42 U.S.C. § 2000e

Section 2000e(b) includes a school district as an employer and its school board members as employers when they act as the district’s agents.

Hutchison v. Lake Oswego School District No. 7 · filed 1974-04-25(b)

Defendant School District is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e. The School Board members are the agents of the School District and thus are employers.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer can cover entities that control access to work despite lacking a traditional employment relationship with the worker.

Puntolillo v. New Hampshire Racing Commission · filed 1974-05-17(b)

Defendants here are certainly employers within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b); and they certainly “control . . . access to [plaintiff’s] job market.”

Section 2000e’s definition of “employer” limits which contractors may be ordered to meet hiring quotas, even when other contractors are joined as necessary parties.

United States v. Masonry Contractors Ass'n · filed 1974-06-11(b)

Such relief is proper as to those contractors who were found to be “employers”, as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e. However, such relief may not be granted against those contractors who were joined as necessary parties under Rule 19(a), but who do not meet the criteria of an employer, as established in § 2000e. Since the statute does not cover such contractors, such relief as to them was not proper.

Section 2000e’s definition of employer covers an employer in an industry affecting commerce.

Doctors Hospital, Inc. v. Recio · filed 1974-07-16(b)

Plaintiff is an employer in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of Title VII of the Federal Civil Rights Act. As such, plaintiff is subject to said Act.

Section 2000e(b) includes an employer’s agent within the definition of employer, allowing Title VII liability to extend to a company’s retirement fund as its agent.

Chastang v. Flynn and Emrich Company · filed 1974-07-25(b)

The fund was not the employer of the plaintiffs; the defendant company, Flynn and Emrich, was. As such the liability to the plaintiffs imposed by Title VII, for the reasons set forth in the prior opinions herein, ... extends to Flynn and Emrich Company as well as to the retirement fund itself as an agent of the company within the meaning of the Act.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of “employer” excludes the federal government.

Helen Ann BOWERS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. D. C. CAMPBELL Et Al., Defendants-Appellees · filed 1974-10-24(b)

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (42 U.S.C. 2000e) was not otherwise available to Bowers because the federal government is not included within the definition of 'employer' under the Act.

Section 2000e’s definitions cover an airline worker as an employee, the airline as an employer, and the worker’s union as a labor organization.

Wells v. Frontier Airlines · filed 1974-09-03

2. Plaintiff Wells is a female employee of Frontier and is a member of the Union. At all times at issue Wells was an employee within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(f). Frontier is a corporation, having a place of business in Dallas County, Texas, and is engaged in the business of air transport of passengers and freight. It is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b). Defendant Union is a labor organization representing employees of Frontier and exists for the purpose of dealing with employees concerning terms of employment. It is a labor organization within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(d) and (e).

Section 2000e(b) defines “employer” to include governmental employers such as school districts.

Vineyard v. Hollister Elementary School District · filed 1974-11-01(b)

“Employer” is defined in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b) to include governmental employers such as the defendant school District.

Section 2000e(b) defines an employer by its connection to commerce and a threshold of fifteen employees; without allegations or proof of those facts, the court could not reach the Title VII claim.

Colorado Spring Amusements, Ltd. v. Rizzo · filed 1974-12-05(b)

In any event, Title VII expressly defines an “employer” as “a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce who has fifteen or more employees . . . .” 42.U.S.C. § 2000e(b). Because plaintiffs have neither alleged nor presented any proof or facts to establish that the plaintiffs, or any of them, were in anyway engaged in interstate commerce, or that either massage parlor ever employed as many as fifteen persons, ... I am unable to reach this claim.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer includes Johnson Motor Lines.

Cathey v. Johnson Motor Lines, Inc. · filed 1974-12-20(b)

2. Defendant Johnson Motor Lines, Inc. is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines a covered employer under Title VII, including the requirement that it be engaged in an industry affecting commerce.

Brown v. Rollins, Inc. · filed 1974-12-20(b)

Defendants Dwoskin and Rollins are employers within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e(b) and they are engaged in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Section 2000e defines a corporation as a person and an employer as a person and the person's agents.

Foust v. Transamerica Corporation · filed 1975-03-18(a), (b)

Plaintiff correctly notes that Title VII, § 701(a) (42 U.S.C. § 2000e (a)) considers a corporation a person for the purposes of the Act, and § 701(b) defines “employer” as a “person” and his “agents”. Plaintiff contends that the directors of the corporation are its agents, hence they are “employers” under the meaning of the Act. However, if the directors are “employers’*, then their principal, the corporation, must also be an “employer”. Transamerica cannot be considered an employee of its own agents, the directors.

Section 2000e(a) and (b) covers municipal corporations employing at least fifteen employees on each working day in twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding year.

Zichy v. City of Philadelphia · filed 1975-03-19(a), (b)

Title VII applies to municipal corporations as readily as to private employers, so long as the municipal corporation employs fifteen or more employees in each working day of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, which criteria defendant meets in this case.

Section 2000e(b) covers an employer engaged in an industry affecting commerce that has at least fifteen employees.

Privette v. UNION CARBIDE CORP., CONSUMER PROD. DIV. · filed 1975-04-28(b)

The Defendant, Union Carbide Corp., Consumer Products Division, is engaged in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of Section 701(b) of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b) and has employed, at all times material hereto, fifteen or more employees.

A savings and loan association may qualify as an employer under § 2000e(b).

Martha D. YOUNG, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SOUTHWESTERN SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION, Defendant-Appellee · filed 1975-05-05(b)

The district court correctly found the Southwestern was an 'employer' within the meaning of the statute.

Section 2000e(b) made Title VII relief available to employees of governmental units beginning March 24, 1972, but the amendment did not cover discrimination completed before that date.

Monell v. Deptartment of Social Services of New York · filed 1975-04-30(b)

Prior to March 24, 1972, governmental units were exempt from the operations of Title VII. On that date Public Law 92-261 was enacted which amended Section 2000e(b) so that Title VII relief was available to employees of such governmental units. ... The amendment of the complaint by adding plaintiff Abbey does not change the result since the discrimination as to her occurred and was completed prior to the amendment of the statute.

Section 2000e(h) treats governmental activities as industries affecting commerce, bringing state and local governments within Title VII’s employer coverage.

United States v. City of Milwaukee · filed 1975-06-25(h)

The evident purpose and effect of the revision to § 701(h) was to render governments and their subdivisions “employers” subject to Title VII.

Section 2000e(b) measures the employee threshold by calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, including weeks after the alleged discrimination.

Slack v. Havens · filed 1975-07-28(b)

The language of the statute is plain: Congress clearly spoke in terms of "calendar years." Although it would have been easy to incorporate appellants' "critical mass" idea by measuring the relevant number of employees over the 24 months preceding the incident, the statute gives no evidence of such an intent. We can therefore only conclude that Congress meant what it said and that Havens is indeed an "employer" within the terms of the statute.

A state board of bar examiners is neither an employer, an employment agency, nor a labor organization under § 2000e.

Tyler v. Trammell E. Vickery, Ralph Banks, Jr. v. Trammell E. Vickery, James E. C. Perry v. Edward S. Sell, Jr · filed 1975-08-20

Title VII does not apply by its terms, of course, because the Georgia Board of Bar Examiners is neither an "employer," an "employment agency," nor a "labor organization" within the meaning of the statute.

Section 2000e(b) requires an employer to have at least fifteen employees for each working day in twenty or more calendar weeks of the current or preceding year.

Hogge v. Johnson · filed 1975-08-19(b)

The district court noted that the Act defines the term employer to mean “a person engaged in an industry ... who has fifteen or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, .He found as a fact that “the evidence does not establish any of plaintiffs meet this test.” The evidence is both conflicting and confusing, but there is substantial support for such a finding, and it is not clearly erroneous.

Section 2000e(b) covers a corporation doing business in a state that employs 100 or more people at its plant.

Tippett v. Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company · filed 1975-10-17(b)

It has a plant located in Durham, North Carolina, where it employs 100 or more persons and is, therefore, an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines which businesses qualify as employers under Title VII, including an applicable employee threshold.

Jimerson v. Kisco Company, Inc. · filed 1975-11-05(b)

2. Defendant, Kisco Company, Inc., is a corporation engaged in industry affecting commerce which, at all times material to this action, employed more than 25 persons during each week of the calendar year and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e (b).

Section 2000e(b) includes state governments, their agencies and their political subdivisions within the definition of “employer.”

Byron v. University of Florida · filed 1975-11-06(b)

In 1972 Congress amended a portion of the definitional section, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(a), (b), to include state governments, their agencies and their political subdivisions within the term “employer.”

Section 2000e(b) can cover board members as agents of a covered institution even if they do not personally employ fifteen workers.

Hanshaw v. Delaware Technical & Community College · filed 1975-11-07(b)

The defendants’ contention, however, fails to take into account the definition provided for employer under section 2000e(b). Since subsection (a) of section 2000e specifically includes descriptions of several types of entities as “persons”, it is not necessary for the members of the Board to be a “person having fifteen or more employees,” if the Board members can be considered agents of an institution which is such a person.

Section 2000e(b) defines an employer as a person with fifteen or more employees.

Colorado Springs Amusements, Ltd. v. Rizzo · filed 1975-10-16(b)

This is so because section 703(a) of the Civil Rights Act applies only to employment practices by an "employer," and section 701(b) 22 defines an employer as "a person . . . who has fifteen or more employees . . . ." It is neither alleged nor in any way suggested that any of the owners employ this number of persons. There is thus no violation of the Civil Rights Act.

A manufacturing company can qualify as an employer engaged in an industry affecting commerce under § 2000e(b) and (h).

Sherrill V. J. P. Stevens & Co. · filed 1975-11-11(b), (h)

The defendant J. P. Stevens and Company, Inc., is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e(b), is engaged in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e(h), and is subject to the provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 1981.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer covers a corporation engaged in an industry affecting commerce that employed more than twenty-five people during each week of the relevant calendar year.

Blakely v. Chrysler Corp. · filed 1975-12-31(b)

Defendant Chrysler Corporation is engaged in industry affecting commerce which, at all times material to this action, employed more than twenty-five persons during each week of the calendar year and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) includes an employer’s individual agents within the definition of employer, allowing them to be held liable for discriminatory acts under Title VII.

Tarvesian v. Carr Division of TRW, Inc. · filed 1976-01-13(b)

As Vice President and Purchasing Agent for the employer Carr Division, the two individual defendants were clearly agents of an employer for purposes of Title VII. They remain liable, therefore, for discriminatory acts committed by them against plaintiff within three hundred (300) days prior to the filing of plaintiff’s complaint with the E.E.O.C.

Section 2000e(b) covers a corporation engaged in an industry affecting commerce that employs more than 25 people during each week of the calendar year.

Keely v. Westinghouse Electric Corp. · filed 1975-11-20(b)

2. The defendant, Westinghouse Electric Corporation ("Westinghouse") is a corporation engaged in industry affecting commerce, which at all times material to this action, employed more than 25 persons during each week of the calendar year and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines which employers are covered by Title VII.

St. John v. GW Murphy Industries, Inc. · filed 1976-01-28(b)

The defendants, G. W. Murphy Industries, Inc., and Duff-Norton Company, Inc., are employers engaged in industry affecting commerce within the meaning of Section 701(b) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e’s definitions bring a municipal police department within Title VII’s prohibition on sex discrimination in employment after the 1972 amendments.

United States v. City of Chicago · filed 1976-02-02(a), (b), (h)

42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e(a), (b) and (h) and 2000e — 2. There is no question that since March 24, 1972, the effective date of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, this statutory prohibition against discrimination in employment on account of sex has been applicable to the Police Department of the City of Chicago.

Before the 1972 amendments, § 2000e(b) excluded political subdivisions from Title VII coverage; their status depends on their functional relationship with the state.

Popkin v. New York State Health & Mental Hygiene Facilities Improvement Corp. · filed 1976-03-04(b)

We find from all of the foregoing that defendant is a “political subdivision” within the meaning of Title VII.

Section 2000e’s employer definition excluded a company with fewer than twenty-five employees during the period before November 1, 1969.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Datapoint Corp. · filed 1976-04-16(b)

Defendant had fewer than twenty-five employees at all times prior to November 1, 1969, and consequently was not covered by the provisions of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended (42 U.S.C., 2000e et seq.).

Section 2000e(b)’s definition of employer includes a supervisor acting as the employer’s agent.

Compston v. Borden, Inc. · filed 1976-03-29(b)

As an agent of Borden, Inc. and Columbus Coated Fabrics, Evans is also an employer under the statutory definition.

A city is an employer subject to Title VII.

Lindsay v. City of Seattle · filed 1976-04-08(b)

The City is an “employer” under title 7 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, et seq., and is subject to its provisions.

A public school board and its agents qualify as employers under § 2000e(b).

Mitchell v. BD. OF TR. OF PICKENS CTY. SD" A" · filed 1976-04-06(b)

The Board of Trustees of Pick-ens County School District “A” and its agents are “employers” within the appropriate section of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e’s definition of “employer” includes state and local governments and District of Columbia departments or agencies after the 1972 amendment.

O'Neill v. District of Columbia Office of Human Rights · filed 1976-04-13(b)

Congress accomplished this result by broadening the term “employer” contained in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Pub.L. No. 88-352, 78 Stat. 253, codified at 42 U.S.C. § 2000e (1970) et seq., it enacted the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, Pub.L. No. 92-261, 86 Stat. 103, to include state and local governments and District of Columbia departments or agencies.

Section 2000e’s definition of employer covers municipal governments as of March 24, 1972.

Johnson v. City of Albany, Ga. · filed 1976-05-06(b)

On March 24, 1972, Title YII of the Civil Rights Act was made applicable to the City of Albany by Congress.

A federal savings and loan association may qualify as an employer under § 2000e(b).

Cedeck v. Hamiltonian Federal Sav. and Loan Ass'n · filed 1976-06-04(b)

Defendant Hamiltonian Federal Savings and Loan Association is an association organized and existing pursuant to the laws of the United States, and at all times relevant herein, was an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) permits a supervisory employee to qualify as an agent of a governmental employer.

Harbert v. Rapp · filed 1976-06-18(b)

Supervisory employees may in proper case be deemed -to be agents of a governmental agency.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer includes a corporation engaged in an industry affecting commerce that employs at least twenty-five people.

Thompson v. McDonnell Douglas Corp. · filed 1976-06-25(b)

Defendant McDonnell is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) counts employees during the calendar year of the alleged discrimination, including weeks after the alleged act, when determining employer status.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Metropolitan Atlanta Girls' Club, Inc. · filed 1976-06-30(b)

Since defendant had 25 employees for each working day in each of at least 20 weeks during the calendar year in which the alleged discriminatory act occurred, it satisfies this requirement of employer status under the Act.

Section 2000e extends Title VII coverage to public employers, including school districts, effective March 24, 1972.

UNITED STATES of America, Appellant, v. HAZELWOOD SCHOOL DISTRICT Et Al., Appellees · filed 1976-05-25(a), (b)

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 took effect on July 2, 1965. It was amended to apply to public employers such as the Hazelwood School District effective March 24, 1972.

Section 2000e(b) excluded federal employees from Title VII coverage before the 1972 amendments.

Brown v. General Services Administration · filed 1976-06-01(b)

Until it was amended in 1972 by the Equal Employment Opportunity Act, however, Title VII did not protect federal employees. 42 U. S. C. § 2000e (b).

Section 2000e(b) includes state agencies in Title VII’s definition of employer after the 1972 amendment.

Farris v. Board of Education of City of St. Louis · filed 1976-06-25(b)

Prior to March of 1972 defendant was exempt from Title VII. Since the amendment of Title VII on March 24, 1972, withdrawing the exemption for state agencies and educational institutions, defendant has been subject to the Act.

Section 2000e(b) includes States as employers after the 1972 amendments removed their express exclusion.

Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer · filed 1976-06-28(b)

The express exclusion of "a State or political subdivision thereof" provided in § 701 (b) of the former was stricken by § 2 (2) of the latter, 86 Stat. 103, 42 U. S. C. § 2000e (b) (1970 ed., Supp. IV).

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer covers Safeway Stores, Inc.

Woods v. Safeway Stores, Inc. · filed 1976-07-15(b)

Safeway is a Maryland corporation with its principal office in Oakland, California and is an employer within the meaning of § 701(b) of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) covers a business with at least fifteen employees for twenty or more calendar weeks and a connection to interstate commerce.

Juanita Watts Aldred v. Frank S. Duling, Chief of Police, City of Richmond · filed 1976-08-09(b)

It has employed fifteen or more employees for twenty or more calendar weeks and has also purchased materials and supplies that were shipped in interstate commerce. Thus, it is clear that Bo-Jac is an “employer” within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e.

An airline corporation can qualify as an employer under § 2000e(b).

Boyd v. Ozark Air Lines, Inc. · filed 1976-08-23(b)

Defendant is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

A corporation manufacturing and marketing goods that travel in interstate and foreign commerce qualifies as an employer in an industry affecting commerce under § 2000e(b).

Lewis v. Philip Morris, Inc. · filed 1976-07-07(b)

Accordingly, the defendant Philip Morris is an employer in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of § 701(b) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), and is subject to the provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 1981.

Section 2000e(b) includes municipalities and their subdivisions in the definition of “employer” after the 1972 amendments, but that expansion does not apply to earlier discrimination.

Kramer v. Board of Education · filed 1976-07-28(b)

Clearly, the sweep of Title VII was broadened by the 1972 amendments which brought municipalities and their subdivisions within the meaning of the term “employers” under the Act. ... This Court holds that these defendants were not subject to Title VII at the time of the alleged discrimination and that consequently this Court lacks jurisdiction over the subject matter of this action.

Section 2000e(b)’s definition of employer covers a local school board.

Harrington v. Vandalia-Butler Board of Education · filed 1976-08-18(b)

The defendant Board is an employer within the meaning of Title 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer covers the defendant company.

Brown v. American Enka Corp. · filed 1976-10-07(b)

The defendant is an employer under the Equal Employment Opportunities Act. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines which entities qualify as employers under Title VII.

Davis v. Jobs for Progress, Inc. · filed 1976-11-16(b)

2. That the defendant was an “employer” as that term is defined in § 701(b) of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended in 1972, and is a “person” within the meaning of § 701(a) of Title VII and § 601, Title VI of the Civil Rights Act.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer includes these garment manufacturers, each of which employed more than 50 workers.

Johnson v. Shreveport Garment Co. · filed 1976-11-18(b)

Defendants Delta Garment and Shreveport Garment are employers within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a). 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e’s definition of “employer” can include a corporation.

Mopkins v. St. Louis Die Casting Corp. · filed 1976-12-07(b)

Defendant St. Louis Die Casting Corporation is a corporation organized and existing pursuant to the laws of the state of Missouri and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.

Before the 1972 amendment, § 2000e(b) excluded state agencies and political subdivisions from the definition of “employer.”

Mildred POPKIN, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. NEW YORK STATE HEALTH AND MENTAL HYGIENE FACILITIES IMPROVEMENT CORPORATION, Def · filed 1976-12-15(b)

Until 1972, state agencies as well as political subdivisions were exempt from Title VII.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer includes HCCAA, a nonprofit, federally funded community action association.

Jeffries v. Harris County Community Action Ass'n · filed 1977-01-11(b)

HCCAA is an employer within the meaning of the statutory definition contained in Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer includes a law partnership with over 400 employees that serves nationwide and international clients.

Lucido v. Cravath, Swaine & Moore · filed 1977-01-12(b)

Cravath as a partnership with over 400 legal and non-legal employees which does business with both nationwide and international clients qualifies as an “employer” under Title VII.

Section 2000e’s definitions include the City of St. Louis as an employer.

Windom v. City of St. Louis · filed 1977-02-24(a), (b)

Defendant City of St. Louis is a government and political subdivision, and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(a) and (b).

Section 2000e includes state and local governments among the employers subject to Title VII.

Firefighters Institute for Racial Equality v. City of St. Louis · filed 1977-02-02

In 1972 Congress amended 42 U.S.C. § 2000e and included state and local governments, such as the City of St. Louis, under the rubric of “employers” subject to that Act.

Section 2000e includes state and local governments in its definition of employers covered by Title VII.

FIREFIGHTERS INSTITUTE FOR RACIAL EQUALITY v. CITY OF ST. LOUIS · filed 1977-02-25(b)

In 1972 Congress amended 42 U.S.C. § 2000e and included state and local governments, such as the City of St. Louis, under the rubric of "employers" subject to that Act.

Section 2000e’s definitions of employer, commerce, and industry affecting commerce encompass an airline employer.

Jarrell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc. · filed 1977-03-03(b), (g), (h)

(2) The defendant is a Delaware corporation and has at all times material to this action, been an employer affecting commerce within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), (g) and (h).

Section 2000e’s definition of “employer” includes municipalities following the March 1972 amendment.

Guardians Ass'n of New York City Police Department, Inc v. Civil Service Commission of New York · filed 1977-03-17(b)

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e, was amended in March 1972, to include municipalities as “employers” under the Act.

Section 2000e defines who qualifies as an employer and a labor organization under Title VII.

Johnson v. National Airlines, Inc. · filed 1977-04-08(b), (d)

Defendant National Airlines, Inc. is an “employer” within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b). Defendant TWU is a “labor organization” as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(d).

Section 2000e’s definitions bring a local school district within Title VII’s coverage.

United States v. Wattsburg Area School District · filed 1977-04-18(a), (b), (h)

The school district is subject to the act by virtue of the provisions of Sections 2000e(a), (b) and (h).

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer covers a supermarket chain.

Carter v. Shop Rite Foods, Inc. · filed 1977-05-02(b)

Defendant is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) covers an employer engaged in an industry affecting commerce that has at least fifteen employees.

Pearson v. Borden Metal Products Co. · filed 1977-05-31(b)

Defendant is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b) in that defendant is engaged in an industry affecting commerce and has employed at least fifteen persons at all times material to this action.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer includes Rockwell International Corporation.

Kirk v. Rockwell International Corp. · filed 1977-06-03(b)

Defendant Rockwell is an employer within the meaning of Sections 701(b) and 703(a) of Title VII (42 U.S.C.A. §§ 2000e and 2000e-2).

Section 2000e(b) covers General Motors Corporation as an employer.

Donnell v. General Motors Corp. · filed 1977-04-27(b)

Defendant General Motors Corporation [GM] is a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the state of Delaware and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines who qualifies as an employer under Title VII.

Jarrett v. North American Rockwell Corp. · filed 1977-06-20(b)

1. Defendant ROCKWELL is an employer within the meaning of Sections 701(b) and 703(a) of Title VII (42 U.S.C.A. §§ 2000e and 2000e-2).

Section 2000e(b) treats a city as an employer when its funding role makes it necessary to the employment process, even if it does not directly hire school personnel.

Curran v. Portland Superintending School Committee · filed 1977-07-18(b)

In such circumstances, it cannot seriously be doubted that the City is sufficiently involved in, and, in fact, necessary to, the total employment process that it must be considered plaintiff’s employer for purposes of jurisdiction under Title VII.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer covers a corporation operating a Pennsylvania plant and engaged in an industry affecting commerce.

Dickerson v. United States Steel Corp. · filed 1977-07-25(b)

The Court first finds defendant USS is a corporation doing business in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It owns, operates and maintains facilities in Fairless Hills, Pennsylvania. USS is an employer within the meaning of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b) and is engaged in an industry affecting commerce.

Under the 1972 amendments, § 2000e’s definitions include a metropolitan housing authority as an employer.

Smith v. Columbus Metropolitan Housing Authority · filed 1977-06-21(b), (f), (h)

Under the 1972 amendments to Title VII, Pub.L. 92-261, defendant is an “employer” under the Act, see 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), (f) and (h); Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 427 U.S. 445, 98 S.Ct. 2666, 49 L.Ed.2d 614 (1976).

Section 2000e(b) brings public employers within Title VII beginning March 24, 1972; their earlier hiring practices do not themselves violate Title VII.

Hazelwood School District v. United States · filed 1977-06-27(b)

Racial discrimination by public employers was not made illegal under Title VII until March 24, 1972. A public employer who from that date forward made all its employment decisions in a wholly nondiscriminatory way would not violate Title VII even if it had formerly maintained an all-white work force by purposefully excluding Negroes.

Section 2000e(b) excluded the United States from the definition of employer but authorized the President to use existing authority to secure equal employment opportunities for federal employees.

Chang v. University of Rhode Island · filed 1977-07-18(b)

Thus, Congress expressly authorized the creation of substantive rights in Federal employees by executive order, and, pursuant to that authorization, implementing executive orders were issued creating such rights and providing for their enforcement.

Section 2000e(b)’s definition of “employer” includes Swarthmore College.

Presseisen v. Swarthmore College · filed 1977-09-02(b)

Defendant Swarthmore is an “employer” within the definition of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines “employer” to include the Smithsonian Science Information Exchange.

Winston v. Smithsonian Science Information Exchange, Inc. · filed 1977-09-07(b)

The defendant SSIE is an employer within the meaning of Section 701(b) of Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) includes agents who make personnel decisions within its definition of employer.

Munford v. James T. Barnes & Co. · filed 1977-09-09(b)

Since Harris and Zulcosky admittedly had responsibility for making personnel decisions for James T. Barnes Co., they would be considered agents of the company at least for that purpose, and therefore within the statutory definition of employer.

Section 2000e(b)’s definition of employer covers a public school district.

Eckroth v. Flasher Public School District No. 39 · filed 1977-09-09(b)

Flasher Public School District No. 39 is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) covers a company employing more than 15 people in an industry affecting commerce as an employer.

Mead v. United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. · filed 1977-09-14(b)

At all times relevant herein, USF&G has employed more than 15 persons, has been an employer within the meaning of § 701(b) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), and has been engaged in an industry affecting commerce within the meaning of § 701(h) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(h).

Section 2000e(b) governs whether a defendant qualifies as an employer under Title VII.

Nath v. General Electric Co. · filed 1977-09-15(b)

Defendant General Electric Company is an “employer” within the meaning of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Section 2000e(b) treats ARO as an employer covered by Title VII.

Kennerly v. ARO, Inc. · filed 1977-09-28(b)

The defendant is an employer within the meaning of the provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b)’s definition of “employer” covers a state bar examiners board that employs a sufficient number of people.

Delgado v. McTighe · filed 1977-12-01(b)

Although the Board is clearly not an “employment agency”, even under the broad definition of Title VII, ... the plaintiffs correctly point out that the Board does employ a sufficient number of people to qualify as an employer under the Act.

Section 2000e(b) includes an employer’s agent in the definition of “employer,” permitting liability for a corporate officer directly involved in discriminatory employment practices.

Altman v. Stevens Fashion Fabrics · filed 1977-12-05(b)

The literal language of Title VII and the EPA makes Weber liable for the discriminatory employment practices of his company. Under § 2000e(b), “[t]he term ‘employer’ means [a company employing 15 or more employees for each working day in 20 or more weeks per year], and any agent of such a [company].”

Section 2000e(b) permits a parent company to be treated as an employer responsible for its subsidiary’s discriminatory acts if the subsidiary acted as its agent.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Upjohn Corp. · filed 1977-12-09(b)

Under these sections, if it may be shown that LPS operated as an agent of Upjohn, the liability for the discriminatory practices becomes the responsibility of Upjohn as “employer” and LPS as “agent”.

Section 2000e(b) includes a county as an employer when its financial ties to a sheriff’s department are sufficient.

Manley v. Mobile County, Ala. · filed 1977-12-12(b)

This court holds Mobile County is an “employer” under Title VII and a proper defendant in this case.

Section 2000e’s 1972 expansion of employer coverage to government entities does not apply to discrimination occurring before March 24, 1972.

Dawson v. Pastrick · filed 1977-11-15(b)

Consistent with the Second Circuit, this Court now holds that the 1972 amendments to 42 U.S.C. § 2000e do not apply retroactively to allegations of discrimination occurring prior to March 24, 1972, the effective date of the amendments.

Before March 24, 1972, § 2000e(b) excluded city agencies from Title VII employer liability.

Kelly v. Philadelphia Gas Works · filed 1977-11-15(b)

Also because PGW, as an agency of the City, was immune from Title VII claims prior to March 24, 1972, it cannot be held liable for any substantive violations of that act in regard to plaintiff’s August 2, 1971 termination.

Section 2000e(b) defines an employer by its effect on interstate commerce and its number of employees over the required period; probable coverage can be shown at the preliminary-injunction stage.

Stratton v. Drumm · filed 1978-02-23(b)

Ms. Filippone also testified concerning transactions that establish an effect on interstate commerce. As defendants point out, the witnesses relied on hearsay from their accountant in stating that more than 15 employees had worked for the House of Foxes for the requisite period. However, at this stage the court need only decide whether plaintiffs can probably prevail on their claim. The evidence was sufficient to show a probability that Stratton is a § 701(b) “employer.”

Section 2000e’s employer definition did not make municipalities subject to Title VII for discriminatory acts before the March 24, 1972 amendments.

Agnes L. JONES, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CITY OF SAN ANTONIO, Defendant-Appellee · filed 1978-03-06(b)

Consequently, the defendant is not subject to suit for discriminatory acts, if any, that occurred prior to March 24, 1972, the effective date of such amendments.

Section 2000e(b) makes an employer responsible for discriminatory acts of its agents.

Heelan v. Johns-Manville Corp. · filed 1978-06-16(b)

The employer is responsible for the discriminatory acts of its agents.

Section 2000e(b) does not make a business the employer of an independent contractor’s workers merely because it contracts for their services.

Williams v. Evangelical Retirement Homes · filed 1978-07-24(b)

The fact that defendant contracted with a third party, “Food Service”, for independent work does not illustrate a sufficient nexus necessary to find defendant as an “employer” within the meaning of the act. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b)’s definition of “employer” excluded school districts before March 24, 1972.

Tavernaris v. Beaver Area School District · filed 1978-07-12(b)

Defendant next contends that it cannot be considered an employer covered by Title VII for any conduct prior to March 24, 1972 inasmuch as Section 701 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 excluded school districts from the definition of the term “employer” prior to such date. Defendant’s position is wéll established and this Court so holds.

Section 2000e(b) includes an employer’s agent within the definition of “employer,” allowing the agent to be held accountable for a Title VII violation.

Kelly v. Richland School District 2 · filed 1978-07-21(b)

As such, if the School District is an employer under the Act, (and this is not disputed) Corley, if he is an agent of the District, is also an employer and can be held accountable for its violation.

Section 2000e(b) defines an employer in a way that does not require courts to treat two legally distinct employers as a single employer.

Henry v. Texas Tech University · filed 1979-01-25(b)

There is nothing in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), the Title VII definition of employer, which implies that the Congress intended that the courts treat two legally distinct employers as a single employer.

Section 2000e(b) defines an employer as a person in an industry affecting commerce with at least 15 employees for each working day in 20 or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding year, including an agent of that person.

Pedreyra v. Cornell Prescription Pharmacies, Inc. · filed 1979-01-22(b)

The term “employer” means a person engaging in an industry affecting commerce who has fifteen or more employees for each working day in each of twenty or more calendar weeks in the current or preceding calendar year, and any agent of such a person .

Section 2000e(b) defines an employer to include a person engaged in an industry affecting commerce with at least fifteen employees and any agent of that person.

White v. North Louisiana Legal Assistance Corp. · filed 1979-03-20(b)

Mr. McLeod is an employer within the purview of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), as he did participate in the processing of Mr. White’s application and, as President of NLLAC, he is also its agent.

Section 2000e(b) defines an employer to include a qualifying person and that person's agent, and the court applies that definition based on control over hiring and promotion practices.

Vanguard Justice Society, Inc. v. Hughes · filed 1979-03-20(b)

Whether plaintiffs are entitled, in any event, to relief under Title VII against any of the defendants hinges upon whether the latter have allegedly committed an “unlawful employment practice for an employer” [emphasis added] as those words are used in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-2(a) and 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b). None of the parties to this litigation have disputed that by all conventional indicia of control the State of Maryland is an “employer” of the employees of the Baltimore City Police Department, for purposes of Title VII. However, the City Defendants have raised the question of whether they have exercised, or should have exercised, sufficient control over the Department’s hiring and promotion practices to qualify any of the City Defendants as an “employer” under Title VII.

Section 2000e(b) limits Title VII coverage to employers with at least fifteen employees.

Bonomo v. National Duckpin Bowling Congress, Inc. · filed 1979-03-23(b)

Section 2000e(b) expressly limits Title VII coverage to employers which employ fifteen or more employees, and the term “employer” is intended to have its common dictionary meaning. Burke v. Friedman, 556 F.2d 867, 870 (7th Cir. 1977). Accordingly, defendant is not an “employer” within the ambit of Title VII.

Section 2000e(b) treats an agent of an employer as an employer for Title VII purposes, allowing the agent to be a proper defendant.

Vulcan Society of Westchester County v. Fire Department of White Plains · filed 1979-04-10(b)

An agent of an employer can be a proper defendant in a Title VII case. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) excludes the United States from the definition of employer, so the administrative remedies under § 2000e-5 do not apply to federal employment discrimination claims.

James E. HOFFMAN, Jr., Plaintiff-Appellant v. Captain C. E. BOEING · filed 1979-06-08(b)

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission administrative remedies under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5 are not applicable to allegations of discrimination by the United States; the United States is expressly excluded from the definition of employer under this section. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) covers a company engaged in an industry affecting commerce that employs at least 25 people.

McKinney v. American Air Filter Co. · filed 1979-06-20(b)

It is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b) in that it is engaged in an industry affecting commerce and employs at least 25 persons.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer covers a corporation such as Xerox.

Walker v. Xerox Corp. · filed 1979-06-27(b)

Defendant Xerox Corporation is a corporation and an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

A school district can qualify as an employer under § 2000e(b).

Bonner v. University City School District · filed 1979-06-29(b)

2. Defendant School District is an employer within the meaning of Title 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.

Section 2000e’s definitions of employer, employment agency, and labor organization do not cover the Board of Bar Examiners in its administration of the bar examination.

Jesse Lincoln WOODARD, Appellant v. VIRGINIA BOARD OF BAR EXAMINERS · filed 1979-05-24(b), (c), (d)

The district court found and we agree that Title VII, by its own terms, does not apply to the bar examination. The Board of Bar Examiners is neither an "employer," an "employment agency," nor a "labor organization" within the meaning of the Act.

Section 2000e’s definition of employer covers Anne Arundel County.

Butta v. Anne Arundel County · filed 1979-06-06(b)

Defendant is an employer within the meaning of Title VII, and all jurisdictional requirements have been met.

Section 2000e’s definition of employer covers qualifying businesses engaged in an industry affecting commerce.

Kohne v. Imco Container Co. · filed 1979-06-12(b)

The defendant, IMCO Container Company, a division of Ethyl Development Corporation, is, and has been at all times relevant to this action, an employer engaged in an industry affecting commerce, within the meaning of § 701 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e.

Section 2000e(b) includes agents in its definition of employer, allowing an employer to be liable for discrimination by a supervisor with personnel authority even when the supervisor violates company policy.

Margaret MILLER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. BANK OF AMERICA, a Corporation, Defendant-Appellee · filed 1979-06-28(b)

Title VII itself, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), defines “employer” to include “any agent of such a person” (i. e., employer). ... We conclude that respondeat superior does apply here, where the action complained of was that of a supervisor, authorized to hire, fire, discipline or promote, or at least to participate in or recommend such actions, even though what the supervisor is said to have done violates company policy.

A defendant’s admission that it is an employer within the meaning of Title VII can support a finding that it is a covered employer.

Bell v. Braniff International Airways · filed 1979-06-28(b)

Defendant has pressed the claim that Plaintiff has not proffered evidence to show that it is an employer covered by Title VII. Though imperfect the Court deems the proof adequate. Moreover, Defendant’s answer states in paragraph “5" that the allegations of Plaintiff’s “Paragraph V” are admitted. “Paragraph V” of the complaint alleges that Defendant is an employer within the meaning of Title VII.

Section 2000e’s definition of employer includes a community college.

Evans v. Central Piedmont Community College · filed 1979-08-20(b)

Defendant CPCC is a proper defendant within the meaning of the Act, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e.

Section 2000e includes public employers such as a state corrections department within Title VII’s coverage.

Minnick v. Department of Corrections · filed 1979-07-27(a), (b)

The prohibition reaches the department, a public employer, as well as private employers.

Section 2000e(b) covers municipal employers beginning March 24, 1972, so they may be liable under Title VII only for discrimination occurring after that date.

Association Against Discrimination in Employment, Inc. v. City of Bridgeport · filed 1979-08-24(b)

The defendants may be held liable under Title VII only for discrimination occurring after March 24, 1972, the date on which the Act became applicable to municipal employers.

Section 2000e(b) defines which entities qualify as employers under Title VII.

Woody v. City of West Miami · filed 1979-09-13(b)

During the time involved herein, the City of West Miami (hereinafter “the City”) was an “employer” as that term is defined in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq.

Section 2000e(b) defines which entities qualify as an employer under Title VII.

Williams v. Bussmann Fuse Manufacturing Division McGraw-Edison Co. · filed 1979-09-18(b)

Defendant is an employer within the meaning of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and is subject to the Act by virtue of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines an employer for purposes of Title VII.

Ball v. Ridgeway Enterprises, Inc. · filed 1979-10-15(b)

The defendant, Ridgeway Enterprises, Inc., is a Texas corporation which does business in the State of Texas and the City of Houston and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. and subject to the proscriptions of 42 U.S.C. § 1981.

Section 2000e(b) covers TIAA and CREF as employers under Title VII alongside the university.

Spirt v. Teachers Insurance & Annuity Ass'n · filed 1979-09-12(b)

Under the circumstances of this case, the Court concludes that TIAA and CREF, as well as LIU, are employers within the meaning of Title VII and thus that CREF is liable along with the university for any violation of § 703(a)(1).

Section 2000e(b) treats the individual defendants as Title VII employers.

Harmon v. San Diego County · filed 1979-09-13(b)

The individual defendants are employers within the meaning of the Civil Rights Act § 2(b), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), and there is no dispute that San Diego County is liable for all acts of the individual defendants done in their respective capacities.

Section 2000e(b) includes an employer’s agents in the definition of “employer,” supporting liability for a supervisor’s discriminatory acts.

Lucero v. Beth Israel Hospital & Geriatric Center · filed 1979-10-26(b)

The Court concludes that the law applicable to the facts found by this Court is set forth in Miller v. Bank of America, 600 F.2d 211 (9th Cir. 1979) as follows: ... “Title VII itself, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), defines ‘employer’ to include ‘any agent of such a person’ (i. e., employer). ... Upon the facts found by the Court, the Court concludes that the defendant is liable for the discriminatory acts of its Director, Williams, under both 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e et seq. and Section 1981.

Section 2000e(b) treats a city employing more than 15 people as an employer.

Goodwin v. City of Pittsburgh · filed 1979-11-05(b)

Defendant, City of Pittsburgh, employs in excess of 15 employees and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) makes an employer responsible for a supervisor’s discriminatory discharge when the employer holds the supervisor out as having authority over the employee, despite internal procedures reserving discharge authority to someone else.

Hazel GAY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF SAN JACINTO COLLEGE, Defendant-Appellant · filed 1979-12-10(b)

Defendant cannot escape responsibility for the act of the supervisor on the ground that under institutional procedures not proved to be known to the plaintiff, only the president could fire an employee of the college. The statute defines employee to include any agent of the employer, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b). The college held out the supervisor as a person having authority over those under his supervision, and the plaintiff perceived him to have authority to discharge her.

Section 2000e’s definition of employer includes Tetra Plastics, Inc.

Heymann v. Tetra Plastics, Inc. · filed 1979-12-11(b)

Defendant is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e and is engaged in the business of manufacturing plastic extrusions.

Section 2000e(b) covers the hospital as an employer under Title VII.

Underwood v. Jefferson Memorial Hospital · filed 1980-01-09(b)

Defendant is an employer within the meaning of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and is subject to the Act by virtue of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) does not require an employer to receive federal funds for Title VII coverage.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary · filed 1980-01-18(b)

Title VII applies generally to discrimination in employment by employers affecting interstate commerce, as defined in that title, regardless of whether or not they receive any federal funds. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e’s definitions cover the publishing association as an employer engaged in an industry affecting commerce and Tobler as an employee.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Pacific Press Publishing Ass'n · filed 1979-12-28(b), (f), (g), and (h)

It is undisputed that Press is an employer engaged in an industry affecting commerce as defined by § 701(b), (g), and (h), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), (g), and (h), and that Tobler is an employee within the meaning of § 701(f), 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(f).

Section 2000e’s definition of “employer” excludes defendants other than the police department that employed the plaintiff from his Title VII claim.

Burton v. Clarksdale Police Department · filed 1980-01-21(b)

The City of Clarksdale Police Department is the only “employer” of Burton within the meaning of Section 701 (Title VII) of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e. No other defendant is an employer within the meaning of the Act, and, therefore, all other defendants should be dismissed from this Title VII action.

Section 2000e’s definition of employer covers Olin Corporation for purposes of Title VII.

Johnson v. Olin Corp. · filed 1980-02-14(b)

The Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter and the parties to this action under both Title VII and 42 U.S.C. § 1981 insofar as plaintiff’s complaint of racial discrimination is concerned. The defendant is an employer within the meaning of those statutes.

Section 2000e(b)’s definition of an employer includes Roadway Express Company.

Crawford v. Roadway Express, Inc. · filed 1980-02-26(b)

Defendant Roadway is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) did not cover a town that failed its employee count requirement, even counting CETA workers.

Dumas v. Town of Mount Vernon, Alabama · filed 1980-03-03(b)

Because the Town does not meet the statutory definition of an employer for the years in question, even when CETA workers are counted, we need not reach the issue of whether CETA workers may be counted as employees for purposes of determining whether a party is an employer under Title VII.

Section 2000e(b) includes the State of Arizona as an employer under Title VII.

Norris v. Arizona Governing Committee · filed 1980-03-12(b)

The defendant State of Arizona is deemed an employer within the meaning of Section 701(b) of Title VII of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines which employers are covered by Title VII, including an employee threshold of at least fifteen people.

Johnson v. Bunny Bread Co. · filed 1980-02-22(b)

Defendant employs at least fifteen persons at this facility and is an employer subject to the Act, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines who qualifies as an employer under Title VII.

Lacy v. Chrysler Corp. · filed 1980-03-31(b)

Defendant Chrysler Corporation at all times relevant hereto was an “employer” within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) defines which employers are covered by Title VII.

Law v. Greyhound Lines, Inc. · filed 1980-04-01(b)

Defendant Greyhound is an “employer” within the purview of Title VII as defined by 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b) (1976).

Section 2000e includes municipal governments within Title VII’s coverage as employers engaged in industries affecting interstate commerce.

Pina v. City of East Providence · filed 1980-06-03(a), (b), (h)

Title VII applies to municipal governments as well as private employers, see 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(a) and (b), ... and municipal governments are “industries] affecting interstate commerce.”

Section 2000e(b)’s employer definition can reach an entity that controls a worker’s terms or conditions of employment without being a conventional employer.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Sage Realty Corp. · filed 1980-06-06(b)

Although section 703(a) makes unlawful only discriminatory employment practices of an “employer” this term has been construed in a functional sense to encompass persons who are not employers in conventional terms, but who nevertheless control some aspect of an individual’s compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment.

An insurance company may qualify as an employer under § 2000e(b).

Pouncy v. Prudential Insurance Co. of America · filed 1980-07-09(b)

2. Defendant Prudential Insurance Company of America is a duly incorporated organization, authorized to do business within the State of Texas, and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq. (1978).

Section 2000e(b) did not include municipalities as employers before the 1972 amendment.

Guardians Association v. Civil Service Commission of City of New York · filed 1980-07-25(b)

When the Act was first passed municipalities were not defined as "employers" under Title VII, see 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), and therefore were not subject to its provisions.

Section 2000e’s definition of employer covers the soft drink bottling company in this case.

Miller v. Coca Cola Bottling Co. · filed 1980-08-27(b)

Coke is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq., namely, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer includes DuPont.

Chappelle v. E. I. DuPont De Nemours & Co. · filed 1980-09-15(b)

Defendant DuPont is a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware, and is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

An insurance company with offices throughout the country can qualify as an employer under § 2000e(b).

O'Connell v. Liberty Mutual Insurance · filed 1980-09-25(b)

The defendant, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, is a casualty insurance company which does business in the state of Texas and the city of Houston and has offices throughout the country. It is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) treats an agent of a covered employer as an employer who may be held accountable for Title VII violations.

Goodman v. Board of Trustees of Community College District 524 · filed 1980-10-20(b)

Pursuant to the clear language of the statute, therefore, if the Board of Trustees is an employer and Koeller was its agent, for the purposes of this litigation he also would be an employer who could be held accountable for any statutory violations.

Section 2000e(b) covers an employer with fifteen or more employees for each working day of twenty or more calendar weeks.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Eazor Express Co. · filed 1980-10-24(b)

Since at least July 2,1965, Defendant has continuously and does now employ fifteen (15) or more employees for each working day of twenty or more calendar weeks within the meaning of § 701(b) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b) covers a business engaged in interstate commerce that employed more than fifteen employees for at least twenty calendar weeks.

Hicks v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., Inc. · filed 1980-10-30(b)

2. Defendant, Sears, Roebuck and Co., is a corporation doing business within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is engaged in a business affecting interstate commerce and employed more than fifteen (15) employees- for each of twenty (20) or more calendar weeks in each of the years 1975 to the present. At all times material herein defendant was an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b) and was subject to the provisions of 42 U.S.C. § 1981.

Section 2000e’s definition of “employer” includes Trans World Airlines.

Williams v. Trans World Airlines, Inc. · filed 1980-11-10(b)

2. Defendant is an “employer” within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e.

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer determines whether a company is covered by Title VII.

Whatley v. Skaggs Companies, Inc. · filed 1980-11-25(b)

Skaggs is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. Section 2000e(b).

Section 2000e(b)'s definition of employer covers Anheuser-Busch, Inc.

Hawkins v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc. · filed 1980-11-25(b)

2. Defendant, Anheuser-Busch, Inc., is a corporation organized pursuant to the laws of the State of Missouri and, at all times relevant herein, has been an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b) and 29 U.S.C. § 206(d).

Section 2000e(b) includes a corporation engaged in an industry affecting commerce and employing more than 25 people within its definition of employer.

Coleman v. General Motors Corp. · filed 1980-12-03(b)

Said corporation is an employer within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e(b), in that it is engaged in an industry affecting commerce and employs more than 25 employees.