Nonprofit Corporation Membership Exit and Termination by State
For a domestic nonprofit corporation with members, how can membership be transferred, resigned, suspended, expelled, or terminated, and what procedure and continuing obligations apply?
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Every entry, oldest check October 3, 2026
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What this survey covers
Membership can end by a member's own resignation or by a corporation's termination decision. A suspension can leave membership in place while restricting its rights. This table separates those events from transferring a membership interest and from the duties a former member still owes.
Why the columns differ
Florida § 617.0606 says a member “may resign at any time for any reason.” Its § 617.0607(1) requires a procedure that is “fair and reasonable and is carried out in good faith,” while § 617.0605 sets a default against transfer unless the articles or bylaws allow it.
Wyoming § 17-19-621(b) adds a document-based procedure with “Not less than fifteen (15) days prior written notice” and an opportunity to be heard “not less than five (5) days before the effective date,” or a procedure fair and reasonable under the circumstances. Texas § 22.151(b) requires the certificate or bylaws to designate each membership class and its “qualifications and rights.” Tennessee § 48-56-302 also offers a documented 15-day/5-day procedure or a contextually fair procedure, with a one-year challenge period. Those differences make the document, notice, and hearing columns separate questions.
Scope boundaries
The table covers members of ordinary domestic nonprofit corporations. It does not resolve who would win a challenge to an expulsion or apply specialized property association, employment, or religious rules. A corporation without members has no member exit to process.
State by state
Every column answered the same way for each jurisdiction. Open a state for the full page, with the statute text and the date it was checked.
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| State | Governing law and covered members | Documents, classes, and decision maker | Transfer of membership rights | Voluntary resignation | Expulsion, suspension, and termination | Notice and opportunity to respond | Rights and records after exit | Dues and prior commitments | Challenge period and remedy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama verified 2026-10-03 | Chapter 10A-3A; certificate states whether nonprofit has members; a nominal “member” of nonmembership corporation lacks member status (§§ 10A-3A-6.01–.02). |
Certificate/bylaws set classes, qualifications and exit reasons/manner; board sets admission absent different rule (§§ 10A-3A-6.01, -6.03, -6.21(a)). |
Default no transfer of membership/right unless certificate/bylaws permit; later restriction needs affected earlier member’s approval (§ 10A-3A-6.11). |
Member may resign at any time; § 10A-3A-6.20 prescribes no specific notice form; prior commitments remain. |
Membership may be terminated or suspended for reasons and manner in certificate/bylaws (§ 10A-3A-6.21(a)). |
§ 10A-3A-6.21(a) directs reasons and manner to certificate/bylaws; that section states no uniform advance-notice or hearing schedule. |
Status depends on member definition and membership corporation; § 10A-3A-6.21 contains no separate post-exit rights rule (§ 10A-3A-6.02(c)–(d)). |
Resignation, termination, or suspension does not release earlier obligations or commitments (§§ 10A-3A-6.20(b), -6.21(c)). |
Challenge to termination or suspension for any reason begins within 1 year after its effective date (§ 10A-3A-6.21(b)). |
| Alaska verified 2026-10-03 | Alaska Nonprofit Corporation Act, AS 10.20; corporation may have member classes or no members (§§ 10.20.051(a), .925) |
Articles/bylaws set member selection, qualifications, class rights; bylaws may manage affairs consistently with law/articles (§§ 10.20.051(a), .056) |
Membership certificate may evidence status; consult article/bylaw class terms for transfer conditions (§§ 10.20.051(a), .920(8)) |
Consult article/bylaw membership terms; cited member provision sets no general resignation method (§ 10.20.051(a)) |
Consult article/bylaw class rights and procedure; cited member provision fixes no general expulsion vote (§ 10.20.051(a)) |
Member-meeting notice is ordinarily 10–50 days; no separate individual exit timetable in cited member provision (§§ 10.20.051(a), .066) |
Class voting rights set by documents; corporation keeps voting-member names/addresses; member inspection for proper purpose (§§ 10.20.071(a), .131) |
Member not liable merely as member on corporation’s obligations; review any personal dues commitment (§ 10.20.051(b)) |
No individual exit challenge period in cited member provision; examine governing terms and applicable law (§ 10.20.051(a)) |
| Arizona verified 2026-10-03 | Title 10 nonprofit membership; members optional (§ 10-3603); § 10-3621 excludes primarily religious corporations. |
Articles/bylaws may set admission and continuation criteria and differing member classes; exit procedure may also be in member agreement (§§ 10-3601, -3610, -3621). |
No membership/right transfer unless articles or bylaws set forth or authorize it (§ 10-3611). |
Member may resign at any time unless articles/bylaws set or authorize an exception; prior obligations remain (§ 10-3620). |
Expulsion, suspension, or termination must use documents/agreement procedure or an otherwise appropriate one (§ 10-3621(A)). |
Otherwise appropriate: 15-day written reasons plus hearing opportunity 5 days before exit, or fair/reasonable in circumstances; mailed notice to record address (§ 10-3621(B)-(C)). |
Member list maintained by class and votes; rights and liabilities depend on documents and statute (§§ 10-11601, -3610). |
Prior resignation obligations survive; expelled/suspended member may owe prior dues; dues liability requires agreement, consent, or acquiescence (§§ 10-3620, -3621(E), -3613). |
Challenge, including defective notice, within 6 months after effective exit (§ 10-3621(D)). |
| Arkansas verified 2026-10-03 | 1993 Nonprofit Corporation Act applies to corporations formed from 1994 and older corporations electing it; members optional (§§ 4-33-603, -1701) |
Articles/bylaws set admission and class differences; authorized person hears member in document-based exit procedure (§§ 4-33-601, -610, -621(b)(1)) |
Mutual benefit: document permission needed; public benefit/religious: no membership-right transfer; later restriction needs affected member approval (§ 4-33-611) |
Member may resign at any time; prior obligations and commitments remain (§ 4-33-620) |
Public/mutual benefit: fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure (§ 4-33-621(a)) |
Document procedure: 15 days’ written reasons notice, hearing 5 days before effect; contextual fairness alternative; first-class/certified mail (§ 4-33-621(b)-(c)) |
Meeting list identifies members entitled to notice and vote; governing documents may set class rights (§§ 4-33-610, -720(a)) |
Earlier obligations/commitments survive resignation; expelled/suspended member may owe prior dues, assessments, fees (§§ 4-33-613, -620(b), -621(e)) |
Begin challenge, including defective-notice claim, within 1 year after effective exit (§ 4-33-621(d)) |
| California verified 2026-10-03 | Public-benefit, mutual-benefit, and religious nonprofit acts; members under § 5056, if articles/bylaws provide them (§§ 5310, 7310, 9310) |
Articles/bylaws control admission, classes, and procedure; public/mutual decision maker must be able to stop proposed exit (§§ 5330, 7330, 9330, 5341, 7341, 9151) |
Public: default no transfer and no transfer for value; mutual: default no transfer, documents may allow; religious: no transfer for value (§§ 5320, 7320, 9320) |
May resign anytime; mutual articles/bylaws may require reasonable notice before effective date; time-limited memberships expire absent renewal (§§ 5340, 7340, 9340) |
Public/mutual: good-faith, fair and reasonable procedure; religious: termination under articles/bylaws (§§ 5341, 7341, 9340) |
Public/mutual safe harbor: 15 days’ reasoned notice, hearing opportunity at least 5 days before effect; mail first-class/registered. Public class-ending amendment: 45–90 days’ notice (§§ 5341, 7341, 5342) |
Keep names, addresses, and classes in member record; public class-ending amendment ends statutory member rights (§§ 6320, 8320, 9510, 5342) |
Prior charges and commitments survive resignation or exit; prompt resignation may avoid newly learned dues, subject to other liability (§§ 5340–5341, 5351, 7340–7341, 7351, 9340, 9351) |
Public/mutual: challenge within 1 year; court may order equitable relief, including reinstatement; religious termination follows documents (§§ 5341, 7341, 9340) |
| Colorado verified 2026-10-03 | Nonprofit Corporation Act, arts. 121–137; corporation need not have members (§§ 7-121-401(26), 7-126-101). |
Bylaws may set admission and vary member rights; expulsion procedure may be in bylaws or written board policy, with an authorized decision maker (§§ 7-126-102, -201, -302(2)). |
No transfer of membership or related right unless bylaws allow; later restriction needs affected preexisting member’s approval (§ 7-126-202). |
Member may resign at any time unless bylaws provide otherwise; prior commitments remain (§ 7-126-301). |
Default requires fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure; bylaws may provide otherwise (§ 7-126-302(1)–(2)). |
Statutory fair-procedure route: written reasons at least 15 days ahead, hearing chance at least 5 days ahead; alternative contextual fairness; mailed notice first-class/certified (§ 7-126-302(2)–(3)). |
Membership means member rights and obligations; corporation maintains class/vote member record (§§ 7-121-401(24)–(25), 7-136-101(3)). |
Resignation does not erase prior commitments; expelled/suspended member may owe earlier dues, assessments, or fees (§§ 7-126-301(2), -302(5)). |
Unless bylaws provide otherwise, challenge proceeding, including defective notice, begins within 1 year after effective date (§ 7-126-302(4)). |
| Connecticut verified 2026-10-03 | Revised Nonstock Corporation Act; may have member classes or none (§ 33-1055). |
Certificate names classes; certificate/bylaws give class qualifications and rights; bylaws set exit rules (§§ 33-1055, 33-1056(a)). |
No voluntary or involuntary transfer of membership or its rights unless certificate/bylaws provide otherwise (§ 33-1056(d)). |
Bylaws govern withdrawal; absent contrary document term, voluntary withdrawal ends membership and rights (§ 33-1056(a), (e)). |
Bylaw expulsion rules must be reasonable, purpose-related, equally enforced; affiliated-organization good standing may be expulsion cause (§ 33-1056(a), (c)). |
§ 33-1056(a) requires reasonable, purpose-related, equally enforced bylaw rules; review bylaws for notice and response procedure. |
Absent contrary documents, rights and privileges in corporation/property cease on death, withdrawal, or expulsion (§ 33-1056(e)). |
Member liable for duly imposed fines/penalties and assented or properly levied dues/assessments (§§ 33-1057(a)–(c), 33-1058(a)). |
§ 33-1056(a) sets reasonableness/equal-enforcement conditions, with no stated special exit-challenge period. |
| Delaware verified 2026-10-03 | Delaware General Corporation Law applies to nonprofit nonstock corporations; membership criteria in certificate/bylaws (§§ 102(a)(4), 114) |
Certificate/bylaws set membership criteria and may define class rights and duties; check them for decision authority (§§ 102(a)(4), (b)(1), 109(b)) |
Check certificate/bylaw membership conditions and class terms; cited provisions supply no general transfer method (§ 102(a)(4)) |
Check certificate/bylaw membership conditions; cited provisions supply no uniform resignation method (§ 102(a)(4)) |
Check certificate/bylaw class rights and membership conditions; cited provisions supply no uniform expulsion vote (§§ 102(a)(4), 215(c)) |
No individual exit notice or hearing timetable in cited membership provisions; check governing terms (§§ 102(a)(4), 215) |
Membership and class voting rights depend on certificate/bylaws; § 215(b) gives one vote per member unless they provide otherwise |
Class duties may be set in certificate/bylaws; review outstanding dues or separate commitments (§ 102(a)(4)) |
No individual exit challenge period in cited membership provisions; check governing terms and applicable law (§§ 102(a)(4), 215) |
| District of Columbia verified 2026-10-03 | D.C. Nonprofit Corporation Act; membership corporation’s articles/bylaws require members; statutory member definition controls (§§ 29-401.02(24), (26), 29-404.01) |
Articles/bylaws set termination or suspension reasons and manner; member rights/obligations equal unless documents vary (§§ 29-404.10, .21(a)) |
Membership and arising rights nontransferable unless articles/bylaws allow; later restriction needs affected member’s approval (§ 29-404.11) |
Member may resign at any time; statute fixes no particular signed notice method (§ 29-404.20(a)) |
Terminate or suspend for reasons and in manner in articles/bylaws; read those terms for decision maker (§ 29-404.21(a)) |
No fixed advance notice or hearing timetable in termination section; articles/bylaws state manner (§ 29-404.21(a)) |
Corporation keeps class-sorted member/vote list; inspection right is framed for a statutory member (§§ 29-413.01(c), .02(a)) |
Resignation, termination, or suspension does not erase prior obligations or commitments (§§ 29-404.20(b), .21(c)) |
Challenge termination or suspension for any reason within 1 year after effective date (§ 29-404.21(b)) |
| Florida verified 2026-10-03 | Florida Nonprofit Corporation Act; corporation may have members or none (§ 617.0601(1)(a)) |
Articles/bylaws set member classes, qualifications, rights, and meeting notice; exit section names no universal decision maker (§§ 617.0601(1)(a), .0607(1)) |
Membership and arising rights nontransferable unless articles/bylaws allow; existing member must approve a later restriction (§ 617.0605) |
Member may resign at any time for any reason; no specific form prescribed in resignation section (§ 617.0606(1)) |
Procedure must be fair, reasonable, and carried out in good faith; documents may provide dues-enforcement terms (§§ 617.0607(1), .0604(4)) |
Exit procedure must be fair; mailed written notice by certified or first-class mail to record address; separate hearing rule applies to fines/penalties (§ 617.0607(1), (2), (5)) |
Record resignation/expulsion/suspension/termination on member list; rights and privileges cease on termination unless articles/bylaws say otherwise (§ 617.0601(5)) |
Resignation and involuntary exit preserve earlier obligations/commitments; prior dues, assessments, or fees may remain due (§§ 617.0606(2), .0607(4)) |
Proceeding challenging expulsion, suspension, or termination, including defective notice, within 1 year after effective date (§ 617.0607(3)) |
| Georgia verified 2026-10-03 | Georgia Nonprofit Corporation Code, O.C.G.A. ch. 14-3; membership is optional (§ 14-3-603). |
Articles/bylaws may set admission criteria and different member rights or obligations; the authorized decision maker depends on the applicable procedure (§§ 14-3-601(a), 14-3-610, 14-3-621(2)(A)(ii)). |
Membership provisions specify admission with the person's consent, without a general transfer mechanism; check articles and bylaws (§ 14-3-601(a)-(c)). |
Written or electronic notice to corporation; effective on delivery unless later date stated or documents require reasonable advance notice (§ 14-3-620(a)). |
Absent express articles/bylaws exception or protected pre-1991 resolution, fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure for expulsion, suspension, or termination (§ 14-3-621(1)-(2)). |
Safe-harbor document procedure: at least 15 days' prior written notice and reasons; oral or written opportunity to be heard at least five days before action; special mail rule (§ 14-3-621(2)(A), (3)). |
Exit takes effect under the resignation or termination rule; corporation maintains a member record capable of showing names, addresses, class, and votes (§§ 14-3-620(a), 14-3-621(1), 14-3-1601(c)). |
Resignation does not erase specified charges, dues, contract, land, or other obligations; expelled or suspended member may owe dues, assessments, or fees from prior or continuing commitments (§§ 14-3-620(b), 14-3-621(5)). |
Proceeding challenging expulsion, suspension, termination, or defective notice must begin within one year after effective date (§ 14-3-621(4)). |
| Hawaii verified 2026-10-03 | Hawaii Nonprofit Corporations Act; a corporation need not have members (§§ 414D-14, -83) |
Articles/bylaws set admission and class rights; authorized person hears proposed individual exit; class-ending amendment needs class votes (§§ 414D-81, -84, -89(b), -89.5(d)) |
Members have equal transfer rights unless articles/bylaws establish classes with different rights; inspect documents for the actual right (§ 414D-84(a)) |
Membership rights and obligations derive from articles, bylaws, and chapter; inspect documents for voluntary exit terms (§ 414D-14) |
Fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure; class-ending amendment has separate notice and two-thirds votes cast by each class present (§§ 414D-89(a)-(b), -89.5) |
Document route: 15 days’ written reasons notice, response 5 days before effect; contextual alternative; mailed notice to recorded last known address (§ 414D-89(b)-(c)) |
Maintain member list by class and votes; statutory inspection entitlement is framed for members (§§ 414D-301(c), -302) |
Prior commitments may support dues, assessments, fees after expulsion or suspension; document or board resolution alone does not create liability (§§ 414D-86, -89(e)) |
Challenge individual exit within 1 year; foreclosure-based exit cannot be challenged by another proceeding; qualifying class amendment follows § 414D-89.5 (§§ 414D-89(d), (f), -89.5(e)) |
| Idaho verified 2026-10-03 | Idaho Nonprofit Corporation Act; ordinary corporation may lack members, cooperative excepted (§ 30-30-403) |
Articles/bylaws set admission and class rights; authorized person hears member under written exit procedure (§§ 30-30-401, -404, -409(2)) |
Documents may provide transfer rights; later restriction needs member and affected-member approval (§§ 30-30-404, -405) |
Member may resign at any time; earlier obligations survive; Title 42 also applies to covered water entities (§ 30-30-408) |
Fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure; religious-corporation members excepted (§ 30-30-409(1)) |
Document route: 15 days’ written reasons notice, response 5 days before effect; contextual alternative; first-class/certified mail (§ 30-30-409(2)-(3)) |
Member list by class and votes maintained; buyout possible on document terms subject to payment limit (§§ 30-30-410, -1101(3)) |
Earlier obligations survive resignation; expelled/suspended member may owe prior dues, assessments, fees (§§ 30-30-407, -408(2), -409(5)) |
Begin challenge, including defective-notice claim, within 1 year after effective action (§ 30-30-409(4)) |
| Illinois verified 2026-10-03 | 805 ILCS 105/107.03; nonprofit may have one or more member classes or none, as articles/bylaws state |
Articles/bylaws set class qualifications and rights; § 107.03 does not name a general exit decision maker |
For specified charitable, religious, benevolent, or educational assets, certificate transfer cannot pay transferor; violating transfer void (§ 107.03(e)) |
§ 107.03 addresses membership and classes but gives no general resignation method; check articles/bylaws |
§ 107.03 addresses membership and classes without a general expulsion or suspension procedure; check articles/bylaws |
§ 107.03 states no exit-specific advance notice or hearing schedule; check governing documents |
Keep voting-member names and addresses at registered/principal office; inspection right belongs to voting member (§ 107.75(a)) |
§ 107.03 does not allocate dues after exit; review the member’s governing terms and commitments |
§ 107.03 has no exit-challenge period or remedy; a dispute requires applicable-law review |
| Indiana verified 2026-10-03 | Nonprofit Corporation Act; members optional; fair exit rule covers public and mutual benefit corporations (§§ 23-17-7-3, -8-2(a)). |
Articles/bylaws may set admission criteria and class differences; decision maker can be one authorized to prevent exit (§§ 23-17-7-1, -7-4, -8-2(b)). |
No transfer of membership or related rights unless articles/bylaws allow; older issued membership restrictions need member and holder approval (§ 23-17-7-5). |
Member may resign at any time; pre-resignation obligations survive (§ 23-17-8-1). |
Public/mutual benefit member exit requires fair, reasonable, good faith procedure; nonpayment may be grounds (§§ 23-17-8-2(a), -7-7(a)). |
Document route: at least 15 days written reasons, response at least 5 days before exit; alternative fair procedure; mailed notice first-class/certified (§ 23-17-8-2(b)-(c)). |
Maintain alphabetical member list by class, address, and votes; mutual benefit buyout may follow documents (§§ 23-17-27-1(c), -8-3). |
Prior commitments survive resignation and may support dues after involuntary exit; dues provision alone creates no liability (§§ 23-17-8-1, -8-2(e), -7-7(a)). |
One year after effective expulsion, suspension, or termination, including defective-notice challenge (§ 23-17-8-2(d)). |
| Iowa verified 2026-10-03 | Revised Iowa Nonprofit Corporation Act; corporation need not have members (§ 504.603). |
Articles/bylaws may set different class rights; their termination rules lead for public/mutual benefit corporations (§§ 504.611, .622(1)–(2)). |
Mutual benefit: transfer only if articles/bylaws allow; public benefit/religious: no membership/right transfer (§ 504.612(1)–(3)). |
Member may resign at any time; earlier obligations/commitments survive (§ 504.621(1)–(2)). |
Public/mutual: articles/bylaws set reasons and manner; where silent, fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure (§ 504.622(1)–(3)). |
Document safe harbor: 15 days' written reasons notice and 5-day response; contextual route also allowed; specified first-class/certified mail (§ 504.622(3)–(4)). |
Corporation keeps member list by class with votes; class rights follow articles/bylaws (§§ 504.611, .1601(3)). |
Earlier obligations survive resignation or involuntary exit; dues resolution alone creates no liability (§§ 504.614, .621(2), .622(6)). |
Proceeding, including defective-notice challenge, begins within one year after effective exit (§ 504.622(5)). |
| Kansas verified 2026-10-03 | General Corporation Code nonstock rules; membership criteria in articles/bylaws; lack of members does not invalidate acts (§ 17-6002(a)(4)(B)(i)) |
Articles/bylaws set criteria, class rights/duties, and member powers; consult them for exit decision authority (§ 17-6002(a)(4)(B), (b)(1)) |
Membership rights and powers may be defined or limited in articles/bylaws; consult their transfer terms (§ 17-6002(a)(4)(B)(ii), (b)(1)) |
Membership conditions are stated in articles/bylaws; consult those terms for resignation (§ 17-6002(a)(4)(B)(i)) |
Membership conditions and member rights/duties are document-defined; consult them for grounds and actor (§ 17-6002(a)(4)(B), (b)(1)) |
Check document-defined membership conditions and member rights for any exit notice or response procedure (§ 17-6002(a)(4)(B), (b)(1)) |
Member vote defaults to one per member unless documents vary; record date defaults to meeting/action date unless varied (§ 17-6505(b), (f)) |
Articles/bylaws may set relative member duties; consult them and any separate commitment (§ 17-6002(a)(4)(B)(ii), (b)(1)) |
Assess the particular documents and claim; the cited membership conditions define status and rights (§ 17-6002(a)(4)(B)) |
| Kentucky verified 2026-10-03 | KRS 273.161–.390; a corporation may have member classes or no members (§§ 273.161(1), .187(1)). |
Articles/bylaws set classes, selection, qualifications and rights; bylaws govern internal affairs (§§ 273.187(1), .191). |
Membership rights come from articles/bylaws; review those terms for transfer (§§ 273.161(7), .187(1)). |
Consult articles/bylaws for exit terms; § 273.187(1) places membership qualifications and rights there. |
Consult articles/bylaws for suspension or termination terms and decision authority (§§ 273.187(1), .191). |
Document notice terms govern if consistent with the act; § 273.162 sets delivery/effectiveness rules for notices. |
Member rights follow articles/bylaws; corporation keeps names/addresses of voting members (§§ 273.187(1), .233). |
Consult document terms for dues; personal liability may arise from a member's own acts or conduct (§§ 273.187(1)–(2), .191). |
Member rights are document-defined; § 273.187(1) provides no specific exit-challenge clock. |
| Louisiana verified 2026-10-03 | Title 12 ch. 2; board members exercise member powers if corporation has no other members/shareholders (§ 12:217(C)). |
Articles/bylaws set classes, admission, retention, suspension and expulsion; rules reasonable, purpose-related, equally applied by class (§ 12:217(A)–(B)). |
Nonshare membership nontransferable/nonheritable unless articles provide otherwise; bylaws may regulate permitted transfer (§ 12:210(G)). |
Membership retention follows reasonable articles/bylaws rules; § 12:217(A) supplies document framework for a member’s exit. |
Articles/bylaws control; corporation may exclude member who violates reasonable, lawful rules; nonpayment cancellation may be authorized (§§ 12:210(H), :217(A), :218(C)). |
For nonpayment cancellation, articles/bylaws may provide reasonable notice (§ 12:218(C)); other exit rules must be reasonable and equally enforced (§ 12:217(A)). |
Termination and its date entered in membership record; record holder generally treated as rights holder unless documents vary (§§ 12:223(A), :210(I)). |
Articles/bylaws authorize dues/assessments and collection method; document terms govern payment on departure (§ 12:218(A)–(C)). |
§ 12:217(A) requires reasonable, germane and equally enforced exit rules; § 12:218(C) provides reasonable notice for authorized nonpayment cancellation. |
| Maine verified 2026-10-03 | Title 13-B nonprofit act; corporation may have classes or no members, stated in articles (§ 402(1)) |
Articles state each class’s selection, qualifications, rights; bylaws may regulate affairs consistently with articles (§§ 402(1), 601) |
Articles state class rights; § 402 does not prescribe an ordinary transfer method; inspect articles/bylaws (§§ 402(1), 601) |
Member and bylaw provisions leave the individual resignation procedure to governing terms (§§ 402(1), 601) |
Consult article class rights and consistent bylaws; no uniform exit threshold in §§ 402 and 601 |
No member-exit notice/hearing schedule in §§ 402 and 601; meeting notice is a separate question |
Articles define class rights; voting-member names/addresses recorded; inspection right is for voting members (§§ 402(1), 715(1)) |
Members not liable merely as members for corporate obligations; inspect actual dues commitments (§ 402(2)) |
No individual exit challenge period in cited member/bylaw provisions; review governing terms and applicable law (§§ 402, 601) |
| Maryland verified 2026-10-03 | Nonstock corporations under Title 5, Subtitle 2; general corporation law applies unless context or specific statute differs (§ 5-201). |
Charter/bylaws may set member classes, qualifications, rights, notice, and voting allocation (§ 5-202(b)). |
§ 5-202(b)(4) places member rights in charter/bylaws; cited nonstock sections state no general transfer mechanism. |
§ 5-205 recognizes a member resignation and preserves the corporation despite a resulting membership shortfall; method comes from governing documents. |
§ 5-202(b) permits document rules on member qualifications and voting; cited nonstock sections state no general expulsion vote or procedure. |
Charter/bylaws may prescribe member-meeting notice (§ 5-202(b)(5)); cited provisions give no exit-specific notice or hearing schedule. |
Memberless directors act as members (§ 5-204); documents allocate rights and votes (§ 5-202(b)). |
§§ 5-201–205 do not specify whether dues or earlier commitments end on resignation or termination; review documents. |
No expulsion challenge deadline is stated in §§ 5-201–205; other applicable law may govern a dispute. |
| Massachusetts verified 2026-10-03 | Chapter 180 corporation may have member classes or no members; memberless votes shift to directors (ch. 180, § 3). |
Articles/bylaws set class duration and rights; expulsion needs the statutory member vote (ch. 180, §§ 3, 18). |
Ch. 180 § 10C adapts incorporated stock and transfer-record provisions; § 3 assigns class rights to articles/bylaws. |
Ch. 180 § 3 places duration of membership in articles/bylaws; consult them for voluntary exit terms. |
Expulsion needs at least majority of all members AND three-quarters present and voting (ch. 180, § 18). |
Bylaws set meeting procedure under § 6A; § 18 states vote floors without a fixed notice lead time or hearing format. |
§ 18 gives every member and anyone with an interest in corporate funds book-and-record examination rights. |
Ch. 180 §§ 3, 18 address membership duration and expulsion vote, without an exit-specific dues release. |
§ 18 sets vote floors but states no fixed statutory period to challenge an expulsion. |
| Michigan verified 2026-10-03 | Michigan Nonprofit Corporation Act; distinguish corporations organized on membership and directorship bases (§§ 450.2304–.2305). |
Articles/bylaws can set member classes and rights; membership rules must be reasonable, purpose-related, equally enforced; directorship-basis board controls member actions (§§ 450.2304(1)-(2), (7), 450.2305(2)). |
Membership is nontransferable unless Act, articles, or bylaws otherwise provide (§ 450.2304(6)). |
Resignation terminates membership by default; § 450.2304(6) states no universal form or notice period. |
Default end events: death, resignation, expulsion, term expiration; expulsion rules must be reasonable, germane, equally enforced; dues nonpayment may trigger document-based termination (§§ 450.2304(6)-(8), 450.2311). |
§ 450.2304(7) supplies rule-quality and equal-enforcement standards, not a fixed notice or hearing schedule; directorship-basis members lack statutory notice/vote on exclusion (§ 450.2305(1)). |
Corporation keeps record of member names, addresses, classes, and admission dates; member-of-record inspection route applies only while membership status exists (§§ 450.2485, 450.2487(2)). |
Bylaws may set dues as admission/retention condition and authorize termination for nonpayment; a membership subscription must be written and signed to be enforceable (§§ 450.2311, 450.2307(1)). |
§§ 450.2304–.2305 give no special member-expulsion challenge period; evaluate any dispute under the applicable documents and law. |
| Minnesota verified 2026-10-03 | Chapter 317A; corporation may have no members, including when articles/bylaws make no provision (§ 317A.401, subd. 1). |
Articles/bylaws govern admission and classes; expulsion decision maker must be authorized to prevent action (§§ 317A.401, subds. 2, 4; .411, subd. 2). |
Membership and related rights nontransferable unless articles/bylaws allow; later restriction needs members’ and affected member’s approval (§ 317A.405). |
Member may resign at any time; statute prescribes no fixed notice form, and existing charges remain (§ 317A.409). |
Fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure required; fixed-term expiration excluded; documents may provide nonpayment cancellation on reasonable notice (§§ 317A.411, subd. 1; .407, subd. 2(c)). |
One fair-procedure route gives written reasons ≥15 days ahead and response chance ≥5 days ahead; contextual fairness also qualifies (§ 317A.411, subd. 2). |
Membership term may be fixed in articles/bylaws; member inspection rights apply to a member, with proper purpose (§§ 317A.401, subd. 4; .461, subd. 2). |
Resignation or involuntary exit does not discharge dues, assessments, fees, or goods/services charges owed to corporation (§§ 317A.409, .411, subd. 4). |
Challenge, including defective notice, must begin within 1 year after effective exit date (§ 317A.411, subd. 3). |
| Mississippi verified 2026-10-03 | Mississippi Nonprofit Corporation Act; members optional (§ 79-11-175) |
Articles/bylaws set admission and class differences; authorized person hears member under document route (§§ 79-11-171, -177, -189(2)(a)) |
No membership or resulting-right transfer unless articles/bylaws permit; later restriction needs affected member approval (§ 79-11-179) |
Member may resign at any time; obligations to corporation remain (§ 79-11-187) |
Fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure for expulsion, suspension, or termination (§ 79-11-189(1)) |
Document route: 15 days’ written reasons notice and hearing 5 days before effect; contextual alternative; first-class/certified mail (§ 79-11-189(2)-(3)) |
Meeting list identifies members entitled to notice/vote; corporation may purchase departing membership on document terms (§§ 79-11-191, -213(1)) |
Resignation preserves obligations; expelled/suspended member may owe dues, assessments, or fees (§§ 79-11-183, -187(2), -189(5)) |
Begin challenge, including defective-notice claim, within 1 year after effective action (§ 79-11-189(4)) |
| Missouri verified 2026-10-03 | Chapter 355 nonprofit corporation; members optional; church and church associations excluded from § 355.211 procedure. |
Articles/bylaws set admission and class differences; fair-procedure response goes to person authorized to stop exit (§§ 355.181, .186, .211). |
Public benefit membership nontransferable; mutual benefit transfer only if documents allow, with prior-holder protection (§ 355.191). |
Member may resign at any time; pre-resignation obligations remain (§ 355.206). |
Public/mutual benefit exit requires fair, reasonable, good faith procedure; amenity-use restriction alone is not member suspension (§ 355.211(1)). |
Document route: 15-day written reasons, chance to be heard 5 days before exit; contextual fair route; mailed notice first-class/certified (§ 355.211(2)-(3)). |
Keep member list by class, address, votes; public benefit cannot buy membership, mutual benefit may buy on document terms (§§ 355.821(3), .216). |
Prior resignation obligations survive; dues authorization alone does not create liability (§§ 355.206, .197(2)). |
Challenge including defective notice within one year after effective expulsion, suspension, or termination (§ 355.211(4)). |
| Montana verified 2026-10-03 | Montana nonprofit act; corporation may have no members; transfer and exit rules distinguish entity type (§§ 35-2-512, -514, -520) |
Articles/bylaws may set admission and classes; authorized decision maker hears proposed exit under document route (§§ 35-2-510, -513, -520(2)) |
Mutual benefit: no transfer unless documents allow; public benefit/religious: no transfer; existing right protected from later restriction (§ 35-2-514) |
Member may resign at any time; earlier obligations and commitments survive (§ 35-2-519) |
Public/mutual benefit: fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure; religious corporation excluded from this section’s rule (§ 35-2-520(1)) |
Document route: 15 days’ written reasons notice, hearing 5 days before effect; contextual alternative; mail or recorded authenticated electronic ID (§ 35-2-520(2)-(3)) |
Meeting list identifies members entitled to notice/vote; mutual benefit buyout possible on document terms; public/religious buyout barred (§§ 35-2-535(1), -522) |
Resignation leaves earlier obligations; expelled/suspended member may owe prior dues, assessments, fees; document/board levy alone creates no liability (§§ 35-2-517, -519(2), -520(5)) |
Begin public/mutual benefit exit challenge, including defective notice, within 1 year after effective action (§ 35-2-520(4)) |
| Nebraska verified 2026-10-03 | Nebraska Nonprofit Corporation Act; corporation need not have members (§ 21-1940) |
Articles/bylaws set admission and class differences; authorized person hears member under written procedure (§§ 21-1938, -1941, -1947(b)(1)) |
Mutual benefit: permission in documents; public benefit/religious: no transfer; later restriction needs affected member approval (§ 21-1942) |
Member may resign at any time; earlier obligations/commitments remain (§ 21-1946) |
Public/mutual benefit: fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure (§ 21-1947(a)) |
Document route: 15 days’ written reasons notice, hearing 5 days before effect; contextual alternative; first-class/certified mail (§ 21-1947(b)-(c)) |
Member record supports class-by-class voting list; mutual benefit buyout may follow document terms (§§ 21-19,165(c), -1948(b)) |
Earlier obligations survive resignation; expelled/suspended member may owe prior dues, assessments, fees (§§ 21-1944, -1946(b), -1947(e)) |
Begin challenge, including defective-notice claim, within 1 year after effective action (§ 21-1947(d)) |
| Nevada verified 2026-10-03 | Chapter 82; corporation may have members or none (§ 82.231(1)) |
Articles/bylaws govern qualifications and rights; articles may establish classes; authorized decision maker hears member (§§ 82.231(2), (4), 82.251(2)(b)) |
No transfer of membership or resulting right unless articles/bylaws provide; later restriction needs affected member approval (§ 82.236) |
Generally any time unless documents vary; property-linked and member-only utility members cannot use default route (§ 82.246) |
Fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure; fixed-term expiry excepted; documents may permit cancellation for unpaid dues on reasonable notice (§§ 82.241(4), 82.251(1)) |
Fairness under circumstances, or 15 days’ prior written reasons plus oral/written hearing at least 5 days before effect (§ 82.251(2)) |
Annual members’ ledger lists current members and class; membership rights depend on articles/bylaws (§§ 82.181(1)(c), 82.231(4)) |
Resignation or involuntary exit does not discharge owed dues, assessments, fees, or goods/services charges (§§ 82.246(1), 82.251(4)) |
Start challenge, including defective-notice claim, within 1 year after effective date (§ 82.251(3)) |
| New Hampshire verified 2026-10-03 | RSA chapter 292; corporation may have members or none, and has none absent an article/bylaw provision (§ 292:6-b(I)) |
Articles address membership criteria and procedures; bylaws may manage affairs; documents set classes and votes (§§ 292:2(II-a), 292:6, 292:6-b(III)) |
No general Chapter 292 transfer default; inspect article/bylaw rights and certificate provisions (§§ 292:2(V), 292:6) |
Inspect article membership procedure and bylaw rules; Chapter 292 sets no general resignation method (§§ 292:2(II-a), 292:6) |
Inspect article membership procedure and bylaw rules; chapter has no general ordinary-member exit threshold (§§ 292:2(II-a), 292:6) |
No general Chapter 292 exit notice or hearing schedule; inspect article/bylaw procedure (§§ 292:2(II-a), 292:6) |
Documents may fix membership term and voting rights; no vote unless articles/bylaws grant it (§ 292:6-b(III)) |
Chapter authorizes assessment of dues/fees; inspect governing terms for accrued obligations (§ 292:8(III)) |
No general Chapter 292 member-exit challenge period; determine any remedy under applicable law and documents (§§ 292:2(II-a), 292:6) |
| New Jersey verified 2026-10-03 | New Jersey Nonprofit Corporation Act, Title 15A; a certificate may provide for members (§ 15A:2-10(b)). |
Certificate and bylaws can alter transfer default; Title 15A provisions cited here do not select a universal exit decision maker (§§ 15A:2-10, 15A:7-2(a)). |
Membership is personal property, nontransferable by default; authorized transfers may face reasonable documented restrictions (§ 15A:7-2(a)-(c)). |
The cited membership and transfer provisions do not set a resignation notice form or effective-time rule; consult certificate, bylaws, and applicable law (§§ 15A:2-10, 15A:7-2). |
§ 15A:7-2(a) specifies death termination by default; the cited provisions do not prescribe a general expulsion or suspension process. |
No expulsion-specific advance-notice or hearing timetable in the cited membership and transfer provisions; apply the governing documents and other law (§§ 15A:2-10, 15A:7-2). |
Corporation keeps member names, addresses, classes/series and admission dates; statutory inspection route belongs to qualifying members of record (§ 15A:5-24(a), (c)). |
Member liability to corporation reaches unpaid lawfully imposed dues or assessments and other indebtedness (§ 15A:5-25(b)). |
§ 15A:7-2(d) gives a corporation a 30-day purchase option after a transfer restriction is set aside; the cited provisions state no special expulsion challenge period. |
| New Mexico verified 2026-10-03 | Nonprofit Corporation Act; corporation may have one or more member classes or none (§§ 53-8-2(F), -11) |
Articles/bylaws state class designation, selection method, qualifications, and rights; bylaws regulate affairs (§§ 53-8-11, -12(A)) |
Membership rights derive from articles/bylaws; review their transfer terms (§§ 53-8-2(F), -11) |
Review document-defined membership rights and bylaws for resignation terms (§§ 53-8-2(F), -11, -12(A)) |
Review articles/bylaws for class rights, qualifications, and governing procedure (§§ 53-8-11, -12(A)) |
Review governing documents for exit process; statutory 10–50-day notice addresses member meetings (§§ 53-8-12(A), -14(A)) |
Voting rights follow documents; corporation keeps record of voting members’ names and addresses (§§ 53-8-15(A), -27) |
Review governing-document membership terms and any separate commitment (§§ 53-8-2(F), -11, -12(A)) |
Consult document-defined membership rights and the particular claim (§§ 53-8-2(F), -11) |
| New York verified 2026-10-03 | N.Y. N-PCL § 601; charitable corporation may have no members; member corporation ordinarily needs at least 3 persons |
Certificate/bylaws define classes and rights; board resolution may do so if bylaws allow; exit actor depends on documents (§§ 601(b), 602(f)) |
Membership certificate/card itself cannot transfer; if documents allow membership transfer, surrender old card and issue new one (§ 601(d)) |
Resignation ends membership by default; method and any different treatment follow certificate/bylaws (§ 601(e)) |
Expulsion is a listed termination event; exit terms follow certificate/bylaws; § 601(e) gives no suspension procedure |
§ 601(e) lists termination events without an exit notice or hearing schedule; check certificate/bylaws (§ 602(f)) |
Class voting follows documents; corporation keeps member record; § 621(b) inspection requires 6 months’ immediate prior record membership (§§ 612, 621) |
§ 601(e) identifies exit events without discharging existing dues or promises; review governing terms and commitments |
§ 601(e) lists exit events without a specific challenge clock or remedy; review documents and applicable law |
| North Carolina verified 2026-10-03 | Chapter 55A nonprofit corporations may have one or more member classes or no members (§ 55A-6-01(a)). |
Articles or bylaws govern membership qualifications, rights, obligations, and exit method; no universal exit decision maker stated (§ 55A-6-20). |
Articles or bylaws may specify transferability or nontransferability; no blanket statutory transfer default in § 55A-6-20(6). |
Member may resign at any time; § 55A-6-30 does not prescribe a delivery form or effective-date rule. |
Expulsion, suspension, and membership termination require a fair and reasonable manner carried out in good faith (§ 55A-6-31(a)). |
§ 55A-6-31(a) requires fairness, reasonableness, and good faith; it states no fixed advance-notice or hearing timetable. |
Articles/bylaws may specify rights and obligations on termination; maintain a member record by name, address, class, and voting power (§§ 55A-6-20(5), 55A-16-01(c)). |
Resignation preserves prior obligations and commitments; expulsion or suspension can leave prior dues, assessments, and fees (§§ 55A-6-30(b), 55A-6-31(c)). |
Challenge to expulsion, suspension, or termination must begin within one year after the member receives notice (§ 55A-6-31(b)). |
| North Dakota verified 2026-10-03 | N.D.C.C. ch. 10-33; corporation may have classes or no members; no member provision means no members (§ 10-33-57(1)) |
Articles/bylaws may set classes, qualifications, withdrawal and expulsion procedure; authorized decision maker hears response (§§ 10-33-26(1), 10-33-62(2)) |
Neither membership nor rights transfer unless articles/bylaws allow; later restriction needs members’ and affected member’s approval (§ 10-33-59) |
Member may resign at any time; § 10-33-61 sets no required notice form; existing obligations survive |
Fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure; fixed-term expiration excepted; dues nonpayment cancellation may be provided on reasonable notice (§§ 10-33-60(3), -62(1)) |
One fair-procedure route: written reasons at least 15 days ahead; oral/written response to authorized decider at least 5 days ahead; contextual fairness alternative (§ 10-33-62(2)) |
Member inspection right applies while a member; corporation may buy resigned/terminated membership only if articles/bylaws authorize (§§ 10-33-63, -80(2)) |
Resignation or involuntary exit does not erase dues, assessments, fees, or goods/services charges (§§ 10-33-61, -62(4)) |
Challenge, including defective-notice claim, within 1 year after effective exit date (§ 10-33-62(3)) |
| Ohio verified 2026-10-03 | Ohio nonprofit corporation law; members hold rights under articles or regulations (§§ 1702.01(G), 1702.13). |
Regulations may set membership qualifications, exit, discipline, dues, classes, and rights; consult the articles and regulations for the decision maker (§§ 1702.11(A)(2)-(4), 1702.13(G)). |
The membership provision specifies termination and member rights, without a transfer procedure; consult the articles and regulations (§§ 1702.11(A)(4), 1702.13). |
Regulations may provide for voluntary withdrawal; termination follows law, articles, or regulations (§§ 1702.11(A)(2), 1702.13(C)). |
Regulations may cover censure, suspension, and termination; § 1702.13(C) defers termination manner to law, articles, or regulations. |
The cited membership provisions set no fixed advance-notice or hearing schedule; check the corporation's articles and regulations (§§ 1702.11(A)(2), 1702.13(C)). |
Record the fact and date of termination; member rights and privileges cease unless articles or regulations provide otherwise (§ 1702.13(C)-(D)). |
Regulations may address member fees and dues; the cited exit provision does not settle prior balances (§§ 1702.11(A)(3), 1702.13(C)-(D)). |
The cited membership provisions give no special challenge period or review route; resolve any dispute under the applicable documents and law (§§ 1702.11(A)(2), 1702.13(C)). |
| Oklahoma verified 2026-10-03 | General Corporation Act covers nonprofit nonstock corporations; failure to have members does not undo acts or dissolve corporation (§§ 1004.1(A), 1006(A)(4)). |
Certificate/bylaws set membership conditions and classes; governing body holds bylaw power, certificate may add member power (§§ 1006(A)(4), 1013(A)). |
Check certificate/bylaws for member-status transfer; nonprofit nonstock has no statutory economic membership interests (§§ 1006(A)(4), 1004.1(D)(3)). |
Consult certificate/bylaws for exit terms; § 1006(A)(4) places membership conditions there. |
Consult membership conditions and bylaws for grounds, actor and procedure (§§ 1006(A)(4), 1013(B)). |
Exit notice/hearing terms depend on membership conditions; § 1006(A)(4) supplies document framework. |
Class voting rights may vary; absent membership criteria, governing-body electors are deemed members (§§ 1006(A)(4), 1060(B)). |
Inspect certificate/bylaws for dues or prior commitments under membership conditions (§§ 1006(A)(4), 1013(B)). |
Membership-condition rule in § 1006(A)(4) does not specify an exit-challenge period. |
| Oregon verified 2026-10-03 | ORS ch. 65; articles must state that corporation has members, or it has none (§ 65.137). |
Articles/bylaws may create classes with different rights and obligations; authorized decision maker hears proposed exit (§§ 65.144(1), .167(2)). |
No transfer unless articles/bylaws allow; public/religious member generally cannot transfer for value (§ 65.147(1)–(3)). |
Member may resign at any time; prior obligations/commitments remain (§ 65.164(1)–(2)). |
Public/mutual benefit: fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure; nonpayment can be grounds without hearing (§§ 65.154, .167(1)–(2)). |
Document safe harbor: 15-day reasons notice, 5-day oral/written response to authorized person; contextual fairness also allowed (§§ 65.034, .167(2)). |
Membership rights depend on class; corporation keeps a current member list and rights resolutions (§§ 65.144, .771(3), (5)). |
Resignation preserves earlier obligations/commitments; expelled or suspended member may owe prior dues, assessments, fees (§§ 65.154, .164(2), .167(4)). |
Proceeding, including defective-notice challenge, begins within one year after effective exit (§ 65.167(3)). |
| Pennsylvania verified 2026-10-03 | 15 Pa.C.S. chs. 55, 57; member-adopted bylaws control membership; memberless corporation uses board/other body (§ 5751) |
Member-adopted bylaws set classes and admission, retention, suspension, expulsion; rules reasonable, purpose-related, equal within class (§ 5751) |
Default no membership or rights transfer unless bylaws allow; stock shares also default nontransferable (§§ 5769(d), 5752(d)) |
Withdrawal is recognized; termination method is in member-adopted bylaws (§§ 5768, 5769(a)) |
Expulsion needs bylaw-form notice, trial and conviction; dues nonpayment can lead to bylaw termination on reasonable notice (§§ 5769(b), 5544(c)) |
Expulsion: notice and bylaw-prescribed proceeding, no fixed days in § 5769(b); nonpayment: reasonable notice (§ 5544(c)) |
Voting and property interests cease on exit unless bylaws vary; corporation keeps membership register (§§ 5769(c), 5508(a)) |
Bylaw authority needed to levy dues/assessments; dues may trigger termination for nonpayment; § 5544 does not settle prior balance discharge |
Reasonableness and equal-enforcement limits in § 5751; § 5769 prescribes procedure but no express challenge clock or remedy |
| Rhode Island verified 2026-10-03 | Rhode Island Nonprofit Corporation Act; corporation may have classes or no members (§ 7-6-15) |
Articles/bylaws state class selection, qualifications, rights; bylaws may manage affairs consistently with law/articles (§§ 7-6-15, -16) |
Member rights stated in articles/bylaws; § 7-6-15 permits certificates but sets no ordinary transfer method |
Check class terms in articles/bylaws; §§ 7-6-15 and -16 state no general resignation method |
Check articles/bylaws for class rights and management procedure; §§ 7-6-15 and -16 state no uniform exit vote |
No individual exit notice/hearing timetable in cited member/bylaw provisions (§§ 7-6-15, -16) |
Voting-member address record kept; § 7-6-30 inspection route is framed for members |
Member not liable merely as member for corporation’s obligations; specific dues commitments require separate review (§ 7-6-15) |
No individual exit challenge period in cited member/bylaw provisions; review governing terms and applicable law (§§ 7-6-15, -16) |
| South Carolina verified 2026-10-03 | Chapter 31; corporation need not have members; benefit/religious types differ on transfer and exit procedure (§§ 33-31-603, -611, -621). |
Articles/bylaws may set admission and classes; authorized person decides proposed expulsion under document procedure (§§ 33-31-601, -610, -621(b)). |
Mutual benefit: default no transfer unless articles/bylaws authorize; public benefit/religious: no transfer (§ 33-31-611). |
Member may resign at any time; prior obligations/commitments survive (§ 33-31-620). |
Public/mutual benefit member: fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure; § 33-31-621(a) does not cover religious corporation. |
One fair route: written reasons ≥15 days ahead, response ≥5 days ahead; contextual fairness alternative; mailed notice first-class/certified (§ 33-31-621(b)–(c)). |
Member record permits list by class, address and votes; § 33-31-621 does not itself specify continued rights after exit (§ 33-31-1601(c)). |
Resignation leaves earlier commitments; expelled/suspended member may owe earlier dues, assessments, fees (§§ 33-31-620(b), -621(e)). |
Challenge, including defective notice, begins within 1 year after effective action (§ 33-31-621(d)). |
| South Dakota verified 2026-10-03 | South Dakota nonprofit corporation law; corporation may have member classes or no members (§ 47-23-1) |
Articles/bylaws state each class’s qualifications and rights; bylaws may regulate affairs consistently with law/articles (§§ 47-23-1, 47-22-33) |
Membership certificates may evidence status; check class terms for transfer conditions (§ 47-23-1) |
Check articles/bylaws for membership qualifications and exit terms; § 47-23-1 states no individual resignation method |
Check articles/bylaws for class rights and procedure; § 47-23-1 states no general expulsion vote |
No individual exit notice or hearing timetable in cited member-class provision; check governing terms (§ 47-23-1) |
Articles/bylaws may change voting rights; voting-member name/address record required; inspection route belongs to a member (§§ 47-23-8, 47-24-1, -2) |
Member not liable merely as member on corporate obligations; check separate dues commitments (§ 47-23-2) |
No individual exit challenge period in cited member-class provision; review governing terms and applicable law (§ 47-23-1) |
| Tennessee verified 2026-10-04 | Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 48-56-103, -201–202, -204, -301–302; nonprofit may have no members; exit rules apply when it does |
Charter/bylaws may establish classes, transfer rights, and fair exit procedure; § 48-56-302 names authorized decision maker but no fixed board-vote threshold |
Membership and rights nontransferable unless charter/bylaws authorize; later restriction needs member and affected-member approval for existing rights (§ 48-56-202) |
Member may resign at any time; § 48-56-301 states no prescribed notice or form and preserves obligations to corporation |
Unless charter provides removal/termination without cause, fair and reasonable good-faith procedure required; nonpayment may support suspension or termination (§§ 48-56-204(b), -302(a)) |
Document procedure route: at least 15 days' written reasons and hearing opportunity at least 5 days before effective date; alternatively contextual fairness; mailed notice first class/certified to record address (§ 48-56-302(b), (d)) |
§ 48-56-302 distinguishes suspension from expulsion/termination; it states no separate public filing or member-record update step |
Resignation preserves prior obligations; dues liability requires member's express/implied consent; expelled/suspended member may still owe dues (§§ 48-56-204, -301(b), -302(f)) |
Challenge, including defective-notice claim, must start within 1 year after effective date (§ 48-56-302(e)); statute does not predetermine merits |
| Texas verified 2026-10-03 | Tex. Bus. Orgs. Code ch. 22; corporation may have members in one or more classes or no members (§ 22.151) |
Certificate/bylaws must set each class, admission method, qualifications, and rights; exit decision maker follows those documents (§ 22.151) |
Membership rights and any instrument evidencing them are governed by certificate/bylaws (§ 22.151); chapter 22 gives no transfer formula |
Consult certificate/bylaws for resignation and its effect; § 22.151 assigns membership qualifications and rights to those documents |
Consult certificate/bylaws for grounds and procedure; § 22.151 assigns membership qualifications and rights to those documents |
Check certificate/bylaws for member-exit notice and hearing; § 22.151 sets no exit-specific notice clock |
Voting rights depend on member class and documents; voting-member meeting list and inspection rights attach to members (§§ 22.160, 22.158, 22.351) |
Check governing documents and commitments; § 22.151 does not state whether dues or promises survive exit |
No exit-challenge period stated in chapter 22 membership provision (§ 22.151); a dispute needs document and other-law review |
| Utah verified 2026-10-03 | Utah Revised Nonprofit Corporation Act; members optional, voting/nonvoting classes allowed (§§ 16-6a-601, -602). |
Bylaws may set classes, qualifications and rights; bylaw or board policy may set fair exit procedure (§§ 16-6a-602, -609(2)). |
No membership/right transfer unless articles/bylaws allow; earlier issued right protected against later restriction; water-company exception (§ 16-6a-606). |
Member may resign at any time unless bylaws vary; prior obligations/commitments survive (§ 16-6a-608). |
Unless bylaws vary, fair and reasonable procedure; contextual fairness or written notice/response route (§ 16-6a-609(1)–(2)). |
Written-policy route: 15 days' written reasons notice, hearing opportunity 5 days before effect; mailed notice by first-class/certified mail (§ 16-6a-609(2)–(3)). |
Class rights from bylaws; corporation maintains member record by class with voting count (§§ 16-6a-602, -1601(3)). |
Resignation preserves prior obligations; expelled/suspended member may owe earlier dues, assessments, fees unless bylaws vary (§§ 16-6a-608(2), -609(5)). |
Unless bylaws vary, challenge including defective notice starts within one year after effective action (§ 16-6a-609(4)). |
| Vermont verified 2026-10-03 | 11B V.S.A. nonprofit corporation law; corporation need not have members (§ 6.03) |
Articles/bylaws may create different member classes; specified notice route uses a person authorized to stop proposed exit (§§ 6.20, 6.31(b)(1)(B)) |
Public benefit: no transfer; mutual benefit: only if articles/bylaws allow; later restriction needs members’ and affected member’s approval (§ 6.21) |
Member may resign at any time; § 6.30 prescribes no signed-form or advance interval |
Procedure must be fair, reasonable, and in good faith; either statutory document-based route or contextual fairness route (§ 6.31(a)-(b)) |
Document route: 15 days’ prior written reasons and response at least 5 days before effect; alternate route depends on circumstances; mailed notice first-class/certified (§ 6.31(b)-(c)) |
Corporation maintains member/vote list; statutory inspection route addresses a member; check status and governing terms after exit (§§ 16.01(c), 16.02(a)) |
Resignation preserves obligations to corporation; expelled/suspended member may owe earlier dues, assessments, or fees (§§ 6.30(b), 6.31(e)) |
Challenge expulsion, suspension, or termination, including defective notice, within 1 year after effective date (§ 6.31(d)) |
| Virginia verified 2026-10-03 | Nonstock Corporation Act; one or more member classes or no members (§ 13.1-837). |
Articles set class rights; bylaws may do so if articles authorize (§ 13.1-837). |
Membership interests are nontransferable under current law (§ 13.1-837). |
Current § 13.1-837 states membership rights, not a resignation method; 2027 § 13.1-837.2(B) allows a document provision. |
Current § 13.1-837 does not prescribe an exit procedure; document-based rule begins Jan. 1, 2027 (§ 13.1-837.2(A)). |
No notice or hearing method is specified in current § 13.1-837; check governing documents. |
Member rights come from articles or authorized bylaws; maintain a member record by class (§§ 13.1-837, 13.1-932(C)). |
Current § 13.1-837 gives no exit-specific dues rule; prior commitments survive under 2027 § 13.1-837.2(D). |
Current § 13.1-837 gives no challenge period; 2027 § 13.1-837.2(C) sets one year from effective exit. |
| Washington verified 2026-10-03 | Nonprofit Corporation Act; members or no members; post-2021 articles must state membership (§ 24.03A.315). |
Articles/bylaws set classes and rights; exit manner in documents; board bylaw changes may require affected-class approval (§§ 24.03A.345, .375, .695). |
No transfer of membership or related rights unless articles, bylaws, or board resolution allow (§ 24.03A.350). |
Member may resign at any time; prior commitments remain (§ 24.03A.370). |
Documents set grounds/manner; no-contact route; default two-thirds admitting-body vote; court may order termination (§ 24.03A.375). |
No-contact route: request with warning, 90-day response option, undeliverable-mail option, or six-week publication option (§ 24.03A.375(2)). |
Member rights are document/statute-based; maintain name, address, class and vote record (§§ 24.03A.340, .210(4)). |
Prior commitments survive resignation, termination, or suspension; documents may use exit to collect dues (§§ 24.03A.360, .370, .375). |
Challenge termination or suspension within one year of its effective date (§ 24.03A.375(5)). |
| West Virginia verified 2026-10-03 | Nonprofit Corporation Act; corporation may have members or none; articles identify classes (§ 31E-6-601) |
Bylaws govern admission, retention, withdrawal, expulsion; reasonable, purpose-related, equally enforced (§ 31E-6-602(a)) |
No voluntary or involuntary transfer of membership or related rights unless articles/bylaws allow (§ 31E-6-602(d)) |
Bylaw withdrawal rules; default membership ends on voluntary withdrawal (§ 31E-6-602(a), (e)) |
Bylaw expulsion rules must be reasonable, germane, equally enforced; default termination on expulsion (§ 31E-6-602(a), (e)) |
Follow reasonable, purpose-related, equally enforced bylaw procedure (§ 31E-6-602(a)) |
Default: rights and privileges in corporation and property cease on death, withdrawal, or expulsion (§ 31E-6-602(e)) |
Member liable for duly imposed fines and assented or properly levied dues/assessments; review accrued balances (§§ 31E-6-603, -604(a)) |
Assess bylaw rules against reasonable, germane, equal-enforcement standard (§ 31E-6-602(a)) |
| Wisconsin verified 2026-10-03 | Chapter 181 nonstock corporations may have no members (§ 181.0603); § 181.0620 applies member exit. |
Articles/bylaws may set classes; expulsion manner in articles or authorized bylaws; default two-thirds voting members or directors (§§ 181.0610, .0620(2)). |
Membership and related rights nontransferable unless articles/bylaws authorize; later restriction needs member and holder approval (§ 181.0611). |
Voluntary withdrawal ends membership and its rights unless articles provide otherwise (§ 181.0620(1)). |
Articles/authorized bylaws govern; otherwise two-thirds of voting members, or two-thirds of directors if no voting members (§ 181.0620(2)). |
§ 181.0620(2) states document-based manner or default vote, with no fixed advance notice or hearing schedule in that section. |
After death, withdrawal, or expulsion, member rights in corporation/property cease by default (§ 181.0620(1)). |
Expelled or suspended member may owe dues from prior obligations; dues authorization alone does not create liability (§§ 181.0620(3), .0613). |
§ 181.0620 states no fixed period for challenging an expulsion or suspension; other applicable law may matter. |
| Wyoming verified 2026-10-03 | Wyoming Nonprofit Corporation Act; no members required; public, mutual, and religious types distinguished (§§ 17-19-603, -611, -621(a)) |
Articles/bylaws may establish differing member classes; document-based exit route uses person empowered to stop proposed exit (§§ 17-19-610, -621(b)(i)(B)) |
Public/religious: no transfer; mutual: articles/bylaws may allow; later restriction requires members’ and affected member’s approval (§ 17-19-611) |
Member may resign at any time; resignation section prescribes no signed form or lead time (§ 17-19-620(a)) |
Public/mutual: fair, reasonable, good-faith procedure; document-based notice/response route or contextual fairness route (§ 17-19-621(a)-(b)) |
Document route: 15 days’ prior written reasons, hearing chance 5 days before effect; other fair route possible; mailed notice first class with return receipt (§ 17-19-621(b)-(c)) |
Corporation keeps class-sorted member/vote record; statutory inspection right addresses a member (§§ 17-19-1601(c), -1602(a)) |
Resignation preserves prior obligations; expelled/suspended member may owe earlier dues, assessments, or fees; liability needs consent/acquiescence (§§ 17-19-613, -620(b), -621(e)) |
Public/mutual exit challenge, including defective notice, within 1 year after effective date (§ 17-19-621(a), (d)) |
All 51 jurisdictions verified. Each state page shows the statute text and verification date behind its row.
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