. OSHA observed several people installing roof sheathing without fall protection and issued two serious citation items totaling $1,200. The judge found that OSHA did not prove carpenter Chuck Brandau was an…

December 13, 2012 ·John H. Schumacher ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Loren Cook Company

Machine-guarding items vacated over standard applicability

Loren Cook manufactured fans and blowers using small manual spinning lathes. A 12-pound metal workpiece was ejected from a lathe and fatally struck an employee in the head. OSHA withdrew three personal-protective-equipment items during the hearing and pursued seven willful machine-guarding items…

December 13, 2012 ·Ken S. Welsch ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Pennsy Supply, Inc.

Late accident report affirmed with reduced negligence

A customer truck driver was found unresponsive and not breathing at Pennsy Supply's scale, and CPR began immediately. Mine management called 911 promptly but did not notify MSHA until nearly two hours later, after learning that the driver had died. Judge George A. Koutras held that the driver had…

December 12, 2012 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Bradley R. Ashby v. Ohio County Coal Company

Discrimination complaint dismissed for lack of protected activity

Bradley Ashby alleged that Ohio County Coal ended his employment after he raised concerns about how ram cars were operated at the Freedom Mine. Judge Jeffrey Tureck found that Ashby told supervisors only that he knew a better or more productive method, not that the existing routes were unsafe…

December 12, 2012 ·Jeffrey Tureck ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Shelter Creek Capital, LLC

Counsel's filing error did not justify reopening

Shelter Creek sent a proposed assessment to its lawyer, but office staff placed the contest form in the client file instead of mailing it to MSHA. The operator asked the Commission to reopen the final assessment and moved to strike the Secretary's late opposition. The Commission held that a client…

December 11, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Cementation USA, Inc.

Management-change default reopened

Cementation USA initially asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment without explaining the missed deadline. After the Commission requested more information, the contractor attributed the default to management changes and a recent office move and described new procedures to prevent another…

December 10, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Greg Perkins, employed by Black Fuel Energy, LLC

Misaddressed individual assessment reopened

Greg Perkins asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment that he did not receive before it became delinquent. MSHA had mailed the assessment to an incorrect address, and the mailing was returned as undeliverable. The Secretary did not oppose reopening. The Commission reopened the assessment…

December 10, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Sapphire Coal Company

One-day-late contest reopened

Sapphire Coal filed its penalty contest one day late because it mistakenly calculated January as having 30 days. The operator acted promptly after receiving MSHA's delinquency notice and had paid the uncontested penalties. The Secretary did not oppose reopening but urged Sapphire to ensure future…

December 10, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

E & G Masonry Stone #2

Incomplete contest form reopened

E & G Masonry Stone asked the Commission to reopen a penalty assessment, stating that it mailed a timely contest and later resubmitted it. MSHA had received one sheet of the contest form before the deadline but did not process it because the submission was incomplete. The Secretary did not oppose…

December 10, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Ratliff Ready Mix, L.P.

Unmarked contest form reopened

Ratliff Ready Mix timely submitted a penalty contest form but failed to mark which citations it intended to contest. The operator discovered the mistake after receiving an MSHA delinquency notice. MSHA confirmed that it had received one sheet of the form, and the Secretary did not oppose reopening…

December 10, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Munce's Superior Petroleum Products, Inc.

In re Munce's Superior Petroleum Products, Inc. (EAB CWA Appeal No. 12-04): Default order and penalty affirmed

Munce's Superior Petroleum Products, Inc. failed to answer an EPA administrative complaint alleging violations involving an EPA information request and spill prevention, control, and countermeasure plans. The EPA hearing officer found the company in default, held it liable, and assessed a $46,403…

December 7, 2012 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
ALJ

International Masonry, Inc.

Scaffold citations produced a mixed result and $4,000 penalty

Three International Masonry employees fell about 37 feet when a scaffold platform supported by a modified corner bracket collapsed. One employee died and another was seriously injured. The Secretary withdrew four items, and the judge vacated allegations involving a damaged bracket, ladder…

December 7, 2012 ·Ken S. Welsch ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Duke's Sand & Gravel

Misplaced delivered assessment reopened

A former Duke's Sand & Gravel employee who was not authorized to accept packages signed for a proposed assessment. The assessment was later found misplaced under a box on a workbench after the contest deadline had passed. The Secretary did not oppose reopening but urged the operator to improve its…

December 5, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Northern Filter Media, Inc.

Reopening motion denied as untimely

Northern Filter Media sought to reopen a final penalty assessment after discovering that an employee with memory and confusion problems had treated an earlier letter as a sufficient contest. The Secretary opposed reopening because the company had not monitored the employee's compliance work and…

December 5, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Noranda Alumina, LLC

One-day filing delay reopened after manager departure

Noranda Alumina filed its penalty contest one day late after its safety manager departed and failed to follow the company's standard procedure. The Secretary did not oppose reopening but urged the operator to ensure future contests are timely. In the interests of justice, the Commission reopened…

December 5, 2012 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Northern Aggregates

Training citation settled with a $100 penalty

MSHA cited Northern Aggregates for a training violation and specially assessed a $1,500 penalty. In settlement, the Secretary stated that the cited worker was a service worker employed by another company rather than a miner and that the citation and inspector's notes did not address that issue. The…

November 30, 2012 ·Robert J. Lesnick ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

LHC, Inc.

Late contest denied after citation remained in company inbox

OSHA issued LHC four serious citation items carrying $10,780 in proposed penalties. The company's president received and signed for the citation, but it remained in his inbox while he tried to gather information from employees working elsewhere in Montana. LHC notified OSHA of its intent to contest…

November 30, 2012 ·Patrick B. Augustine ·OSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Matter of Jorge Isaac SANCHEZ-LOPEZ

California stalking conviction qualifies as a crime of stalking

The Board reviewed a Peruvian lawful permanent resident's appeal after an Immigration Judge found him removable for a California stalking conviction and denied cancellation of removal as a matter of discretion. The Board held that a conviction under California Penal Code section 646.9 is a crime of…

November 29, 2012
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Secretary of Labor on behalf of Robert Jackson v. Lafarge North America, Inc.

Economic reinstatement settlement approved

The Secretary sought temporary reinstatement for Robert Jackson after Lafarge North America terminated his plant-operator employment. The parties agreed to economic reinstatement retroactive to November 9, 2012, with Jackson receiving his regular pay, increases, bonuses, and benefits. Judge Richard…

November 29, 2012 ·Richard W. Manning ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Bridger Coal Company

Expedited hearing denied, prompt hearing directed

Bridger Coal contested a citation issued after MSHA demanded copies of miner statements taken during an accident investigation. Bridger claimed work-product protection and asked for expedited review, while the Secretary argued there was no continuing harm or hardship. Judge William B. Moran found…

November 27, 2012 ·William B. Moran ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Secretary of Labor on behalf of Robert Mitchell v. Vulcan Construction Materials, LP

Economic reinstatement settlement approved

The Secretary sought temporary reinstatement for Robert Mitchell after Vulcan Construction Materials terminated his front-end loader employment. The parties agreed that similarly situated miners were on seasonal layoff and that Mitchell would be economically reinstated when his seniority would…

November 26, 2012 ·Richard W. Manning ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

C & E Concrete, Inc.

Conveyor guarding citation vacated

MSHA cited C & E Concrete after an inspector saw two unguarded return rollers on an operating conveyor at its crushed-limestone mine. The company relied on the exception for moving parts at least seven feet away from walking or working surfaces. Judge Jeffrey Tureck treated that exception as an…

November 26, 2012 ·Jeffrey Tureck ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Wormley Brothers Enterprises, Inc.

Repeat ladder violation affirmed

Wormley Brothers was finishing a flat roof on a Georgia bank project when OSHA observed five employees, including the foreman, use a portable ladder to leave the roof. The roof was about 17 feet high, but the ladder rails extended only 18 inches above the landing instead of the required 3 feet. The…

November 26, 2012 ·Ken S. Welsch ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Secretary of Labor on behalf of Todd Fagg v. Baker Hughes, Inc.

Economic reinstatement agreement approved

The Secretary sought temporary reinstatement for Todd Fagg after Baker Hughes suspended and terminated his employment at the Argenta Mine and Mill. The parties agreed to economic reinstatement without Baker Hughes admitting that Fagg's discrimination complaint was not frivolously brought. The…

November 23, 2012 ·William B. Moran ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Twin Pines Construction, Inc./Teles Construction

Six items affirmed by default

OSHA issued Twin Pines Construction/Teles Construction two serious items and four other-than-serious items after a Massachusetts inspection. The allegations involved an obstructed or slippery emergency exit, forklift refresher training, injury and illness records, record production, and forklift…

November 23, 2012 ·Dennis L. Phillips ·OSHRC
Procedural

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.