Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,593 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
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ALJ

Professional Grade Construction Group, Inc.

Citations affirmed by default

OSHA issued Professional Grade Construction Group thirteen serious items and two repeat items under the construction standards, with $43,560 in proposed penalties. The company filed a notice of contest but did not answer the Secretary's complaint. A show-cause order sent to the company's record…

June 26, 2014 ·Covette Rooney
Procedural
ALJ

Schmitt Tree Experts

Crane-inspection recordkeeping failure affirmed

Schmitt Tree Experts did not contest an earlier citation alleging that required monthly crane-inspection certification records were unavailable. OSHA later issued a failure-to-abate notification after the company still could not produce records of subsequent inspections. The judge found that the…

June 26, 2014 ·William S. Coleman
Modified
ALJ

Alcides Avelar

Late contest dismissed for lack of excusable neglect

OSHA issued Alcides Avelar two serious scaffold-related items with $5,900 in proposed penalties. The citation was received at the company's record address, but the owner was out of town and did not submit a written notice of contest until several weeks after the 15-working-day deadline. The judge…

June 20, 2014 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Procedural
ALJ

Peck Brothers, LLC

Roof fall-protection citation vacated

Peck Brothers was replacing a deteriorated gutter and reflashing a low-slope roof at a Home Depot store. OSHA alleged that employees near the roof edge lacked fall protection and cited the general rule for unprotected sides and edges, with the low-slope roofing rule pleaded in the alternative. The…

June 13, 2014 ·Carol A. Baumerich
Citations vacated
ALJ

Levvintre Construction, LLC

Residential fall and ladder violations affirmed

Five Levvintre Construction employees performed residential roofing work on an approximately 11-foot-high roof without fall protection. The company had harnesses available but left it to each employee to decide whether to use one and had no alternative fall-protection plan. Employees also used a…

June 4, 2014 ·Peggy S. Ball
Modified
ALJ

GP Roofing & Construction, LLC

Willful residential fall violation affirmed

Four GP Roofing employees installed shingles on townhomes while wearing harnesses but remaining untied on roof sections as high as 19.5 feet. The judge rejected claims that fall protection created a greater hazard or was infeasible because the company did not seek a variance, prove the claimed…

May 16, 2014 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Citations affirmed
ALJ

G. Santos Masonry, Inc. d/b/a Roberto Santos

Late contest dismissed despite shutdown confusion

OSHA issued G. Santos Masonry ten serious items with $13,600 in proposed penalties. An informal conference was canceled during the 2013 federal government shutdown, and OSHA internally extended the contest deadline but did not notify the company of the new date. The judge recognized that this…

May 5, 2014 ·Heather A. Joys
Procedural
ALJ

KSP Enterprises, Inc.

Willful excavation violation affirmed

KSP Enterprises had workers in a 6.7-foot-deep excavation with nearly vertical Type B soil walls and no cave-in protection. The company argued that it was a family business without employees, but the judge found that a working co-owner was an employee and that another worker was also an employee…

May 5, 2014 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Citations affirmed
ALJ

American Phoenix, Inc.

Combustible-dust citation partly affirmed

American Phoenix manufactured custom rubber compounds using mixers, hoppers, and multiple dust-collection systems. OSHA alleged that combustible dust in the collectors created fire and explosion hazards under the general duty clause. The judge found fire hazards in the Rotoclone, Pre-Weigh, and…

April 28, 2014 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Mixed result
ALJ

Robinson Masonry

Late contests dismissed

Two OSHA inspections resulted in seventeen serious items and one other-than-serious item against Robinson Masonry, with $22,400 in proposed penalties. The company attended an informal settlement conference but did not reach an agreement and did not submit a written contest within the 15-working-day…

April 14, 2014 ·Brian A. Duncan
Procedural
ALJ

J. Reed Constructors, Inc.

Repeat aerial-lift tie-off violation affirmed

Two J. Reed Constructors employees installed exterior sheeting from an aerial lift about 35 feet above the ground without tying off. The company conceded the violation but disputed knowledge and asserted unpreventable employee misconduct. The judge found constructive knowledge because the condition…

April 10, 2014 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Alabama Salvage Auction Company, Inc., d/b/a Total Resource Auctions

Electrical and hazard-communication violations affirmed

Alabama Salvage employees used a shop vacuum in a wet car-wash area with an extension cord that had damaged insulation, exposed copper, and a severed grounding wire. The company admitted the electrical violations but argued they were not serious because the circuit had a ground-fault interrupter…

April 7, 2014 ·John B. Gatto
Citations affirmed
COMM

LJC Dismantling Corp.

Overhead-hazard item affirmed, scaffold items vacated

LJC Dismantling employees took apart a rooftop water tank while another employee worked below on a scaffold. A cut metal tank strap swung around, struck the scaffold worker, and caused him to fall to the roof. The Commission vacated an improper-planking item because the scaffold existed only…

March 28, 2014
Mixed result
COMM

CSA Equipment Company, LLC

Forklift-hazard case remanded for abatement analysis

CSA Equipment used forklifts to move large steel coils while checkers worked nearby, and an employee was struck by a forklift and later died from his injuries. An administrative law judge affirmed a general duty clause citation after finding that moving the checking operation to a separate dock…

March 26, 2014
Remanded
ALJ

Copomon Enterprises, LLC

Formaldehyde-label citation barred by prior settlement

Copomon Enterprises distributed hair straightening and smoothing products that could release formaldehyde when heated during use. OSHA cited the company because its product labels did not state that the products contained formaldehyde, even though the labels used exact language negotiated in an…

March 12, 2014 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Citations vacated
ALJ

PM Construction & Rehab, LLC

Trench citation reduced from repeat to serious

PM Construction & Rehab was repairing sewer pipes in Houston when an employee working in an 8- to 9-foot-deep trench was seriously injured by a rock that broke from an unprotected end wall. The company had installed hydraulic shoring along the trench's long walls but had not shored, sloped, or…

March 6, 2014 ·Brian A. Duncan
Modified
ALJ

R&S Roofing, LLC

Fall-protection citation affirmed for workers treated as employees

R&S Roofing used a crew to replace a rubber roof on a one-story commercial building in Ohio. Although the company called the roofers independent contractors, the judge found they were employees because R&S controlled the workplace and the manner and timing of their work, paid them hourly, provided…

February 28, 2014 ·William S. Coleman
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Applied Aquatic Management, Inc.

Airboat-collision citation vacated

Applied Aquatic Management used airboats to perform aquatic plant management work in Florida. Two company airboats collided in a blind trail after one operator entered a dead end and turned back, seriously injuring one employee and causing the death of another. OSHA alleged that the company had not…

February 7, 2014 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations vacated
ALJ

Western World, Inc.

Theme-park firearms safety citation affirmed

Western World operated Wild West City, a New Jersey theme park where employees used firearms in staged gunfights. An employee was seriously injured when he was shot during a performance after live ammunition had been brought to the worksite. Although the company prohibited live ammunition, it…

February 5, 2014 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Citations affirmed
COMM

All Star Realty Co., Inc.

Roofing and ladder citations vacated for lack of employment relationship

All Star Realty had a contract to demolish a strip mall, where OSHA found two brothers removing metal roofing without fall protection and using an improper ladder. The brothers had previously done odd jobs for All Star's owner, but he told them they could take the roofing only after the building…

February 3, 2014
Citations vacated
COMM

All Erection & Crane Rental Corp.

Medical-services and asbestos-survey items vacated

All Erection & Crane Rental supervised temporary workers cleaning debris from a deteriorated building in Cleveland. One worker suffered a head injury when a table leg struck her, and a supervisor offered to take her to a nearby hospital, but she declined. The Commission held that the offer made…

January 23, 2014
Citations vacated
ALJ

Stewart Electric Co., Inc.

Arc-flash citations vacated for lack of employer knowledge

A Stewart Electric crew leader and helper were severely burned by an arc flash while replacing a circuit breaker inside an energized 480-volt panel at an automobile dealership. The crew leader did not use the two sets of protective equipment supplied at the site and used a non-insulated…

January 22, 2014 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations vacated
COMM

M.V.P. Piping Co., Inc.

Willful trench penalty increased to $22,000

M.V.P. Piping sent two employees into a 6-foot-4-inch-deep excavation with vertical walls and no cave-in protection. The company used gravel backfill, an exit ramp, and spotters as a temporary safety plan, but none of those measures could prevent a potentially fatal collapse. The Commission held…

January 22, 2014
Modified
ALJ

K.E.R. Enterprises, Inc. d/b/a Armadillo Underground

EAJA fees awarded after pipe citation was vacated

Armadillo Underground defended citations arising from a PVC water-pipe explosion that injured four workers. The underlying general duty clause item was vacated because OSHA did not prove that tightening the joint bolts while the line remained pressurized was a recognized hazard, and a separate…

January 8, 2014 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Procedural
ALJ

Imperial Aluminum

Furnace-explosion citation vacated

Imperial Aluminum was installing a new rotary furnace when an outside contractor troubleshooting its gas-flow controls allowed natural gas to accumulate and then opened the furnace door while the pilot remained lit. The resulting explosion damaged ductwork and released a fireball, but no employees…

December 23, 2013 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Citations vacated
ALJ

Jesse Remodeling, LLC

Willful scaffold item and three serious items affirmed

Jesse Remodeling employees worked on a 13-foot-high scaffold while filling concrete block cells at a restaurant construction site. The scaffold lacked guardrails, two employees worked from its frame and cross braces, and employees used cross braces and uprights to descend. A concrete Grout Hog…

December 16, 2013 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
ALJ

Basic Grain Products, Inc.

Lockout violations affirmed with one item reduced to serious

Basic Grain Products made snack foods using conveyors, augers, drums, ovens, and packaging equipment at its Ohio facility. Production employees cleaned moving or improperly locked-out machinery without receiving the lockout/tagout training or tools required for employees who perform servicing work…

December 12, 2013 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Modified
ALJ

Michael Buckly

Roofing citations affirmed by default

OSHA cited Michael Buckly after observing one employee removing shingles from a three-story roof without fall protection and another cleaning debris below without a protective helmet. After filing a notice of contest, Buckly did not file an answer, return the Secretary's calls, participate in the…

December 5, 2013 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Procedural
ALJ

Tire Centers, LLC

Tire-rim trajectory citation vacated for lack of employer knowledge

A Tire Centers technician died when a large off-road tire and multi-piece rim exploded while he was working alone at the company's Alabama service center. The evidence showed that he was inside the rim-component trajectory zone, contrary to a clear company rule. The judge found that Tire Centers…

November 22, 2013 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Mixed result
ALJ

Delta Elevator Service Corp., d/b/a Delta Beckwith Elevator Co.

Electrical PPE citation vacated because construction standards applied

Delta Elevator Service was hired by a demolition project's general contractor to operate a building elevator so workers and materials could move between floors. OSHA cited Delta under a general-industry electrical PPE standard after mechanics performed diagnostic and operating work on the elevator…

November 22, 2013 ·William S. Coleman
Citations vacated
ALJ

Stevers Roof Side Remodel, LTD

Repeat fall-protection citation affirmed

Stevers Roof Side Remodel used temporary workers to reroof a two-story Ohio home with a steep roof and an 11-foot eave height. OSHA observed three workers on the roof without attaching the available personal fall arrest systems. The company argued that the workers were on break, but the judge held…

October 28, 2013 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Cargill, Inc.

Grain-bin and rescue-service citations vacated

Cargill operated a large grain elevator complex in Topeka, Kansas, where trained crews manually removed stable residual grain left in flat-bottom bins after gravity unloading ended. The judge found that employees were not “on moving grain” because the residual pile had no draw-off point beneath it…

October 28, 2013 ·Brian A. Duncan
Citations vacated
ALJ

Arc Erecting, Inc.

Access, crane, and welding citations affirmed

Arc Erecting was the structural steel subcontractor on a Maine arena project. Employees climbed to the top of steel joists about 10 feet above the ground without a ladder, and a crane operated near a power line without the required marked work-zone boundary and elevated warning line. A welder also…

October 11, 2013 ·William S. Coleman
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Toby Bell d/b/a South Texas Pigeon Removal

Late contest dismissed despite employer-status defense

OSHA issued Toby Bell d/b/a South Texas Pigeon Removal a serious citation with a proposed $2,800 penalty. Bell personally received the citation, which clearly stated the 15-working-day contest deadline, but did not submit a contest until after the deadline. Bell later asserted that the exposed…

October 9, 2013 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Procedural
ALJ

Roofing Concepts Unlimited/Florida, Inc.

Late contest dismissed after citation was misplaced

OSHA mailed Roofing Concepts Unlimited/Florida a citation proposing $24,640 in penalties after inspecting a condominium roofing project. The company's receptionist signed for the certified mailing, but the citation was misplaced and management did not learn of it until after the 15-working-day…

October 9, 2013 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Procedural
ALJ

Manhattan Construction "Florida", Inc

Falling-object citation vacated after shoring accident

Manhattan Construction managed a Florida resort project where crane chains unexpectedly caught a concrete subcontractor's shoring scaffold, tipped it, and sent aluminum beams from the seventh floor to the entrance below, injuring two subcontractor employees. Manhattan controlled the multi-employer…

October 9, 2013 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations vacated
ALJ

E.C. Concrete, Inc.

Four construction-safety items vacated after shoring accident

E.C. Concrete was erecting shoring on the seventh floor of a Florida resort project when crane chains unexpectedly caught a scaffold brace, tipped the scaffold, and sent aluminum beams to the ground, injuring two employees. OSHA withdrew one fall-protection item and pursued allegations involving an…

October 9, 2013 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations vacated
COMM

Monroe Drywall Construction, Inc.

Serious-item penalties increased to $6,300

Monroe Drywall employees worked near exposed energized wires at a Florida construction site where a worker died after contacting the electrical hazard. The affirmed violations involved failure to train employees to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions and failure to determine the status of exposed…

September 30, 2013
Modified
COMM

Quinlan Enterprises

Fall and ladder items remanded for employment and knowledge findings

Two workers associated with Quinlan Enterprises installed embedded angles at a Georgia school project without tying off and used a closed, unsecured stepladder for access. The judge affirmed serious fall-protection and ladder items but addressed only in a footnote Quinlan's claim that the workers…

September 26, 2013
Remanded
ALJ

CentiMark Corporation

Roof structural-integrity citation affirmed after fatal fall

CentiMark employees replaced a damaged concrete roof panel at a steel facility with a roof more than 60 feet above the factory floor. After the panel was removed, adjacent panels showed missing and crumbling concrete and exposed reinforcing steel, but CentiMark did not conduct a closer inspection…

September 26, 2013 ·Carol A. Baumerich
Mixed result
COMM

Jim Boyd Construction, Inc.

Excavation case remanded under ComTran knowledge rule

Jim Boyd Construction installed trench shields for a Georgia natural-gas project where another contractor's employees worked in the excavation. An administrative law judge vacated two shield items, affirmed a lateral-movement item as serious, and reduced a cave-in protection item from willful to…

September 26, 2013
Remanded
COMM

ComTran Group, Inc.

Trench case remanded after supervisor-knowledge ruling

ComTran's project manager entered a 6-foot-deep excavation without cave-in protection after placing a 5-foot spoil pile at its edge. An administrative law judge affirmed serious excavation and spoil-pile violations by imputing the project manager's knowledge of his own conduct to the company. The…

September 26, 2013
Remanded
ALJ

Absolute Roofing & Construction, Inc.

Four scaffold and fall-protection items affirmed

Absolute Roofing's worker repaired a steep church roof without fall protection above a scaffold that lacked base plates and guardrails. The judge treated Absolute Roofing and Absolute Exteriors as a single employer because they shared ownership, management, an office, employees, work, and their…

September 23, 2013 ·Carol A. Baumerich
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Doyle K. Beckham d/b/a DKB Construction

PPE payment item reduced and forklift tire item vacated

DKB Construction performed framing, roofing, and carpentry work at an assisted-living project on the Hopi Indian Reservation. Its written policy required employees to supply and maintain basic personal protective equipment, and the evidence showed that workers paid for items such as hard hats and…

September 18, 2013 ·Brian A. Duncan
Mixed result
ALJ

Valcourt Building Services of Georgia, LLC

Window-cleaning citations vacated because franchisee was the employer

A Valcourt franchisee used rope-descent equipment to clean exterior windows on a high-rise building. OSHA cited Valcourt after observing that each worker's safety line and working line shared an anchorage point and that the safety line allegedly could not safely suspend a worker after a fall. The…

September 9, 2013 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations vacated
ALJ

Performance Contracting, Inc., dba PCI

Three scaffold items affirmed as other-than-serious

Performance Contracting installed exterior insulation from a multilevel scaffold at a casino construction project. An opening below the scaffold was not barricaded, and the scaffold lacked interior toe boards in an area where smaller tools and materials could fall. The judge found employee exposure…

September 9, 2013 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Safway Scaffolding d/b/a Safway Services, LP

Untrained scaffold dismantler item affirmed after fall

Safway erected and dismantled extensive scaffolding inside an aircraft hangar. A ground-crew laborer without scaffold-dismantling training was allowed by his crew leader to join the dismantling work, then fell about 21 feet after tying off to a horizontal bar that dislodged. The judge found the…

September 4, 2013 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Mixed result
ALJ

C & C Roofing

Late contest dismissed and $2,000 citation affirmed

OSHA issued C & C Roofing one serious citation with a proposed $2,000 penalty after inspecting a Colorado Springs worksite. The company filed its notice of contest 48 days late. It did not respond to the Secretary's dismissal motion or the judge's order to show cause, and it offered no basis for…

September 3, 2013 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Procedural
ALJ

Stoltzfus Welding & Rentals, LLC

Late contest relief denied

OSHA issued Stoltzfus Welding & Rentals two serious citations and one repeat citation with proposed penalties totaling $8,360. The employer argued that it missed the contest deadline because an OSHA letter said no citation would be issued for one item. The judge found that the actual citations…

August 26, 2013 ·Keith E. Bell
Procedural
COMM

Professional Directional, Ltd.

Settlement order set aside for correction

Professional Directional agreed to withdraw its contest of five citation items and pay a reduced penalty of $13,600. After the judge approved the settlement, the Secretary reported that one sentence mistakenly said the employer "did ensure" safety data sheets were available when the agreement…

August 26, 2013
Remanded
ALJ

Penney's Construction Company, LLC

Willful trench violations affirmed after work continued

Penney's Construction replaced a sewer line in a 10-foot-deep trench with vertical, fissured walls and no cave-in protection. Employees also encountered flowing sewage, possible atmospheric hazards, an edge-side spoil pile, unprotected use of a cut saw, and public traffic without high-visibility…

August 19, 2013 ·Carol A. Baumerich
Mixed result
ALJ

Sunland Construction, Inc.

Trench egress item affirmed and cave-in item vacated

Sunland Construction employees installed sandbag trench breaks around a high-pressure gas pipeline. They worked in a trench more than five feet deep without a ladder, stairway, or ramp, and Sunland did not show that climbing over the pipe and sandbags provided safe egress. The judge affirmed the…

August 19, 2013 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Mixed result
ALJ

Miller Construction Co.

Four-month-late contest dismissed

OSHA issued Miller Construction two serious citations with a combined proposed penalty of $4,000. Delivery records showed that the company received the citations, which clearly stated the 15-working-day contest deadline. The company waited after receiving both the citations and a later collection…

August 12, 2013 ·Brian A. Duncan
Procedural
ALJ

Basic Marine, Inc.

Most shipyard citations affirmed

Basic Marine performed shipbuilding and repair work involving confined spaces, hazardous coatings, forklifts, cranes, lifting equipment, and work on barges and a pier. The judge affirmed nearly all contested items, including violations involving confined-space testing and rescue, respiratory…

August 12, 2013 ·Brian A. Duncan
Mixed result
ALJ

Bellco Glass, Inc.

Late contests dismissed in consolidated cases

OSHA issued separate health and safety citations to Bellco Glass after inspecting its New Jersey facility. The company did not submit a written notice of contest within 15 working days and filed its request for a hearing eleven weeks after the deadline. Despite several extensions and opportunities…

August 9, 2013 ·William S. Coleman
Procedural
ALJ

Barlament Erection Crane Rentals

Crane tag, latch, and inspection items affirmed

Barlament used a truck-mounted crane to hoist bundled wooden roof trusses at a residential construction site. Its fabricated chain sling lacked the required capacity and manufacturer tag, the hoist hook's self-closing latch had been intentionally removed, and its monthly and annual inspection…

July 19, 2013 ·William S. Coleman
Mixed result
ALJ

Applied Masonry, Inc.

Repeat scaffold access and planking items affirmed

Applied Masonry used fabricated-frame scaffolds while renovating a city courthouse. An employee climbed cross braces to reach an upper platform and walked across platforms that were not fully planked. The judge rejected the company's claim that the scaffold was being dismantled because the employee…

July 1, 2013 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
ALJ

Subzero Technologies, Inc.

Late contest relief denied

OSHA issued Subzero Technologies twenty-one serious and two other-than-serious violations with proposed penalties totaling $37,800. The company missed the 15-working-day contest deadline, contacted OSHA only after receiving a payment demand, and then waited several more months before asking the…

June 20, 2013 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Procedural
ALJ

Duraframe Dipnet

Contest dismissed after repeated procedural defaults

OSHA cited Duraframe Dipnet for sixteen serious, three repeat, and one other-than-serious violation, with proposed penalties totaling $71,400. The employer timely contested but then failed to answer discovery, comply with multiple orders, attend the final pretrial conference, respond to a sanctions…

June 20, 2013 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Procedural
ALJ

Gipson-Ricketts, LLC

Lead protection items affirmed for shooting-range recovery work

Gipson-Ricketts recovered lead shot from a shooting range by screening dry, dusty topsoil. The judge treated the work as general industry rather than construction because the company's primary activity was collecting lead and returning the soil, not permanently changing the site. Employees used…

June 20, 2013 ·John H. Schumacher
Mixed result

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.