Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

14,272 decisions and counting · Latest decision August 26, 2026
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ALJ

S & S Material, Inc.

Discrimination case dismissed

This discrimination proceeding concerned Jimmie L. Callan and S & S Material, Inc. The Secretary of Labor moved to withdraw the motion for temporary reinstatement, and Judge Avram Weisberger granted that motion based on the assertions presented. The judge then dismissed the case. The order does not…

October 24, 1991 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Lanham Coal Company, Inc.

Tarping citation vacated on remand

Lanham Coal operated a surface coal mine where truck drivers covered loaded coal trucks with tarps. A driver fell about 10 feet while tarping a truck and later died for reasons unrelated to the fall. MSHA cited the company under 30 C.F.R. § 77.1710(g) for not requiring safety belts or lines. On…

October 24, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Pigeon Branch Coal Company

Settlement approved at $2,200

Pigeon Branch Coal Company was the respondent in a civil penalty proceeding concerning its No. 8 Mine. The Secretary of Labor asked the judge to approve a settlement that reduced the proposed penalty from $4,400 to $2,200 and dismissed the case. Judge Avram Weisberger found the agreement…

October 21, 1991 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

F.K.C., Incorporated

Discrimination proceedings dismissed

These consolidated discrimination proceedings concerned Martin L. Richardson and F.K.C., Incorporated. The Secretary of Labor moved to dismiss after concluding that Richardson was not a miner under the Mine Act and that the respondent companies were not engaged in activity covered by the Act at the…

October 21, 1991 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Ruby Helen Coal Company

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Ruby Helen Coal Company was involved in contest proceedings and a civil penalty proceeding concerning its Mine No. 1 dust-sampling program. The company stated that it had entered an agreement to plead guilty to conspiracy to defraud the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The Secretary of Labor…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Sunrise Mining, Inc.

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Sunrise Mining asked to stay a group of contest proceedings and a civil penalty proceeding after entering an agreement to plead guilty to a conspiracy charge involving its dust sampling program. The Secretary of Labor agreed to seek dismissal of pending civil penalty proceedings tied to the dust…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Shady Lane Coal Company

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Shady Lane Coal Company asked to stay two contest proceedings and a civil penalty proceeding after entering an agreement to plead guilty to a conspiracy charge involving its dust sampling program. The Secretary of Labor agreed to seek dismissal of pending civil penalty proceedings tied to the dust…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Classic Coal Corporation

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Classic Coal Corporation was involved in contest proceedings and a civil penalty proceeding concerning its Mine No. 1 dust-sampling program. The company stated that it had entered an agreement to plead guilty to conspiracy to defraud the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The Secretary of Labor…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

American Carbon Corporation

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

American Carbon Corporation asked to stay a civil penalty proceeding after entering an agreement to plead guilty to a conspiracy charge involving its dust sampling program. The Secretary of Labor agreed to seek dismissal of pending civil penalty proceedings tied to the dust sampling violations and…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Black Nugget Mining, Inc.

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Black Nugget Mining, Inc. was involved in a civil penalty proceeding concerning its Mine No. 1 dust-sampling program. The company stated that it had entered an agreement to plead guilty to conspiracy to defraud the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The Secretary of Labor agreed to move to…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Good Times Mining, Inc.

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Good Times Mining asked the judge to stay a pending civil penalty proceeding after entering an agreement to plead guilty to a conspiracy charge involving its dust sampling program. The Secretary of Labor agreed to seek dismissal of pending civil penalty proceedings connected to the dust sampling…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

L & L Energy OF Hurley, Inc.

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

L & L Energy of Hurley, Inc. was involved in a civil penalty proceeding concerning its Mine No. 2 dust-sampling program. The company stated that it had entered an agreement to plead guilty to conspiracy to defraud the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The Secretary of Labor agreed to move to…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Sunset Land & Coal Company

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Sunset Land & Coal Company asked to stay a group of contest proceedings and a civil penalty proceeding after entering an agreement to plead guilty to a conspiracy charge involving its dust sampling program. The Secretary of Labor agreed to seek dismissal of pending civil penalty proceedings tied to…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Red Dog Coal Corporation

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Red Dog Coal Corporation was involved in contest proceedings and a civil penalty proceeding concerning its Mine No. 3 dust-sampling program. The company stated that it had entered an agreement to plead guilty to conspiracy to defraud the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The Secretary of Labor…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Delbarton Mining Corp.

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Delbarton Mining Corp. was involved in a civil penalty proceeding concerning its Mine No. 1 dust-sampling program. The company stated that it had entered an agreement to plead guilty to conspiracy to defraud the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The Secretary of Labor agreed to move to dismiss…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Dotson & Rife Coal Co., Inc.,

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Dotson & Rife Coal Co. operated Mine No. 1 and asked to stay a group of contest proceedings and a civil penalty proceeding after entering an agreement to plead guilty to a conspiracy charge involving its dust sampling program. The Secretary of Labor agreed to seek dismissal of pending civil penalty…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Edd Potter Coal Company

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Edd Potter Coal Company was involved in contest proceedings and a civil penalty proceeding concerning its Mine No. 2 dust-sampling program. The company stated that it had entered an agreement to plead guilty to conspiracy to defraud the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The Secretary of Labor…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Red Dog Coal Corporation

Proceedings stayed pending criminal case

Red Dog Coal Corporation was involved in a contest proceeding and a civil penalty proceeding concerning its Mine No. 3-A dust-sampling program. The company stated that it had entered an agreement to plead guilty to conspiracy to defraud the Mine Safety and Health Administration. The Secretary of…

October 18, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

PPG Industries, Inc.

Omitted settlement item affirmed at $200

PPG Industries and the Secretary previously settled numerous serious, willful, and other-than-serious citation items. After the settlement became final, the parties discovered that serious citation item 13 had been omitted from the written agreement. They jointly stated that the item was supposed…

October 18, 1991 ·OSHRC
Modified
COMM

Super Excavators, Inc.

Offsite hazard documents led to a de minimis notice and a $60 violation

Super Excavators had an effective written hazard-communication program, but kept the written program and material safety data sheets at its main office rather than at a sewer-construction worksite 22 miles away. The Commission converted the written-program item to a de minimis notice because the…

October 18, 1991 ·OSHRC
Modified
COMM

Consolidated Freightways Corp.

Corrosive-dye PPE violation was serious

Consolidated Freightways employees handled and cleaned up a leaking drum of corrosive powdered dye without suitable personal protective equipment. Supervisors knew about the spill but left untrained workers to decide what protection to use, and the company's safety guides were not adequately…

October 17, 1991 ·OSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Discrimination complaint withdrawn and dismissed

J. Mike Plevich filed a Mine Act discrimination complaint against Consolidation Coal Company. He later withdrew the complaint after receiving favorable results through a grievance procedure. Judge Paul Merlin granted the withdrawal request and dismissed the case. No civil penalty was assessed.

October 16, 1991 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

San Juan Coal Company

Grounding citations vacated and highwall citation affirmed

San Juan Coal Company operated the San Juan Mine and Plant and the La Plata Mine. The parties settled 22 of 26 alleged violations, including a CENT 90-110 citation that was modified and resolved with a $147 penalty. The judge vacated three grounding citations involving two toaster ovens and a…

October 16, 1991 ·Michael A. Lasher ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Gatliff Coal Company, Inc.

Emergency communication order modified and penalty assessed

Gatliff Coal operated a surface strip coal mine in Kentucky. After a fatal truck accident, workers had to travel to a public telephone because no company radio was available at the job site. The judge found a violation of the emergency-communication standard, but concluded that it was not…

October 10, 1991 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Carroll Frank Bluemel, Employed by South Texas Aggregates, Incorporated

Individual penalty assessed for knowingly authorizing hazardous equipment use

Carroll Frank Bluemel was the mine superintendent at South Texas Aggregates' Helotes Mine. After a front-end loader fire injured an operator, Bluemel later authorized use of another loader even though he knew or had reason to know that its hydraulic system and emergency engine shutoff remained…

October 10, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Allen's Casing Crews, Inc.

Lanyard item remanded for review of the correct evidence

OSHA inspected Allen's Casing Crews after an employee fell from an oil-drilling rig and died. One citation item concerned a lanyard used later by a replacement crew member whose snap-hook spring was missing, while a separate item concerned the longer lanyard used by the employee who fell. The judge…

October 8, 1991 ·OSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Steven Brown for United Steelworkers of America, District 38, Subdistrict 7 v. Sunshine Mining Company

Compensation complaint dismissed for lack of jurisdiction

Contract miners at Sunshine Mining's Kellogg operation claimed they should receive incentive-rate pay while attending mandatory MSHA safety training. Sunshine maintained that miners were entitled only to the applicable wage-table rate. Judge John J. Morris concluded that the Commission had no…

October 7, 1991 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Beco Construction Co., Inc.

Equal Access to Justice Act application dismissed after settlement

Beco Construction filed an Equal Access to Justice Act application related to two earlier contest proceedings. The parties reached an amicable settlement before a hearing. Judge John J. Morris dismissed the application based on that settlement. The order does not state that any fee or expense award…

October 7, 1991 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Contests of Respirable Dust Sample Alteration Citations

Privilege rulings reconsidered and documents ordered produced

This master-docket discovery order concerned documents related to alleged alteration of respirable coal mine dust samples. Judge James A. Broderick granted the Secretary's motion to reconsider earlier privilege rulings after reviewing the documents in camera. He kept three documents protected as…

October 7, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Contests of Respirable Dust Sample Alteration Citations

Master discovery plan adopted for respirable dust sample alteration cases

This master-docket order governed discovery in cases involving alleged alteration of coal dust filter media. Judge James A. Broderick adopted a discovery plan covering document repository access, filter examination and nondestructive testing, depositions, expert reports, and later case-specific…

October 4, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

All Phase Electric & Maintenance, Inc.

Informal-conference request did not contest citations

OSHA cited All Phase Electric for two serious electrical violations and one other-than-serious posting violation, with $240 in proposed penalties. The company received the citations on December 18, 1989, but did not submit a written notice of contest within the 15-working-day period ending January…

October 4, 1991 ·OSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Citation modified and penalty set at $50

Consolidation Coal Company operated the Arkwright No. 1 Mine. MSHA cited a split outer jacket on a cable powering a continuous mining machine under 30 C.F.R. § 75.517. The operator stipulated to the violation, but Judge Avram Weisberger found that the Secretary did not prove the violation was…

September 30, 1991 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Contests of Respirable Dust Sample Alteration Citations

Discovery deadlines extended for mine operators

This master-docket order extended discovery deadlines for mine operators involved in cases alleging alteration of respirable dust samples. Judge James A. Broderick gave operators who joined the case between June 28 and September 17, 1991, 40 days from September 17 to respond to discovery, inspect…

September 30, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Island Creek Coal Company

Late compensation complaint allowed to proceed

Roy Farmer and other miners sought compensation after an imminent-danger order at Island Creek Coal Company's VP-3 Mine. Their complaint was filed more than six months after the order, beyond the 90-day period in Commission Rule 35. On remand, Judge Gary Melick found good cause for the late…

September 27, 1991 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Contests of Respirable Dust Sample Alteration Citations

Privilege rulings reconsidered and documents ordered produced

This master-docket discovery order addressed documents concerning alleged alteration of respirable dust samples, including materials related to 30 C.F.R. § 70.209(b). Judge James A. Broderick granted reconsideration of earlier privilege rulings, upheld protection for some investigative…

September 27, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Arch of Kentucky, Inc.

Settlement approved for ventilation violation

Arch of Kentucky operated the No. 37 Mine, where MSHA found that airflow on a longwall section was below the amount required by the approved ventilation plan. The parties settled after the order was changed from an unwarrantable-failure action to a section 104(a) significant-and-substantial…

September 25, 1991 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Coal Mac Incorporated

Settlement partly approved with S&S findings retained

Coal Mac operated the Coal Mac No. 17 and No. 7 Surface mines. The parties sought to reduce several significant-and-substantial designations and civil penalties across citations involving mobile equipment, storage, explosives, brakes, guards, and other safety conditions. Judge William Fauver…

September 25, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Gatliff Coal Company, Inc.

Emergency communication violation found and remanded

Gatliff Coal operated a surface strip coal mine where an employee died after a truck accident and workers had to leave the mine property to find a telephone because no company two-way radio was present. The Commission held that employee-owned CB radios did not satisfy the requirement for an…

September 25, 1991 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Phillips 66 Company

Union abatement objections required settlement remand

After an explosion and fire at a Phillips 66 petrochemical facility, OSHA alleged 566 willful general-duty-clause violations and proposed more than $5.6 million in penalties. A proposed settlement removed the willful classification, set a $4 million payment, and extended abatement schedules across…

September 25, 1991 ·OSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Lang Brothers Inc.

Mine Act covers gas-well contractor operations serving a coal mine

Lang Brothers cleaned and plugged gas wells for Consolidation Coal's Blacksville No. 2 Mine. Lang argued that its work involved gas wells rather than coal mining, that it was not a mine operator, and that OSHA rather than MSHA had jurisdiction. The Commission held that the work was integral to coal…

September 24, 1991 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Cyprus Tonopah Mining Corporation

Ground-control violations modified and penalties assessed

Cyprus operated an open-pit molybdenum mine in Tonopah, Nevada. Judge Michael A. Lasher found violations involving loose rock and inadequate catch benches in the Pushback 1 pit under 30 C.F.R. §§ 56.3200 and 56.3130, and found that Cyprus's failure to maintain the conditions was unwarrantable. He…

September 23, 1991 ·Michael A. Lasher ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Hickory Coal Company

Final order sets $600 penalty in three installments

A prior decision found that Hickory Coal violated section 103(a) of the Mine Act, and the case remained open for civil-penalty assessment. Judge William Fauver noted that the Department of Justice had obtained a default judgment for unpaid penalties and that the company was discussing a payment…

September 23, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Summit Incorporated

Backhoe walkway citation affirmed and settlement approved

Summit operated the Richmond Hill gold mine. MSHA cited a backhoe walkway that was about four and a half feet above the ground and lacked handrails and midrails. Judge John J. Morris held that the platform was an elevated walkway covered by 30 C.F.R. § 56.11002, affirmed the citation and a $20…

September 23, 1991 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Drummond Company, Inc.

Unwarrantable-failure finding vacated and remanded

Drummond operated an underground coal mine where MSHA found deep accumulations of combustible material and float coal dust around several conveyor belts. The ALJ modified a section 104(d)(1) citation by vacating the unwarrantable-failure finding. The Commission held that Drummond had reason to know…

September 20, 1991 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Bulk Transportation Services, Inc.

Commission affirms operator status and $25 penalty

Bulk Transportation Services arranged exclusive coal haulage from BethEnergy's Mine No. 33 to a generating station through subcontractors. A subcontractor raised a truck bed into an energized 46-kilovolt powerline, and MSHA cited Bulk for violating the high-voltage clearance standard. The…

September 20, 1991 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Featherlite Building Products Corporation

Clerical correction approves $1,552 in paid penalties

This order amended a prior decision to correct a clerical error and approve penalties for three citations that Featherlite accepted and paid without formal litigation. The citations involved standards 30 C.F.R. § 56.12032 twice and 30 C.F.R. § 56.12016 once. Judge August F. Cetti approved the…

September 20, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

General Chemical Company

Training-schedule settlement dismisses discrimination complaints

Four miners alleged that General Chemical Company discriminated against them by scheduling annual refresher training outside their normal shifts. The settlement gave rotating-shift and surface-production employees options for receiving the required training during their normal work hours or on the…

September 19, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Jamieson Company

Two citations affirmed with $220 in penalties and two vacated

Jamieson operated a sand and gravel facility where an inspector found a displaced conveyor guard and an unprotected 440-volt power cable across a driveway. Judge John J. Morris found that the skirting guard was not securely in place and affirmed that citation with a $20 penalty, while affirming the…

September 19, 1991 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Toler Creek Energy, Inc.

Settlement partly approved and merger requests denied

Toler Creek Energy asked the judge to approve a settlement covering citations and orders at its No. 1 and No. 2 Mines. Judge William Fauver approved reduced penalties for six citations and orders, totaling $4,850, and required payment within 30 days. He denied requests to merge several other…

September 19, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Ideal Cement Company

Side-screen equipment violation affirmed with $8,000 penalty

Ideal Cement operated a modified front-end loader without side screens while an employee used it inside a kiln. After a fatal accident, MSHA cited the company for operating equipment with a safety-affecting defect under 30 C.F.R. § 56.9002. On remand, the ALJ applied the reasonably prudent person…

September 18, 1991 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

LJ'S Coal Corporation

Mixed rulings impose $1,644 in penalties

An ALJ reviewed several safety citations and orders issued at LJ's Coal Corporation's No. 1 Mine. The judge dismissed one mine-rescue citation because the records did not prove that the apparatus itself had gone untested for 30 days. He affirmed violations involving high-voltage cables, an exposed…

September 18, 1991 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Shamrock Coal Company, Inc.

Discriminatory discharges found

Shamrock Coal operated an underground coal mine where Lonnie Ross and Charles Gilbert worked on a maintenance crew. They complained about doing electrical work without certified mine electricians, the pressure created by a 10-hour work schedule, and the failure to replace a crew member on vacation…

September 18, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

United States Steel Mining Company, Incorporated

Dryer citation vacated

United States Steel Mining operated the Pinnacle Prep Plant. MSHA cited the plant under 30 C.F.R. § 77.200 after an inspector saw a deteriorated concrete floor and a damaged thermal dryer enclosure that allowed hot embers and coal dust to escape. The judge found that the enclosure was not…

September 16, 1991 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

U.S. Steel Mining Company, Inc.

Electrical-work citation vacated

U.S. Steel Mining was cited after a shuttle-car operator taped a nick in a deenergized and locked-out trailing cable without a qualified electrician present. Judge George A. Koutras found that the taping was mechanical work, not electrical work requiring a qualified person under the cited…

September 16, 1991 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

U.S. Steel Mining Company, Inc.

Battery-charging citation affirmed

U.S. Steel Mining operated the Gary No. 50 Mine. MSHA cited a battery-charging station because its corrugated-metal enclosure left portions of wooden support timbers exposed, contrary to the requirement that the station be housed in a fireproof structure or area. Judge George A. Koutras found that…

September 16, 1991 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Duininck Brothers, Inc.

Noise citations affirmed

Duininck Brothers operated sand and gravel crushing units where a tractor operator and a bulldozer operator were exposed to noise above the regulatory limit. The judge found that personal hearing protection did not remove the need to use feasible engineering or administrative controls, and that…

September 16, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Contests of Respirable Dust Sample Alteration Citations

Discovery motions partly granted

This order addressed several contestants' motions to compel discovery in a master docket involving alleged alteration of respirable dust samples. Judge James A. Broderick upheld the Secretary of Labor's privilege claims for specified documents, ordered other documents submitted for in camera…

September 13, 1991 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Miami Industries, Inc.

OSHA approval estopped stricter machine-guarding enforcement

Miami Industries used hinged barrier guards around tube-mill rollers after an OSHA compliance officer approved the design following an earlier citation. OSHA also used Miami's blueprints as a model for other employers and conducted later inspections for almost ten years without citing the guards…

September 13, 1991 ·OSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Yerington Construction Company

Dozer citations affirmed

Yerington Construction operated a portable crushing plant and used a Case 450 dozer on a stockpile. The foreman did not perform the required pre-shift inspection, and the dozer was kept in service even though its service brakes did not work on one side. The judge found that the company was…

September 11, 1991 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Asbestos Abatement Consultation and Engineering

Timely EAJA application could be amended

Asbestos Abatement Consultation and Engineering prevailed after the Secretary withdrew the remaining asbestos citation items and then sought $4,207.34 in attorney fees and costs under the Equal Access to Justice Act. The Commission held that the 30-day application period began when its underlying…

September 11, 1991 ·OSHRC
Procedural

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.