Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

13,427 decisions and counting · Latest decision August 18, 2026
121 decisions August F. Cetti

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ALJ

All American Ashpalt

Temporary reinstatement ordered

The Secretary sought temporary reinstatement for four All American Asphalt employees who alleged they were laid off or otherwise treated adversely after engaging in protected safety activity. Judge August F. Cetti found that the discrimination complaints were not frivolous, while emphasizing that…

January 3, 1994 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Art Beavers Construction Company

Refresher-training order affirmed

MSHA ordered Art Beavers Construction Company employees off a mine site after finding that four employees had not received the required eight-hour annual refresher training. The company disputed whether its employees were miners and whether the training rule applied, then reached a settlement with…

November 12, 1993 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

C.W. Mining Company

Citation for operating without an approved roof-control plan affirmed

C.W. Mining operated the Bear Canyon No. 1 underground coal mine in Utah without an approved roof-control plan after MSHA revoked the mine's prior plan during a dispute over revisions. The judge found that the Secretary proved a violation of the requirement to develop and follow an approved…

June 24, 1993 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Fred Knobel, employed by FKC Incorporated

Mine jurisdiction upheld

The Secretary alleged that Fred Knobel, an officer of FKC Incorporated, was individually liable for an unguarded tail pulley on a portable rock crusher. The parties asked the judge to decide whether MSHA had jurisdiction over the portable crusher before the merits were resolved. Judge August F…

April 22, 1993 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

U.S. Borax

Retaliatory suspension found

U.S. Borax suspended chief production operator Stephen D. Jungers after he raised concerns about how sodium dithionite fires were handled at the Boron Mill. Judge August F. Cetti found that Jungers made good-faith safety complaints, that the suspension followed those complaints closely, and that…

February 24, 1993 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

C.W. Mining Company

Four citations modified, four vacated

C.W. Mining operated the Bear Canyon No. 1 underground coal mine and contested citations involving fire sensors, roof support, and other safety standards. The Judge affirmed four citations, modified two roof citations to remove the significant-and-substantial designation, and vacated four citations…

January 28, 1993 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Powderhorn Coal Company

Inadequate mine illumination supported a $20 penalty

Powderhorn Coal Company operated the Roadside Mine. MSHA cited the company for failing to provide sufficient illumination at a surface electrical substation, switch panels, and the walkway leading to them. The ALJ credited the inspector's testimony that the area and path were dark and hazardous…

November 27, 1992 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Energy Fuels Coal Incorporated

One citation vacated, four affirmed as modified for $220

Energy Fuels Coal Incorporated operated the underground Southfield Mine in Colorado. MSHA alleged five significant and substantial violations involving electrical equipment, compressor housing, combustible coal dust, and a loose rib. Judge August F. Cetti vacated one electrical-equipment citation…

November 6, 1992 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corporation

Temporary reinstatement ordered after second discharge

Robert W. Buelke, an electrician at Santa Fe Pacific Gold’s Rabbit Creek Mine, was discharged for a second time after making safety complaints and being involved in disputes about electrical work and attendance. Judge August F. Cetti found that the Secretary had made the required minimal showing…

August 19, 1992 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Walker Stone Company, Inc.

Four citations affirmed and $224 penalty assessed

Walker Stone Company operated a small stone mine and portable plant. The judge affirmed one citation for dry vegetation within 25 feet of explosive-material magazines and three significant and substantial citations for conveyor tail-pulley guards that could not withstand normal operating…

August 12, 1992 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Asarco, Incorporated

Stop-cord citations vacated

Asarco contested two citations alleging that emergency stop cords on conveyor belts were not properly located and an order concerning a separate mine standard. Judge August F. Cetti found that the stop cords were positioned so a person could readily deactivate the conveyors and rejected the…

May 7, 1992 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

C.W. Mining Company

SCSR-storage citation modified and $500 penalty assessed

C.W. Mining Company was cited at its Bear Canyon No. 1 underground coal mine after a mantrip left the mine without a self-contained self-rescuer for each rider. The judge found that the storage-plan violation was serious and involved high negligence, but that the evidence did not establish the…

February 25, 1992 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corporation

Temporary reinstatement ordered

Robert W. Buelke, an electrician at Santa Fe Pacific Gold's Rabbit Creek Mine, reported electrical safety concerns and was later discharged. The Secretary of Labor determined that his discrimination complaint was not frivolously brought and applied for temporary reinstatement while the…

February 11, 1992 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co-York CNYN Complex

One citation affirmed, five modified

The Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company contested six significant-and-substantial citations issued at the York Canyon Underground Mine. The judge affirmed the citation for a Caterpillar scraper that lacked an adequate automatic backup alarm and assessed the proposed $112 penalty. The parties…

December 26, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company

Citations modified and affirmed with $397.25 penalty

Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Company contested two citations at its York Canyon Surface Mine. The parties agreed to remove the significant-and-substantial designation from both citations and reduce the penalties to $80 and $317.25. Judge August F. Cetti found the proposed settlement reasonable…

November 18, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Joseph Culp v. Mid-Continent Resources, Inc.

Discrimination settlement approved and paid

Joseph Culp brought a Mine Act discrimination complaint after Mid-Continent Resources terminated him following his refusal to work underground during a methane fire. He sought back pay for the period before his temporary reinstatement, but he later found other employment and no longer sought…

November 4, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Asamera Minerals (US) Incorporated

Settlement approved at $3,240

Asamera Minerals operated the Gooseberry Mine, where a miner died in a fall while replacing damaged timber dividers in a manway. MSHA issued two citations alleging violations of standards concerning fall protection and underground mine openings, with proposed penalties totaling $6,000. After the…

October 28, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Mountain Coal Company, (Successor to West Elk Coal Company, Incorporated)

Citation vacated and case dismissed

Mountain Coal Company operated the Mount Gunnison No. 1 Mine and was cited after a flame arrestor on a Jeffrey ram-car had a measured opening. The judge considered whether the equipment was maintained in permissible condition under 30 C.F.R. § 75.503, whether the violation was significant and…

October 28, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Featherlite Building Products Corporation

Clerical correction approves $1,552 in paid penalties

This order amended a prior decision to correct a clerical error and approve penalties for three citations that Featherlite accepted and paid without formal litigation. The citations involved standards 30 C.F.R. § 56.12032 twice and 30 C.F.R. § 56.12016 once. Judge August F. Cetti approved the…

September 20, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

General Chemical Company

Training-schedule settlement dismisses discrimination complaints

Four miners alleged that General Chemical Company discriminated against them by scheduling annual refresher training outside their normal shifts. The settlement gave rotating-shift and surface-production employees options for receiving the required training during their normal work hours or on the…

September 19, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

West Elk Coal Company, Inc.

Settlement approved and contest dismissed

West Elk Coal Company contested a citation concerning its mine ventilation system, and a related civil penalty proceeding concerned two alleged violations. After the hearing, the parties reached a settlement. Judge August F. Cetti approved the agreement, affirmed one citation with a $20 penalty…

August 29, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Kelly L. Diede v. Summit Incorporated

Safety-retaliation complaint dismissed

Kelly L. Diede alleged that Summit Incorporated discharged him in retaliation for reporting that the emergency brakes on a loader did not work. Diede had been hired as a temporary loader operator and was let go after eight days, while Summit said management believed he lacked the skills and…

July 22, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Energy West Mining Company

Settlement approved and contest dismissed

Energy West Mining contested an enforcement document issued at the Deer Creek Mine and received an expedited hearing with the Secretary and the United Mine Workers of America participating. The settlement redesignated the section 104(d)(1) order as a section 104(a) citation, kept the…

July 17, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Red Arrow Gold Corporation

Settlement approved with $300 penalty

Red Arrow Gold Corporation faced a civil penalty proceeding involving the Red Arrow Mine. The Secretary of Labor reported that the operator's financial situation meant the originally assessed penalties could affect its ability to remain in business. Judge August F. Cetti found the proposed…

July 12, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Western Fuels-Utah, Inc.

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Louis C. Vasquez alleged that Western Fuels-Utah transferred him to another crew and shift in retaliation for his safety complaints about methane gas. Judge August F. Cetti found that Vasquez did not establish that the transfer was motivated by protected activity. The judge credited evidence that…

June 27, 1991 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Bellaire Corporation

Safety-can citations vacated

MSHA cited Bellaire Corporation at the Indian Head Mine over red safety cans containing gasoline and another alleged violation involving mine equipment. One citation was withdrawn after MSHA determined it had been issued in error. Judge August F. Cetti found that Bellaire's written color-coding…

August 28, 1990 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Walsenburg Sand & Gravel Company

Citations affirmed with S&S findings modified

Walsenburg Sand & Gravel operated intermittent sand and gravel pits in Colorado. The judge found violations involving machine guards, electrical equipment, grounding, records, labeling, and an elevated roadway. The judge removed the significant-and-substantial characterization from nine citations…

May 23, 1990 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Black Pine Mining Company

Discrimination proceeding dismissed after settlement

Jack Winninghoff brought a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against Black Pine Mining Company. After the parties' settlement terms were fully completed, Judge August F. Cetti dismissed the case with prejudice. The order ended the proceeding and did not address the merits of the discrimination…

April 30, 1990 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Beaver Creek Coal Company

Three citations vacated, one penalty assessed

Beaver Creek faced consolidated contest and civil penalty proceedings involving roof-bolter controls, continuous-miner permissibility, a mine plan examination, and a citation the company agreed to pay. Judge August F. Cetti vacated the citations for the actuating bar, continuous miner, and seal…

April 26, 1990 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Black Pine Mining Company

Settlement approved and discrimination proceeding dismissed

The Secretary of Labor brought a discrimination proceeding on behalf of Jack Winninghoff under section 105(c) of the Mine Act. Judge August F. Cetti approved the parties' settlement, which required Black Pine Mining Company to pay Winninghoff $14,000 for all claims, including lost wages. The…

March 27, 1990 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Big Horn Calcium Company

Contest dismissed as untimely

MSHA issued Big Horn Calcium a citation for an alleged violation of 30 C.F.R. § 56.11001 at the Granite Canyon Quarry. The citation was served on the company's supervisor at the mine, but Big Horn did not file its contest within 30 days. Judge August F. Cetti rejected the argument that service on…

March 13, 1990 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Beaver Creek Coal Company

Stoppings citation reclassified and two citations affirmed

Beaver Creek Coal was cited after inspectors found damaged stoppings in a South mains belt entry used to separate an intake escapeway. The judge found that the condition violated the ventilation standard but that the evidence did not establish a reasonable likelihood of a major fire or explosion…

January 31, 1990 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Beaver Creek Coal Company

Settlement approved and penalties set at $250

Beaver Creek Coal timely contested three citations but failed to file the required blue cards for the proposed penalties, resulting in automatic final orders to pay. The judge found that the omission was excusable neglect because the operator intended to contest the citations and the procedural…

June 23, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Beaver Creek Coal Company

Settlement approved and $120 penalty assessed

MSHA charged Beaver Creek Coal Company with three safety violations at the Trail Mountain No. 9 Mine. Beaver Creek agreed to withdraw its contest and pay $20 for one citation, and to accept a redesignated section 104(a) significant-and-substantial citation with a $100 penalty for a second matter…

June 15, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Beaver Creek Coal Company

Settlement approved and $147 penalty assessed

MSHA charged Beaver Creek Coal Company with nine safety violations at the Trail Mountain No. 9 Mine. The Secretary agreed to vacate one combustible-accumulation citation for insufficient evidence, and Beaver Creek agreed to pay the proposed $147 penalty for a second combustible-accumulation…

June 15, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Cobblestone, Ltd.

Citations affirmed, modified, and vacated with $800 in penalties

Cobblestone, Ltd. operated a small pit and crusher business that MSHA inspected after the operator moved the crusher to a new location. The judge found that the plant had operated while electrical hazards were present, and affirmed most of the cited violations involving grounding, wiring, guarding…

June 6, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Falkirk Mining Company

Injury-reporting citation affirmed with $20 penalty

Falkirk Mining Company was cited for failing to report an employee's job-related back injury to MSHA on Form 7000-1. The employee strained his back while installing an overhead crane, saw a chiropractor, and then received medication and muscle relaxants from a medical doctor. Judge August F. Cetti…

May 5, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Sanger Rock & Sand

Seven mine-safety violations affirmed

Sanger Rock & Sand operated a sand and gravel mine in California. Judge August F. Cetti rejected the operator's argument that the mine was outside federal jurisdiction and found that the Mine Act applied because the operation affected interstate commerce. He affirmed seven citations involving…

March 22, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Western Key Enterprises

Three ground-control violations affirmed

MSHA cited Western Key Enterprises after a fatal ground-fall accident at the Small Fry uranium mine. The remaining violations involved failures to examine or support loose ground under the mine's ground-control requirements. Western Key admitted those violations and their…

March 6, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Thunder Basin Coal Company

Discrimination complaint dismissed after layoff review

Thunder Basin Coal Company laid off about 140 employees during a reduction in force, including electrician Robert Buelke. Buelke argued that the company selected him because he had raised safety concerns about an underground high-voltage feeder cable and had complained to MSHA. Judge August F…

February 16, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

W. K. Enterprise

Citation affirmed after penalty settlement

MSHA alleged that unsupported, loose, and unconsolidated material was present beside the Rattlesnake Mine portal, violating 30 C.F.R. § 57.3200. At hearing, the Secretary reduced the proposed penalty from $800 to $400, and W. K. Enterprise withdrew its contest to the citation and amended penalty…

February 2, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Energy Fuels Coal, Inc.

Two citations vacated and three affirmed

The Secretary charged Energy Fuels Coal, Inc. with five regulatory violations at the Southfield Mine across two dockets. The Secretary moved to vacate two citations under 30 C.F.R. § 75.323 because the evidence was insufficient, and the judge granted that motion. The parties accepted the remaining…

January 13, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Eastside Coal Company, Inc.

Settlement approved with abatement orders vacated

Eastside Coal operated a small underground coal mine and contested citations involving noise sampling and other safety requirements, along with orders alleging failures to abate. The parties agreed that the underlying citations would remain in place with reduced penalties, while the related 104(b)…

January 9, 1989 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Local Union 9958, District 22, United Mine Workers of America v. Kaiser Coal Corporation

Local Union 9958, District 22, UMWA v. Kaiser Coal Corporation (FMSHRC WEST 87-186-C): Shift compensation awarded, one-week claim denied

A withdrawal order at Kaiser's Sunnyside No. 1 Mine idled miners working on the 20th and 21st left sections. Judge August F. Cetti found that the order caused the idlement and entitled the affected miners to compensation for the balance of the shift and up to four hours of the next shift. Because…

November 28, 1988 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

FMC Wyoming Corporation

Asbestos-survey citation affirmed and other orders vacated

FMC Wyoming operated a trona mining and processing facility near Green River, Wyoming. During maintenance work removing asbestos-type insulation from a turbine, the company did not conduct exposure surveys before the work began. Judge August F. Cetti affirmed the modified citation for failing to…

June 28, 1988 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Garrick Gravel Incorporated

Three citations affirmed with $357 penalty

Garrick Gravel Incorporated admitted three safety violations but contested the proposed penalties. After a hearing at which the Secretary presented evidence and the company did not appear, Judge August F. Cetti found the violations proven and found the proposed penalty of $119 for each citation…

June 13, 1988 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Cobblestone, Ltd.

Gravel-pit citations affirmed

Cobblestone operated a small family gravel pit and argued that MSHA lacked jurisdiction because it was producing gravel for personal use during the inspection period. Judge August F. Cetti found that the gravel operation was a mine whose operations and products affected interstate commerce. He…

June 13, 1988 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

M & M Construction Inc.

Guarding citations settled for $999

MSHA cited M & M Construction at the West Ann Road Pit for eight alleged violations of the machinery-guarding standard in 30 C.F.R. § 56.14001 and one alleged violation of 30 C.F.R. § 56.14006. The parties agreed to reduce each proposed penalty from $192 to $111, for a total of $999, and M & M…

December 28, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Ticathe Industrial Company of Steamboat Springs, Inc.

Settlement approved for hoisting-equipment citation

MSHA alleged that Ticathe used a mobile crane as a manlift without the overspeed, overwind, automatic-stop controls, and brakes required by 30 C.F.R. § 77.1401. The operator contested the citation and proposed $240 penalty, arguing that the standard did not apply to a mobile crane used above…

December 1, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Colorado Westmoreland Incorporated

Citation and penalty vacated

MSHA issued Colorado Westmoreland an order, later modified to a citation, for allowing combustible material to accumulate in violation of 30 C.F.R. § 75.400. The operator cleaned up the material based on its understanding of MSHA's requirements. Because the operator relied on that understanding…

November 30, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Pioneer Sand & Gravel Company

Four citations affirmed with reduced penalty

Pioneer Sand & Gravel Company was cited for four conditions at its sand and gravel pit, including unsafe access near a primary trap, electrical conditions, and an ungrounded space heater. The judge affirmed all four citations but found that the access violation was not significant and substantial…

October 30, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

B & B Excavating, Inc.

Mixed result across eight penalty dockets

B & B Excavating operated the Eaton Pit sand and gravel mine and faced eight consolidated civil penalty dockets involving electrical, equipment, and other safety citations. The parties stipulated to the operator's jurisdiction, abatement efforts, business impact, and other background facts, and the…

August 14, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Paul Hubbs Construction Co.

Three quarry citations affirmed

Paul Hubbs Construction Company operated the Atkinson Quarry in California, where a screening plant used a 250-kilowatt generator. Judge August F. Cetti affirmed citations for a discharged fire extinguisher, an unguarded conveyor tail pulley, and an ungrounded generator. He assessed civil penalties…

August 4, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Kaiser Sand & Gravel Company

Tail-pulley citation modified to non-S&S

Kaiser Sand & Gravel was cited after an inspector found that plywood was not securely guarding a conveyor tail pulley at the Santa Margarita Quarry. Judge August F. Cetti found that the guarding standard was violated, but that the evidence did not show a reasonable likelihood of injury, so the…

July 20, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Kaiser Coal Corporation of Sunnyside

Rib-testing violation found and $1,000 assessed

Kaiser Coal Corporation of Sunnyside operated the Sunnyside No. 1 underground coal mine. After a service representative was fatally injured by a falling rib, MSHA alleged that the operator had visually examined the rib but had not physically tested it as required by 30 C.F.R. § 75.205. Judge August…

June 29, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Midacontinent Resources, Inc.

Refresher-training citation amended with a $20 penalty

Midacontinent Resources operated a coal preparation plant where MSHA alleged that a miner had not received the required annual refresher training. Further investigation showed that the miner had received annual retraining, but the operator's form did not clearly identify the training type or may…

June 8, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Coeur d'Alene Mines Corporation

Discrimination case dismissed with prejudice

The discrimination proceeding was brought by Henry C. Stairs, who died without a surviving spouse. The known next of kin did not appoint a personal representative or indicate interest in doing so after receiving notice that the case would be dismissed if no representative appeared. Judge August F…

June 8, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Vinnell Mining and Minerals Corporation

Four citations settled for $175

Vinnell Mining and Minerals faced four citations at the Oro Grande Mine with initial assessments totaling $241. Judge August F. Cetti approved the settlement after reviewing the statutory penalty criteria and the parties' explanation for reducing two assessments. The settlement reduced the total to…

June 3, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Mid-Continent Resources, Inc.

One citation affirmed and one vacated

Mid-Continent Resources faced citations for an unguarded moving machine part and for allegedly working alone in a hazardous condition at the Coal Creek Prep Plant. Judge August F. Cetti approved the settlement, reduced the first proposed penalty from $6,000 to $1,000, and affirmed that citation…

June 2, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Sanger Rock & Sand

Moving-parts citation vacated

MSHA alleged that a V-belt drive at Sanger Rock & Sand's open-pit facility was not guarded as required by 30 C.F.R. § 56.14001. Judge August F. Cetti found that the Secretary did not prove a reasonable possibility that anyone could contact the moving machine part, and did not establish that the…

May 22, 1987 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.