Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

14,272 decisions and counting · Latest decision August 26, 2026
14,272 decisions

No decisions match these filters

Try fewer or different words, check the spelling, or clear the filters to browse everything.

ALJ

CNB Coal Company, Inc.

Motion to dismiss denied because late filing did not prejudice the operator

CNB Coal Company asked the judge to dismiss a civil penalty proceeding because the Secretary filed the penalty petition after the 45-day deadline. The judge found that the unusually large number of citations and contests processed during the period provided adequate cause for the delay. CNB did not…

February 21, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

S & L Coal Company

Motion to dismiss late penalty petition denied

S & L Coal Company asked the judge to dismiss a civil penalty proceeding because the Secretary filed the penalty petition after the deadline in Commission Rule 27. The Secretary explained that an extraordinary volume of citations and contest notices had caused the delay. Judge James A. Broderick…

February 21, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Price Chopper Supermarkets, A Golub Corporation Company

Injury log required at each store

Price Chopper kept separate OSHA injury and illness logs for its 76 supermarkets at a central office. Employees could request a store's log by telephone and receive it at home by mail or at the store by truck delivery within about 48 hours. The Commission held that this procedure did not satisfy…

February 21, 1992 ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Peters & Garman Construction

Defaults vacated and settlements approved

Peters & Garman Construction and the Secretary reached settlements in two civil penalty proceedings, but the settlement papers were delayed while the operator's counsel was out of state. Judge Paul Merlin found that relief from default was warranted because default is a harsh remedy and the parties…

February 20, 1992 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Right-Gard Corporation

Pro se employer given hearing on default relief

An OSHRC judge dismissed Right-Gard Corporation's notice of contest and assessed $13,470 after the company did not answer the Secretary's complaint or retrieve and respond to a certified show-cause order. The Commission found that the required notice procedures had been followed and that postal…

February 20, 1992 ·OSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Mountaineer Coal Company, Inc.

Common-issues findings lead to a mine-specific trial

This consolidated proceeding concerned roughly 5,000 citations issued to more than 800 mines for alleged intentional alteration of respirable-dust filter weights. After a common-issues trial, Judge James A. Broderick found that the Secretary's circumstantial evidence did not establish that the…

February 19, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Betty B Coal Company, Inc.

Dust citation settlement approved for $2,880

Betty B Coal Company and the Secretary settled three alleged respirable-dust violations under 30 C.F.R. § 70.209(b). The violations had originally carried total proposed penalties of $3,600, and the parties disputed whether the conduct was deliberate and the degree of negligence. Judge James A…

February 19, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

High-risk injury program found discriminatory

Union safety committeemen Larry E. Swift, Mark Snyder, and Randy Cunningham challenged Consolidation Coal Company's Dilworth Mine Program for High Risk Employees. The program increased counseling, retraining, suspension, and discharge based on reported work-related injuries, including some injuries…

February 19, 1992 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Other
COMM

Mettiki Coal Corporation

Petition for reconsideration denied

The Commission had previously remanded this proceeding to the presiding administrative law judge. Mettiki Coal Corporation then petitioned for reconsideration, and the Secretary of Labor filed a response. The Commission denied the petition after considering both filings.

February 18, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Corporation

Motion to vacate respirable-dust citations denied

Mettiki Coal Corporation and several other operators asked the judge to vacate 87 respirable-dust citations issued after MSHA found abnormal white centers on submitted samples. They argued that the Secretary had not issued the citations with reasonable promptness and that the delay prejudiced their…

February 18, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Shick, employed by Muncie Sand & Gravel, Inc.

Knowing brake violation affirmed with $400 penalty

Robert Shick was the mine superintendent at an open-pit sand and gravel mine. MSHA found that a front-end loader had defective service brakes but was still used to load customer trucks and travel on inclined haulage roads. Judge William Fauver found that Shick knowingly authorized and ordered the…

February 18, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

United Mine Workers of America on Behalf of Dan Nelson,

United Mine Workers of America on behalf of Dan Nelson and others (FMSHRC SE 88-93-D and SE 88-92-D): Discrimination complaints dismissed

The United Mine Workers of America filed two discrimination proceedings on behalf of miners against MSHA and individual MSHA employees. The complaints alleged violations of section 105(c) of the Mine Act. Judge Avram Weisberger concluded that MSHA and its employees were not persons subject to…

February 14, 1992 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Zeigler Coal Company

Citation affirmed on summary decision

Zeigler Coal Company operated Mine No. 11. Judge Avram Weisberger granted the Secretary of Labor's motion for summary decision on Citation No. 3847634. He affirmed the citation as a violation of 30 C.F.R. § 75.316, consistent with a decision by Judge George A. Koutras in a related docket. The order…

February 14, 1992 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Zeigler Coal Company

Citation affirmed on summary decision

Zeigler Coal Company operated the Spartan Mine. Judge Avram Weisberger granted the Secretary of Labor's motion for summary decision on Citation No. 3847637. He affirmed the citation as a violation of 30 C.F.R. § 75.316, consistent with a decision by Judge George A. Koutras in a related docket. The…

February 14, 1992 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

U. S. Steel Mining Company, Inc.

Weekly examination citation affirmed, one citation vacated

U. S. Steel Mining Company operated the Pinnacle Prep Plant and Gary No. 50 Mine. Judge Roy J. Maurer approved a settlement that affirmed Citation No. 3340442 for $112 and vacated Citation No. 3340443. He also affirmed Citation No. 3741045 under 30 C.F.R. § 75.512-2 because electrical equipment had…

February 12, 1992 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Jeddo-Highland Coal Company

Proceeding dismissed after penalty paid

Jeddo-Highland Coal Company paid the proposed $1,100 penalty in full on January 20, 1992. The Secretary of Labor moved to dismiss the civil penalty proceeding after payment. Judge James A. Broderick granted the motion and dismissed the proceeding.

February 12, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Zeigler Coal Company

Power-connection violation affirmed with $275 penalty

Zeigler Coal Company operated the Murdock Mine, an underground bituminous coal mine. MSHA cited the company after return air was coursed over nonpermissible power connection points outby the last open crosscut, in violation of 30 C.F.R. § 75.507. Judge George A. Koutras found the violation…

February 12, 1992 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Walker Coal Company

Settlement approved at $4,000

Walker Coal Company faced five alleged violations of 30 C.F.R. § 70.209(b) in two civil penalty proceedings. The parties disputed whether the violations resulted from a deliberate act and disagreed about the degree of negligence. Judge James A. Broderick approved their settlement, reducing the…

February 12, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corporation

Temporary reinstatement ordered

Robert W. Buelke, an electrician at Santa Fe Pacific Gold's Rabbit Creek Mine, reported electrical safety concerns and was later discharged. The Secretary of Labor determined that his discrimination complaint was not frivolously brought and applied for temporary reinstatement while the…

February 11, 1992 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Peters & Garman Construction

Default order vacated and case remanded

Peters & Garman Construction failed to answer the Secretary of Labor's civil penalty petition and an order to show cause, so the chief administrative law judge entered a default order and assessed the proposed $227 penalty. The parties later asked to rescind the default order and approve their…

February 11, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Peters & Garman Construction

Default order vacated and case remanded

Peters & Garman Construction failed to answer the Secretary of Labor's civil penalty petition and the judge's order to show cause. Chief Administrative Law Judge Paul Merlin entered a default order and assessed the Secretary's proposed $40 penalty. The parties later asked to rescind the default…

February 11, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Navasota Mining Company Incorporated

Citations vacated and penalty docket dismissed

At Navasota Mining Company's Gibbons Creek Mine, MSHA first cited a hazardous side-clearance condition on a haul road after a collision that resulted in fatal injuries to a coal truck operator. MSHA later terminated that citation after corrective action, then attempted to modify it more than 13…

February 11, 1992 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Highlands County Board of Commissioners

Two citations affirmed with $35 total penalty

Highlands County Board of Commissioners operated the Charlotte County Shell Pit Mine, where MSHA cited an unguarded pump belt drive and a front-end loader parking brake that would not hold the machine on a grade. Judge George A. Koutras affirmed both citations, finding that the pump belt drive was…

February 10, 1992 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Discrimination complaint withdrawn and dismissed

Larry E. Swift asked to withdraw his discrimination complaint against Consolidation Coal Company. Judge Gary Melick granted permission to withdraw the complaint under 29 C.F.R. § 2700.11 and dismissed the case.

February 10, 1992 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Trinity Industries Inc.

Machine and electrical case settled for $800

OSHA inspected two Trinity Industries railcar fabrication plants in Dallas and cited numerous machine guarding, crane, electrical, tool, fire extinguisher, sling, and hazard communication conditions. An OSHRC judge affirmed several serious and other-than-serious items and vacated others. During…

February 10, 1992 ·OSHRC
Settled
COMM

American Cyanamid Company

Label ruling narrowed but safety-data-sheet item affirmed

American Cyanamid manufactured resins and molding compounds for shipment to plastics-industry customers. OSHA alleged that several container labels lacked appropriate target-organ warnings and that material safety data sheets omitted short-term exposure limits. The Commission rejected OSHA's…

February 7, 1992 ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Tire Reclamation Services, Inc.

Parties allowed to revisit settlement after fire

Tire Reclamation Services agreed to settle OSHA citations for a total penalty of $450. After an OSHRC judge approved the agreement, the company's vice president reported that a fire had closed the business and left it without funds to pay. The Commission held that this changed circumstance did not…

February 6, 1992 ·OSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Settlement approved and contest dismissed

Consolidation Coal Company agreed to pay the proposed $379 penalty for an alleged violation of 30 C.F.R. § 75.400 at the Robinson Run No. 95 Mine. Judge George A. Koutras approved the settlement after noting that the condition was rapidly abated and that the violation involved moderate negligence…

February 4, 1992 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Settlement approved and related contests dismissed

Consolidation Coal Company faced five alleged violations at the Robinson Run No. 95 Mine. Judge George A. Koutras approved settlements for two citations, reducing the proposed penalty from $310 each to $186 each after the citations were modified from significant and substantial to non-significant…

February 4, 1992 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Essroc Corporation

Premature review petition dismissed without prejudice

Essroc Corporation sought Commission review of an ALJ decision involving Clifford Meek's Mine Act discrimination claim. The ALJ had found a violation of section 105(c) but had not set specific monetary relief and had ordered the parties to confer about damages. Because the December 24, 1991…

January 31, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Essroc Corporation

Discrimination proceeding kept open for monetary relief

Clifford Meek brought a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against Essroc Corporation. An earlier decision found that Essroc discriminated against him by refusing to employ him because of his protected activities, but left monetary relief for a later decision. Judge William Fauver formally denied…

January 31, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Thomas Cates, Employed by Green River Coal Company, Incorporated

Consolidated penalty cases dismissed

The Secretary of Labor brought civil penalty proceedings against Thomas Cates and Stephen Whitledge, agents of Green River Coal Company, under section 110(c) of the Mine Act. The cases alleged that they knowingly authorized, ordered, or carried out a mine operator's electrical-safety violation…

January 31, 1992 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Shamrock Coal Company

Discrimination proceeding settled and dismissed

Elmer Richard Couch brought a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against Shamrock Coal Company. The parties filed a joint motion asking the judge to approve their settlement and dismiss the action with prejudice. Judge Roy J. Maurer approved the settlement, allowed Couch to withdraw his complaint…

January 30, 1992 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Gray Stone Mining, Inc.

Contest dismissed after penalty payment

Gray Stone Mining contested a citation issued at the Pokey No. 1 Mine. The Secretary moved to dismiss after the company voluntarily paid the proposed penalty instead of contesting it. Judge James A. Broderick granted the motion and dismissed the contest. The citation and penalty became a final…

January 28, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Anderson Equipment Company

Training citation affirmed without S&S finding

Anderson Equipment Company was cited after employee Timothy Drake worked at a mine site without comprehensive training under an MSHA-approved plan. Judge Roy J. Maurer found that Drake was a maintenance worker who worked frequently and for extended periods around mine hazards, so 30 C.F.R. §…

January 28, 1992 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Blue Diamond Coal Company

Settlement approved and contests dismissed

Blue Diamond Coal Company contested eight citations at the Middle Taggart and Scotia Mines. The Secretary and the operator agreed to reduce the total proposed penalties from $10,800 to $8,740, and the operator agreed to withdraw its contests. The operator was in Chapter 11 bankruptcy, so the…

January 28, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Shamrock Coal Company, Inc.

Discrimination relief ordered

Shamrock Coal was previously found to have discharged Lonnie Ross and Charles Gilbert because they made safety complaints. Judge William Fauver set the monetary relief for both miners, including back pay, interest, medical costs, retirement-account tax penalties, tax withholdings, litigation costs…

January 28, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
COMM

United Rock Products Corp.

Default order vacated and remanded

United Rock Products failed to answer a civil penalty petition and a judge's show-cause order, so the judge entered a default order assessing the proposed $3,670 penalty. The company's safety director later sent its answer to the wrong office and asked that the default be revoked. The Commission…

January 27, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Turner v. New World Mining, Inc.

Late review request allowed to proceed

Wayne Turner challenged an administrative law judge's decision that New World Mining had not discriminated against him under the Mine Act. His lawyer's filing arrived after the 30-day deadline and was treated as a brief instead of a petition for discretionary review. The Commission found that…

January 27, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Smith v. Kem Coal Company

Discrimination decision vacated and remanded

Charles Smith said Kem Coal discharged him after he complained about coal falling onto his bulldozer and threatened to report safety concerns to MSHA. The administrative law judge found discrimination and awarded back pay, damages, and attorney fees. The Commission found unresolved conflicts in the…

January 27, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Zeigler Coal Company

One citation settled and one affirmed

Zeigler Coal Company faced two ventilation-related citations at its No. 11 Mine. The company agreed to pay the full $20 penalty for a battery-charging-station citation under 30 C.F.R. § 75.1105, and that settlement was approved. Judge George A. Koutras found that the company also violated 30 C.F.R…

January 24, 1992 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Brown Brothers Sand Company

Five safety citations affirmed with civil penalties

Brown Brothers Sand Company operated a small sand mine employing nine to ten people. Judge George A. Koutras affirmed five citations involving an unguarded V-belt drive, a shattered loader windshield, two inoperative parking brakes, and excessive dredge noise. He found the windshield and noise…

January 23, 1992 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Explosives Technologies International, Inc.

Noise violation affirmed, equipment-defect violation vacated

Explosives Technologies International performed drilling and explosives work at a crushed granite surface mine in Oklahoma. An MSHA inspection found that a drill operator's noise exposure exceeded the permissible limit and that the operator was not using feasible engineering or administrative…

January 23, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

In re: Contests of Respirable Dust Sample Alteration Citations

Motion to compel denied as untimely

Contestants in a consolidated respirable-dust citation proceeding asked Judge James A. Broderick to compel the Secretary of Labor to answer interrogatories and produce documents. The parties had agreed to a discovery schedule, and later Commission orders extended the deadlines. The motion to compel…

January 23, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Trinity Industries, Inc.

Electrical penalty cut but four serious violations upheld

Trinity Industries manufactured chemical-processing tanks at its Sharonville, Ohio plant. The Commission upheld serious violations for failing to protect an employee walking on top of a tank from a nine-foot fall, leaving a compressed-gas cylinder without a valve cap, and allowing welding arcs to…

January 23, 1992 ·OSHRC
Modified
COMM

American Sterilizer Co.

Employees may designate monitoring observers

American Sterilizer monitored employees for noise and lead exposure at its Erie, Pennsylvania plant. It allowed monitored and other affected employees to observe the work and ask questions, but its policy barred union representatives acting in their official capacity from observing despite a…

January 22, 1992 ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Canyon Country Enterprises, D/B/A Curtis Sand & Gravel, a Corporation

Clyde C. Cole v. Canyon Country Enterprises (FMSHRC WEST 91-191-DM): Discrimination complaint dismissed as untimely and meritless

Clyde C. Cole claimed that Canyon Country Enterprises, doing business as Curtis Sand and Gravel, discriminated against him after he refused to operate a front-end loader that he believed was unsafe. Judge Michael A. Lasher, Jr. dismissed the complaint on two independent grounds. He found that…

January 21, 1992 ·Michael A. Lasher, Jr. ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

David L. Stritzel

Stay lifted and discrimination case dismissed

David L. Stritzel brought a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against the Secretary of Labor, MSHA, and two individuals. The case had been stayed while the Court of Appeals considered Wagner v. Secretary of Labor. After that court affirmed the Commission's ruling that MSHA and its employees acting…

January 21, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Peabody Coal Company

Fire-suppression citation vacated

Peabody Coal Company was cited after the tail valve for a remotely controlled continuous miner's water fire-suppression system became inoperable. The parties agreed that the system was required to operate when the miner made extended cuts under remote control, but the miner had not made an extended…

January 21, 1992 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Southern Ohio Coal Company

Settlement approved with citations affirmed, modified, and vacated

Southern Ohio Coal Company and the Secretary of Labor presented a package settlement involving five docketed matters at the Martinka No. 1 Mine and several undocketed items. The settlement required testing of switch-gear and dead-block air gaps and an interim gap between one-half and…

January 17, 1992 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Zeigler Coal Company

Settlement approved and penalty reduced to $100

Zeigler Coal Company faced a civil penalty proceeding involving its Murdock Mine. After a hearing on another matter, the Secretary of Labor moved to approve a settlement and dismiss the case, reducing the proposed penalty from $500 to $100. Judge Avram Weisberger found the settlement appropriate…

January 17, 1992 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Zeigler Coal Company

Deadman-pedal citation affirmed, other matters settled or stayed

At Zeigler Coal Company's Spartan Mine, a continuous miner's deadman pedal was stuck in the tram position. Judge Avram Weisberger found that the condition could allow unexpected movement and exposed the operator or an assistant working beside the miner to injury, so he affirmed Citation No. 3847632…

January 17, 1992 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

In re: Contests of Respirable Dust Sample Alteration Citations

Protective-order motion partly granted and partly denied

This master docket involved contests by coal mine operators of thousands of respirable-dust citations issued by the Secretary of Labor. The contestants sought to depose Assistant Secretary William J. Tattersall and former Coal Mine Safety and Health Administrator Jerry L. Spicer, and requested…

January 17, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

All Phase Electric & Maintenance, Inc.

Construction citations settled for $865

All Phase Electric & Maintenance performed electrical work at a building construction site where OSHA cited hazard communication, gasoline-container, electrical guarding, and stair-railing conditions. The company president admitted the hazard communication deficiencies and stated that he had been…

January 17, 1992 ·OSHRC
Settled
COMM

Bay State Refining Company

Lead and copper citations affirmed

Bay State manufactured brass and bronze ingots from scrap metal at its Chicopee, Massachusetts foundry. OSHA found employees overexposed to copper dust and lead and cited deficiencies in engineering controls, respirator selection and fit testing, contaminated-clothing practices, medical…

January 17, 1992 ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Minutemen Coal Co., Inc.

Dust-filter settlement approved and contest dismissed

Minutemen Coal Co., Inc. contested a citation alleging deliberate tampering with dust-filter media at its No. 4 Mine. The company denied deliberately tampering with or altering the filters, and the parties disputed the degree and existence of negligence. Judge James A. Broderick approved a…

January 15, 1992 ·James A. Broderick ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Old Ben Coal Company

Settlement approved and penalties reduced

Old Ben Coal Company faced consolidated civil penalty proceedings involving its No. 24, No. 25, and No. 26 Mines. Judge Avram Weisberger severed the cases from a larger docket so they could be decided separately, then considered the parties' settlement motion after a hearing on another matter. The…

January 15, 1992 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

New Mexico Potash Corporation

Discrimination complaint withdrawn and case dismissed

Henry Galvan asked to withdraw his discrimination complaint against New Mexico Potash Corporation. Judge Gary Melick granted permission to withdraw the complaint under 29 C.F.R. § 2700.11 and dismissed the case. The order also cancelled hearings that had been scheduled to begin on January 21, 1992.

January 15, 1992 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Grefco, Inc.

Settlement approval vacated and remanded

Grefco, Inc. contested a proposed $192 civil penalty in Docket CENT 91-176-M. An ALJ approved a settlement after the Secretary's counsel mistakenly sent the judge a letter withdrawing Grefco's contest in a different docket, CENT 91-190-M. The Commission treated Grefco's later letter as a request…

January 15, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Hicks v. Cobra Mining, Inc.

Truck-loss damages vacated and remanded

Amos Hicks prevailed on a Mine Act discrimination claim against Cobra Mining, Inc., Jerry K. Lester, and Carter Messer after his discriminatory discharge. The remaining dispute concerned the amount of consequential damages for a pickup truck that was repossessed after the discharge. The Commission…

January 13, 1992 ·FMSHRC
Remanded

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.