Statute Annotations › Federal › 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5

42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5

Enforcement provisions: the cases that interpreted this section

Jurisdiction
Federal
Case notes
12,143
Cited in passing
9,679
Citing cases indexed
29,359
Case dates
1966–2026
Screened through
2026-06-29
Courts' treatment: live
No reviewed case has held this section invalid, preempted, superseded or repealed.
This reflects what the reviewed cases said, not legislative action: a later amendment or repeal by the legislature would not appear here unless a reviewed case discussed it.

21,822 citing cases reviewed of 29,359 in the citation index: 12,143 interpreted the section (annotated below), 9,679 cited it only in passing. Cases filed after 2026-06-29 may not have been reviewed yet.

Have a situation under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5?

These notes show how courts have ruled. Ask about your specific facts and see which of these rulings apply, with citations you can check.

Later changes in law

Changes after the earliest notes below. A note stating a rule one of these changed is marked "Law changed since".

  • 1972-03-24 Pub. L. 92-261 § 4(a) moved the private-suit procedure to subsection (f)(1), lengthened the EEOC charge period from 90 to 180 days (and from 210 to 300 days after state or local proceedings), required service of charge notice within ten days, replaced the former 30-day period to sue after notice with 90 days, and authorized the EEOC to bring civil actions against employers. Source
  • 1973-05-14 McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, reversed the district court ruling that an EEOC reasonable-cause finding is required before suit; the Supreme Court held that a complainant may sue without such a finding. Source
  • 1976-06-28 Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer, 427 U.S. 445, held that the Eleventh Amendment does not bar private Title VII suits against states for retroactive relief or attorney’s fees under Congress’s Fourteenth Amendment enforcement power. Source
  • 1976-12-20 International Union of Electrical Workers v. Robbins & Myers, Inc., 429 U.S. 229, held that pursuing a contractual grievance does not postpone the discriminatory act or toll the EEOC charge-filing period. Source
  • 1977-06-20 Occidental Life Insurance Co. v. EEOC, 432 U.S. 355, held that § 2000e-5(f)(1) imposes no 180-day deadline on EEOC enforcement suits; the 180 days govern when an individual may sue. Source
  • 1978-01-23 Christiansburg Garment Co. v. EEOC, 434 U.S. 412, held that a prevailing Title VII defendant may receive fees under § 2000e-5(k) when the plaintiff's action was frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation, even without subjective bad faith; it affirmed the denial of fees in that case under the proper standard. Source
  • 1980-05-12 General Telephone Co. of the Northwest, Inc. v. EEOC, 446 U.S. 318, held that Rule 23 does not apply to an EEOC enforcement suit seeking relief for a group of aggrieved individuals under § 2000e-5(f)(1). Source
  • 1980-06-09 New York Gaslight Club, Inc. v. Carey, 447 U.S. 54, held that § 2000e-5(k) authorizes attorney’s fees for work in state administrative and judicial proceedings required by Title VII’s deferral scheme. Source
  • 1980-12-15 Delaware State College v. Ricks, 449 U.S. 250, reversed the Third Circuit’s rule that a tenure-denial charge period began when the terminal contract ended; it began when the tenure decision was made and communicated. Source
  • 1981-05-29 White v. United States Pipe & Foundry Co., 646 F.2d 203, vacated the district court’s ruling that § 2000e-5(f)(1)’s counsel appointment power was unconstitutional; the district court lacked a party with standing to raise that objection and had not exercised its appointment discretion. Source
  • 1982-02-24 Zipes v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., 455 U.S. 385, held that timely filing of an EEOC charge under § 2000e-5(e) is not jurisdictional and may be waived, estopped, or equitably tolled. Source
  • 1983-06-13 Crown, Cork & Seal Co. v. Parker, 462 U.S. 345, reversed the Fourth Circuit and held that a pending class action tolls § 2000e-5(f)(1)’s filing period for putative class members who file independent suits after certification is denied. Source
  • 1984-06-04 Baldwin County Welcome Center v. Brown, 466 U.S. 147, held that filing a right-to-sue letter alone does not commence a Title VII action and recognized equitable tolling of the ninety-day suit period in appropriate circumstances. Source
  • 1986-07-01 Library of Congress v. Shaw, 478 U.S. 310, reversed the ruling that § 2000e-5(k) waives the United States’ immunity from interest on an attorney’s fee award. Source
  • 1988-05-16 EEOC v. Commercial Office Products Co., 486 U.S. 107, held that a state agency’s worksharing waiver can terminate its 60-day deferral period under § 2000e-5(c), allowing immediate EEOC filing, and that an untimely state charge does not bar § 2000e-5(e)’s 300-day federal period. Source
  • 1989-06-22 Independent Federation of Flight Attendants v. Zipes, 491 U.S. 754, held that a prevailing Title VII plaintiff may recover attorney’s fees from a losing intervenor under § 2000e-5(k) only if the intervenor’s action was frivolous, unreasonable, or without foundation. Source
  • 1990-04-17 Yellow Freight System, Inc. v. Donnelly, 494 U.S. 820, held that state courts have concurrent jurisdiction over Title VII actions under § 2000e-5(f)(3), rejecting exclusive-federal-jurisdiction rulings. Source
  • 1991-11-21 Pub. L. 102-166 added rules for intentionally discriminatory seniority systems in subsection (e)(2), limited remedies for certain mixed-motive claims in subsection (g)(2)(B), and included expert fees in subsection (k). Source
  • 1991-11-21 Pub. L. 102-166 § 102 added 42 U.S.C. § 1981a, permitting compensatory and punitive damages for certain intentional Title VII discrimination claims in addition to § 2000e-5(g) relief, subject to statutory limits, and a jury trial when those damages are sought. Source
  • 1992-06-24 City of Burlington v. Dague, 505 U.S. 557, held that statutory attorney’s fee awards under federal reasonable-fee provisions, including § 2000e-5(k), may not be enhanced for the risk of nonpayment or contingent success. Source
  • 1993-02-05 Davis v. City and County of San Francisco, 984 F.2d 345, vacated as moot its earlier ruling that the 1991 expert-fee amendment applied to pending cases after the parties settled that claim. Source
  • 1994-04-26 Landgraf v. USI Film Products, 511 U.S. 244, held that the Civil Rights Act of 1991's new compensatory and punitive damages and jury-trial provisions do not apply to Title VII conduct predating the Act. Source
  • 2001-05-29 Buckhannon Board & Care Home, Inc. v. West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, 532 U.S. 598, rejected the catalyst theory of prevailing-party attorney’s fees: a voluntary change in conduct without a judicially sanctioned change in the parties’ legal relationship is insufficient. The opinion identifies § 2000e-5(k) as a comparable prevailing-party fee provision. Source
  • 2001-06-04 Pollard v. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 532 U.S. 843, held that front pay in lieu of reinstatement is authorized under § 2000e-5(g) and is outside the compensatory-damages cap in § 1981a(b)(3), rejecting Hudson v. Reno. Source
  • 2002-01-15 EEOC v. Waffle House, Inc., 534 U.S. 279, reversed the Fourth Circuit and held that an employee’s arbitration agreement does not bar the EEOC from seeking victim-specific judicial relief in an ADA enforcement action. Source
  • 2002-03-19 Edelman v. Lynchburg College, 535 U.S. 106, reversed the Fourth Circuit and sustained the EEOC regulation allowing a timely but unverified charge to be verified after the filing period. Source
  • 2002-06-10 National Railroad Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, held that each discrete discriminatory or retaliatory act must be charged within 180 or 300 days, while an entire related hostile work environment may be considered if one contributing act occurred within that period; prior awareness of harassment alone does not cut off the older related acts. Source
  • 2009-01-29 Pub. L. 111-2 added subsection (e)(3), under which an unlawful discriminatory compensation practice occurs when a decision is adopted, a worker becomes subject to it, or the worker is affected by it through compensation, including each payment. Source
  • 2009-05-18 AT&T Corp. v. Hulteen, 556 U.S. 701, reversed the Ninth Circuit’s en banc ruling and held that § 2000e-5(e)(2) does not apply to a bona fide seniority system whose pregnancy-leave accrual rule was lawful when adopted before the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. Source
  • 2011-01-24 Thompson v. North American Stainless, LP, 562 U.S. 170, reversed the Sixth Circuit and held that § 2000e-5(f)(1)’s “person aggrieved” requirement reaches plaintiffs within Title VII’s zone of interests, rather than everyone with Article III standing. Source
  • 2015-04-29 Mach Mining, LLC v. EEOC, 575 U.S. 480, limited judicial review of the EEOC’s conciliation efforts to whether the employer received notice of the claim and a chance to discuss voluntary compliance; if those steps were missing, the court should order further conciliation. Source
  • 2016-05-19 CRST Van Expedited, Inc. v. EEOC, 578 U.S. 419, vacated the Eighth Circuit’s rule that a Title VII defendant must win on the merits to qualify as a prevailing party under § 2000e-5(k); a favorable nonmerits disposition may qualify. Source
  • 2019-06-03 Fort Bend County v. Davis, 587 U.S. 541, held that the charge-filing requirement is a mandatory claim-processing rule subject to forfeiture when raised too late, rather than a jurisdictional limit. Source

Charge form and verification

Section 2000e-5(b) requires a Title VII charge to identify the date, place, and circumstances of the alleged unlawful employment practice.

Dunn v. McDonough · filed 2026-01-06(b)

“Such a ‘charge’ must include the ‘date, place and circumstances of the alleged unlawful employment practice.’” Id. at 567 (quoting 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b)). ... Most obviously, Dunn failed to exhaust her claims of race discrimination.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a discrimination charge to be in writing and under oath or affirmation; a preliminary inquiry does not qualify as a formal charge.

Affrunti v. Long Island University · filed 2005-06-22(b)

Affrunti’s effort to convert the initial inquiry she made to the Nassau County Commission on Human Rights in October 1997 into a formal charge is unavailing. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5 (“Charges shall be in writing under oath or affirmation and shall contain such information and be in such form as the Commission requires.”
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An intake questionnaire may satisfy the charge-filing requirement if it manifests an intent to activate the discrimination complaint process.

Barclay v. Amtrak · filed 2004-11-08(e)

Whether an intake questionnaire qualifies as a “charge” for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)’s filing requirement is an open question in this circuit. ... I cannot say that under no set of facts could such a questionnaire manifest an intent to activate the ADA’s machinery. Therefore, plaintiffs ADA claim must survive the motion to dismiss.
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Section 2000e-5(a) requires an aggrieved person to file a charge under oath with the Commission to invoke its enforcement procedures.

Choate v. Caterpillar Tractor Co. · filed 1967-11-01(a)

This court concludes that the filing of a verified charge with the Commission is necessary to invoke the statutory enforcement procedures. The complaint herein is fatally defective because it fails to allege that the complaint filed with the Commission was under oath.
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Section 2000e-5(a) accepts a sworn letter stating the substance of an alleged discriminatory practice as a charge.

International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, Local Union No. 5 v. United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commiss · filed 1968-07-24(a)

In our opinion, Carl’s letter of August 12, 1965, duly sworn to and stating the substance of the alleged discriminatory practice, met all requirements of Section 706(a), 42 U.S.C.A. § 2000e-5(a).
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Section 2000e-5(e) allows persons named as similarly aggrieved in another person's EEOC charge to sue without filing separate charges.

Antonopulos v. Aerojet-General Corporation · filed 1968-10-28(e)

I have concluded that where, as here, someone has filed a charge with the EEOC containing the names of other persons similarly aggrieved, it is not necessary that those persons named file separate charges as a prerequisite to bringing a civil suit.
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Law changed since Pub. L. 92-261 § 4(a) (Mar. 24, 1972) extended the EEOC charge-filing period from 90 to 180 days, or 300 days after initial state or local proceedings; the verification rule in this decision is otherwise unchanged.

A written charge filed within 90 days may be amended afterward to add a verification or oath.

Georgia Power Co. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · filed 1968-08-09(a)

Thus, it is ruled that, while the filing of a written charge within 90 days is jurisdictional, it may be amended as to form thereafter, including the supplying of a verification or oath.
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Section 2000e-5(a)'s oath requirement for an EEOC charge is not a jurisdictional prerequisite to a civil action.

Choate v. Caterpillar Tractor Company · filed 1968-10-17(a)

We are of the view that the district court was in error in holding that its jurisdiction to entertain the suit depended upon whether the charge of discrimination filed with the Commission was under oath.
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Law changed since Same change as noted above.

Section 2000e-5(a) allows a timely written discrimination charge to be amended after the 90-day filing period to satisfy its oath requirement.

Mrs. Lorena W. Weeks v. Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Company, Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Company v. Mrs. · filed 1969-03-28(a)

We agree with the Seventh Circuit and with the Commission that a complaint in writing timely received may be amended after the 90-day period so as to meet the requirements of 42 U. S.C. Sec. 2000e-5(a).
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Subsection 706(d) permits a formal charge that cures defects in a timely informal charge to relate back to the original filing date.

Georgia Power Company v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · filed 1969-06-10(d)

Therefore, the formal charge relates back to the date of the original charge.
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Section 2000e-5(a) requires a person initiating an EEOC charge, whether for himself or a purported class, to be aggrieved by the alleged employment practice.

Graniteville Co. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · filed 1969-10-01(a)

Section 42 U.S.C.A. 2000e-5(a) provides that charges may be brought by a person claiming to be aggrieved, thereby initiating Commission action under Title VII. ... Price then has no standing to initiate Commission activity under the Act.
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A charge filed within the required period may be verified later; the oath need not accompany the initial filing.

Blue Bell Boots, Inc., Formerly J. W. Carter Company v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · filed 1969-10-28(a)

Accordingly, courts have consistently held that a charge filed within ninety days of an alleged unfair practice need not be accompanied by the oath of the complainant. Sworn verification may occur later.
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Section 2000e-5(a) requires the Commission to furnish respondents with a copy of a charge, but its failure to do so does not bar a private action.

Holliday v. Railway Express Company, Inc. · filed 1969-12-08(a)

Likewise, the statutory failure of the Commission to serve charges on the defendants should not bar the plaintiff’s action.
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Section 2000e-5(a)’s oath requirement is waived when the EEOC acts on and processes an unsigned discrimination charge.

Russell v. American Tobacco Company · filed 1973-01-18(a)

The Commission’s decision to act on and process an unsigned letter alleging discrimination constitutes a waiver of the “under oath” verification requirement.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires charges to be under oath or affirmation, and a charge that is never sworn to leaves the court without jurisdiction over an enforcement suit.

Stewart v. Core Laboratories, Inc. · filed 1978-10-05(b)

It follows that if a charge is never sworn to then jurisdiction is lacking in any enforcement proceedings.
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Section 2000e-5(b) allows an EEOC charge to be filed on behalf of an aggrieved person; that person need not file the charge personally before suing.

Eichman v. Indiana State University Board of Trustees · filed 1979-04-25(b)

Title VII does not require that as a prerequisite to suit an individual alleging discrimination must first file a complaint with the EEOC. ... Since Thomas Eichman was named in William Sands’ complaint as a person aggrieved by the University’s retaliatory actions, (and the EEOC apparently deemed him a person aggrieved), we hold that the jurisdictional prerequisite was satisfied and the district court erred in dismissing the complaint on that ground.
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Section 2000e-5 allows an EEOC charge filed on behalf of an aggrieved person to satisfy the charge prerequisite to that person's Title VII suit.

EICHMAN v. INDIANA STATE UNIVERSITY BOARD OF TRUSTEES · filed 1979-05-09(b), (f)(1)

Title VII does not require that as a prerequisite to suit an individual alleging discrimination must first file a complaint with the EEOC. Instead, the statutory language speaks of a charge filed "by Or on behalf of a person claiming to be aggrieved" (42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b)) (emphasis added), and states that a civil action may be brought "by the person claiming to be aggrieved" (§ 2000e-5(f)(1)). Since Thomas Eichman was named in William Sands' complaint as a person aggrieved by the University's retaliatory actions, (and the EEOC apparently deemed him a person aggrieved), we hold that the jurisdictional prerequisite was satisfied and the district court erred in dismissing the complaint on that ground.
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Section 2000e-5(f)(1) requires an individual claimant to file an EEOC charge before a court can hear the Title VII claim.

Taylor v. Teletype Corp. · filed 1979-08-29(f)(1)

These parties might have had a claim for pre-1974 discriminatory demotion, but it would have to be an individual claim, and the Court lacks jurisdiction to decide it, because neither Mr. Donley nor Mr. Kennard ever filed a charge before the EEOC. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(l). The Donley and Kennard claims are therefore also dismissed with prejudice.
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Section 2000e-5(b) permits a person to file an EEOC charge on behalf of aggrieved individuals.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. University of Pittsburgh · filed 1980-03-26(b)

A charge may be filed with the EEOC “by or on behalf of a person” allegedly aggrieved by unlawful employment practices. ... Here, the charging party has satisfied the requirements of this Section with respect to more than 20 allegedly aggrieved persons.
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Section 706(e) requires a timely EEOC charge before a private Title VII action.

Guardians Ass'n of New York City Police Department, Inc. v. Civil Service Commission of New York · filed 1980-07-25(e)

The filing of a timely charge with the EEOC is a prerequisite to a private action under Title VII.
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An organization’s EEOC charge can satisfy Title VII’s filing requirement for a class action without a duplicate charge from each class representative.

League of United Latin American Citizens v. City of Salinas Fire Department · filed 1980-08-19(e)

Duplicate administrative filings are unnecessary as far as Title VII’s purposes are concerned once the organization’s charge has notified the employer of the claim and brought the EEOC into the process.
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Section 2000e-5(b) allows a defective EEOC charge to be cured by later verification when the delay does not prejudice the employer.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. · filed 1980-11-07(b)

For these reasons, we hold that the initially defective charge against Sears was cured by Brown’s verification of the charge on September 11, 1973, in his capacity as a de facto Commissioner.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a charge to be in writing under oath or affirmation; the notice of the charge must include the date, place, and circumstances of the alleged unlawful practice.

Shell Oil Co. v. United States EEOC · filed 1981-09-22(b)

As per 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b), only notice of the charge must include the date, place and circumstances of the alleged unlawful employment practice. The rule only requires that charges be in writing under oath or affirmation and contain such information and be in such form as the Commission requires.
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Section 2000e-5(b)’s oath and affirmation requirement requires more than routinely inserting a date into an EEOC charge.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. K-Mart Corp. · filed 1981-10-27(b)

As this court reads the oath and affirmation requirement, it requires more than a simple pro-forma insertion of a date in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 706(b).
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Section 2000e-5(e) treats a timely charge filed with the EEOC on a person's behalf by a third party as a charge under the section.

Davis v. United States Steel Corp. · filed 1981-11-10(e)

Section 706(e) of Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e) requires the filing of “a charge under this section” within 180 days “after the alleged unlawful practice occurred.” The Court has little difficulty deciding that the third party charge filed February 26, 1979 is a “charge under this section.” The section does not appear to distinguish between a charge filed by a person or a charge filed on his behalf by a third person, and both types of charges are accepted by the EEOC.
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Section 2000e-5(e) allows a later EEOC charge alleging related discrimination to amend an earlier charge and relate back to its filing date.

Lois M. WASHINGTON, Appellant/Cross-Appellee, v. the KROGER COMPANY, Appellee/Cross-Appellant · filed 1982-02-10(e)

When plaintiff did file a second charge of discrimination with the EEOC, it was properly treated by the District Court as an amendment of the first charge. The second charge reiterated the claim of denial of opportunity to perform “checker” duties and also alleged discrimination in discharge which arguably grew out of Kroger’s refusal to assign plaintiff to a checker/clerk position.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to give meaningful notice of when the alleged discrimination occurred; inserting Title VII’s effective date without a factual basis does not suffice.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. C. A. Norgren Co. · filed 1982-03-10(b)

Such a pro forma insertion of the Act’s effective date does not give any meaningful notice of the time when the claimed violations allegedly occurred, and therefore I hold that it fails to comply with the requirements of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e~5(b).
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Section 2000e-5 permits judicial claims rooted in the same basis of discrimination specified in an EEOC charge, even when the complaint alleges additional aspects of that discrimination.

Jones v. METRO. DENVER SEWAGE, ETC. · filed 1982-04-26

Suffice it to say that where judicial claims are rooted in the same basis of discrimination specified in the charge ( i.e., race, sex, national origin), the court may consider them, notwithstanding the fact that additional aspects of that basis of discrimination are alleged in the complaint.
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Section 2000e-5(e)'s 300-day period is measured from the original EEOC charge when a later, sufficiently related charge qualifies as an amendment.

West v. Allis-Chalmers Corp. · filed 1982-04-05(e)

Despite the apparent narrowness of the first EEOC charge, and the contrasting breadth of the second, I am satisfied that the second one is sufficiently related to the first to qualify as an amendment within the purview of the above-cited regulatory section. Accordingly, to whatever extent the 300-day backward reach becomes significant, that period should commence on January 8, 1973.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to state the dates and circumstances of alleged unlawful practices with a factual basis.

Shell Oil Co. v. United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · filed 1982-04-28(b)

In addition to requiring a charge to contain the date of the alleged unlawful practices, section 706(b) requires a statement of the circumstances of the alleged unlawful practices. As with the date requirement, we read this to require the statement of circumstances to be supported by some factual basis.
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Section 2000e-5(b)’s charge verification requirement is nonjurisdictional and subject to equitable considerations.

Margaret PRICE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SOUTHWESTERN BELL TELEPHONE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee · filed 1982-09-27(b)

Given our decision that the verification requirement is non-jurisdictional, and therefore subject to equitable considerations, we perceive a triable issue of fact with respect to a possible EEOC waiver of that requirement.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a charge to give a factual basis for the dates of alleged unlawful practices, and the charge’s sufficiency is determined from its face.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. K-Mart Corp. · filed 1982-12-08(b)

We agree that the date requirement of section 706(b) is not satisfied merely by including the effective date of Title VII in the charge. ... We hold that the sufficiency of a charge under section 706(b) and 29 C.F.R. Sec. 1601.12(a)(3) should be determined from the face of that charge.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to identify when the alleged unlawful practices occurred, and the charge’s sufficiency is determined from its face.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. K-Mart Corp. · filed 1982-12-08(b)

We hold that the sufficiency of a charge under section 706(b) and 29 C.F.R. § 1601.12(a)(3) should be determined from the face of that charge. That neither the original charge nor the amended charge fulfilled the requirements of section 706(b) could and should have been determined from the face of these charges.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an administrative charge to conform to the EEOC’s required form; a letter the EEOC neither treats nor processes as a charge does not satisfy that requirement.

Bennett v. Russ Berrie and Co., Inc. · filed 1983-06-17(b)

The letter of February 26, 1981 from plaintiff’s counsel to the EEOC, contrary to the requirement of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b), was in no way in conformance with the form required by the Commission. The letter was not treated by the EEOC as a charge of discrimination, was not processed or investigated by the EEOC and no notice was ever given to defendant Russ Berrie that a charge of discrimination had been filed against it by Bennett.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a charge to identify the date of the alleged unlawful practice; its oath requirement supports a presumption that the Commissioner selected the date in good faith.

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Petitioner-Appellee, v. A.E. STALEY MANUFACTURING CO., Respondent-Appellant · filed 1983-07-01(b)

The “date” element of § 706(b) is an important statutory requirement. ... We note further that “the Commissioner’s good faith is presumed because of § 706(b)’s oath or affirmation requirement.” ... In this case, the bare, unsupported allegations of Staley’s counsel that the EEOC had a policy of inserting pro forma the effective date of the Act did not overcome the good faith presumption accorded the Commissioner’s selection of a date for the charge.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be sworn and to give notice of the date, place, and circumstances of the alleged discrimination, without detailed factual or statistical pleading.

Valley Industrial Services, Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · filed 1983-07-07(b)

The EEOC charge fully satisfies the pleading requirements of the statute and regulations, which are neither onerous nor hypertechnical. ... The charge was sworn under oath and gives due notice of the date, place and circumstances of the alleged illegal conduct.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a commissioner’s charge to be in writing under oath or affirmation before the EEOC begins the investigation at issue.

In Re EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Petitioner · filed 1983-07-11(b)

While tax investigations may be begun at the discretion of the Service, see I.R.C. § 7602 (1976), the kind of EEOC investigation at issue here may be begun only upon the issuance of a charge “in writing under oath or affirmation” by one of the commissioners.
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Section 2000e-5(f)(3) does not provide federal jurisdiction over a Title VII claim when the plaintiff has not alleged presenting the claim to an administrative agency.

Knauth v. North Country Legal Services · filed 1983-10-17(f)(3)

In this instance, however, the court is not faced with a plaintiff who filed late, but a plaintiff who has not alleged presenting his claim to the administrative agencies at all. Under the circumstances, the Title VII claim is so implausible, foreclosed and devoid of merit as to fall outside the ambit of federal court jurisdiction under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(f)(3).
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Section 2000e-5 requires an EEOC charge before suit; an uncharged class member cannot take over as sole representative when the original plaintiff cannot continue the action.

Wakeen v. Hoffman House, Inc. · filed 1983-12-13(e), (f)(1)

The enforcement provisions of Title VII require an aggrieved person to file a written charge with the EEOC as a condition precedent to seeking judicial relief. ... We hold, therefore, that a class member who does not meet the procedural prerequisites for waging a Title VII suit may not use the guise of a motion to intervene to take over as the sole class representative for someone who initiates but is not legitimately able to continue a class action.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires factual or statistical support for the date and circumstances stated in an EEOC charge.

Dresser Industrial Valve Operations v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission · filed 1984-01-09(b)

In sum, a charge which does not contain factual or statistical information to support the use of the July 2, 1965 date or the statement of circumstances fails to comply with Section 706(b) as amended and 29 C.F.R. 1601.12(a)(3).
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Section 2000e-5(e) requires a timely EEOC charge; an employer’s participation in EEOC proceedings does not waive a defense that the charge was late.

Flowers v. Abex Corp. · filed 1984-02-15(e)

Flowers’ EEOC charge thus was untimely. 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e). Flowers’ only argument for relief from the limitation period is that Abex participated in the EEOC proceedings and thereby submitted to the jurisdiction of the EEOC. Flowers cites no authority for the proposition that participation in EEOC proceedings can waive a defense based on untimeliness, and the court believes that such a rule would be detrimental, discouraging reconciliation any time there may be a timeliness defense.
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Section 2000e-5 requires an aggrieved person to file an EEOC charge before seeking judicial relief; a class member who has not filed one cannot take over as sole representative after the original plaintiff’s claim is dismissed.

Wakeen v. Hoffman House · filed 1984-02-02(e), (f)(1)

The enforcement provisions of Title VII require an aggrieved person to file a written charge with the EEOC as a condition precedent to seeking judicial relief. See 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e-5(e), (f)(1).
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to describe the alleged discriminatory practices generally, without setting out detailed supporting facts before an investigation.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Appleton Electric Co. · filed 1984-02-29(b)

Accordingly, a charge need not set forth in detail specific underlying facts. ... It is sufficient if it describes generally the allegedly discriminatory practices of an employer.
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A timely filed Intake Questionnaire can constitute a Title VII charge when it identifies the parties and generally describes the alleged discrimination; a later formal charge can cure a missing verification.

Casavantes v. California State University, Sacramento · filed 1984-05-09(e)

We are thus led to the inescapable conclusion that the completed Intake Questionnaire, in the context of both the amendment procedures and the liberality to be ascribed to the procedural requirements, is sufficient to constitute a charge.
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Section 2000e-5(e)’s deadline for filing an EEOC charge is nonjurisdictional and may be waived or equitably tolled.

John J. JONES, Plaintiff, Appellant, v. CITY OF SOMERVILLE Et Al., Defendants, Appellees · filed 1984-06-01(e)

Filing a timely charge of discrimination with the EEOC is not a jurisdictional prerequisite to sue in federal courts. ... Rather, it is a requirement which may be waived or tolled for equitable considerations.
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Section 2000e-5(e) requires an EEOC charge within 180 days of the alleged discrimination; a later amendment adding a claim relates back only if that claim is like or reasonably related to the original charge.

Rizzo v. WGN Continental Broadcasting Co. · filed 1985-01-11(e)

Section 2000e-5(e) provides: “A charge under this section shall be filed within 180 days after the alleged unlawful employment practice occurred____” ... Thus, Rizzo’s October 11, 1983 amendment can relate back to her initial April 27, 1983 charge only if her sex discrimination charge “is like or reasonably related” to the allegations contained in her initial April 27, 1983 charge. ... Therefore, because Rizzo’s untimely amendment fails to fit within the exception outlined by the applicable E.E.O.C. regulations, her sex discrimination charge is barred.
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Section 2000e-5(b) gives the EEOC discretion to set the information required in a charge, permitting identification of the affected persons after filing.

EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Appellant, v. BETHLEHEM STEEL CORPORATION, Appellee · filed 1985-06-26(b)

Section 706(b) of Title YII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b) (1982), provides that charges “shall be in writing under oath or affirmation.and shall contain such information and be in such form as the Commission requires.” In exercising the wide discretion given to it by Congress, the EEOC issued the regulation appearing at 29 C.F.R. § 1601.7(a). The Commission interprets that regulation to permit supplying identification information after the filing of the complaint. That strikes us as a reasonable interpretation.
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A related EEOC charge considered during the investigation can amend an earlier charge and relate back to its filing date for Title VII’s filing period.

Avagliano v. Sumitomo Shoji America, Inc. · filed 1985-07-10(e)

The Court concludes that Schneider’s complaint was amended. This conclusion is based on (1) the complaints subsequently filed with the EEOC; (2) the attorney’s letter to the EEOC, and (3) the EEOC’s consolidation of the actions. Because the amendment relates back to the original complaint, October 19, 1976 constitutes the filing date for the entire class in Avagliano.
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An EEOC intake questionnaire and accompanying note that are not signed under oath do not count as a discrimination charge.

Sparkman v. Combined International · filed 1988-08-05(b)

Because a complainant who files an EEOC intake questionnaire does not sign such a document under oath, the questionnaire does not qualify as a charge under Title VII. ... Similarly, the handwritten note that Sparkman submitted with her questionnaire does not constitute a formal charge because the note, like the questionnaire, was not signed under oath. Therefore, although Sparkman submitted a questionnaire to the EEOC within the 300-day period, she failed to file a formal charge before the statute of limitations ran.
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A timely unverified charge may be cured by a later verified charge that relates back under the EEOC regulation when the employer alleges no prejudice.

Harold PETERSON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CITY OF WICHITA, KANSAS, Defendant-Appellee · filed 1989-12-27(b)

Accordingly, we uphold application of the relating-back provision of the regulation at issue when, as here, the defendant has alleged no prejudice arising from its operation.
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Section 2000e-5(b) permits an attorney to file an EEOC discrimination charge on behalf of an aggrieved person.

Montgomery v. Atlanta Family Restaurants, Inc. · filed 1990-12-04(b)

Although defendant makes an issue of the fact that the original correspondence was not plaintiff’s but her attorney’s, Title VII provides that a charge of discrimination may be filed on behalf of any person claiming to be aggrieved.
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An EEOC intake questionnaire that identifies the parties and describes the alleged discrimination can constitute a charge if later amended to include a signature and oath.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Dillard Department Stores, Inc. · filed 1991-02-19(b)

Because a writing which suffices as a “charge” was filed within the statutory time limitations, and properly amended to include a signature and oath, the EEOC’s suit is not barred as untimely.
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Section 2000e-5(b) allows a timely intake questionnaire that is later verified to constitute a charge in some circumstances.

Philbin v. General Electric Capital Auto Lease · filed 1991-04-05(b)

We find the reasoning of the circuit courts of appeals persuasive, and hold that an intake questionnaire which is later verified may be sufficient to constitute a charge in some circumstances.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a written, verified charge, but verification after the 300-day filing period may relate back to a timely intake questionnaire that served as a charge.

Philbin v. General Electric Capital Auto Lease, Inc. · filed 1991-04-05(b)

While the statute does require that a complainant verify a charge, the statute does not require that the verification take place prior to the expiration of the 300-day time period. The EEOC’s interpretation of the statute as allowing technical amendments to relate back to the date of filing is not unreasonable.
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Section 2000e-5(e) requires a timely discrimination charge; an intake form did not satisfy that requirement where no formal charge followed and the Union lacked notice within 300 days.

Sanders v. Culinary Workers Union Local No. 226 · filed 1992-02-11(e)

No formal charge was ever filed by Sanders against the Union which could be deemed to relate back to the intake form, and the Union did not have notice of the claim until after the expiration of the 300 day limit.
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A missing verification may be cured by an amendment that relates back to the EEOC charge’s original filing date.

Crites v. Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp. · filed 1992-04-03(b)

Although Crites's November 7 letter was not under oath, EEOC regulations provide that amendment may be allowed to cure technical defects in a charge, including the failure to verify the charge, and that such amendments will be deemed to relate back to the original filing date. ... In light of this regulation and Crites's diligence in promptly complying with EEOC instructions, we find her charge timely and therefore remand for further proceedings on the merits of Crites's Title VII claim.
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Law changed since Fort Bend County v. Davis (June 3, 2019) held that the charge-filing requirement is a mandatory claim-processing rule, rather than a jurisdictional limit as the quoted opinion states.

Section 2000e-5 requires a Title VII plaintiff to file an EEOC charge before suing; in a deferral state, the charge must be filed within 300 days of the alleged violation.

Lopez-Flores v. General Motors Corporation · filed 1992-06-26(e)(1)

The jurisdictional prerequisites to a federal action under Title VII are: 1) the timely filing of charges of employment discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC); and 2) receiving and acting upon the Commission's statutory notice of the right to sue. 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-5(a); and 2003-5; Brown v. General Services Admin., 425 U.S. 820, 832 (1976); Haithcock v. Frank, No. 91-3469, slip op. at 9 (6th Cir. March 5, 1992). Moreover, the complaint must be filed with the EEOC within the time frame permitted under the statute. Mohasco Corp. v. Silver, 447 U.S. 807, 817 (1980). In a deferral state such as Michigan, filing is timely if it is done within 300 days of the alleged violation. See 29 C.F.R. § 1601.13. As correctly noted by the district court, the record is void of any indication the plaintiff has ever filed an administrative charge of discrimination against the defendant with the EEOC, let alone a timely complaint of discriminatory action. Thus, the court correctly disposed of this claim on the basis that this court lacks jurisdiction because of Lopez's failure to exhaust this administrative remedy.
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A Title VII charge is timely under § 2000e-5(e) when a discriminatory act occurs within the applicable 300-day filing period.

Palmer v. Barry · filed 1992-07-15(e)

Here, the only issue open for consideration on remand is whether plaintiff proved that any discriminatory act against him occurred within the 300-day period preceding the filing of his charge with the EEOC. Since, on remand, it is reaffirmed that plaintiff suffered discrimination between August 22 and August 30, 1985 and thus within the statutory limitations period, his complaint was timely filed.
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Section 2000e-5(e) bars a Title VII hiring claim when the employee files an EEOC charge more than 300 days after the hiring decision.

Postema v. National League of Professional Baseball Clubs · filed 1992-07-17(e)

Plaintiff further admits that she did not file a charge of employment discrimination with the EEOC until April 4, 1990, more than 300 days after Joyce was hired. American League 3(g) Stmt. ¶ 5. Accordingly, any claim Plaintiff might have arising from the Joyce hiring is time-barred, and the American League is entitled to summary judgment.
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An intake questionnaire that does not substantially comply with Section 2000e-5(b)'s charge filing requirements cannot support relation back of a later charge to make it timely.

Hadley v. Midland Steel Products Donald Deleon · filed 1993-11-18(b)

Hadley's intake questionnaire does not substantially comply with the charge filing requirements of 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e-5(b). Thus, his late charge did not relate back and amend the intake questionnaire so as to constitute a timely charge.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be verified; an unverified charge cannot be amended to cure that defect after the EEOC closes its file and the claimant files suit.

Balazs v. Liebenthal · filed 1994-08-19(b)

Thus we conclude that a reasonable construction of the EEOC's regulation would simply allow charges to be verified and to relate back only so long as the charge is a viable one in the EEOC's files, but that where, as here, a right to sue letter has issued, a suit has been instituted and the EEOC has closed its file, there is no longer a charge pending before the EEOC which is capable of being amended.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a charge to be in writing under oath or affirmation; a signed declaration under penalty of perjury satisfies that requirement without notarization.

Howard v. Board of Educ. Sycamore Dist. · filed 1995-02-08(b)

That document contains the following statement in the lower left-hand corner: “I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.” This is followed immediately by plaintiffs signature. ... Rather, Illinois merely requires a written charge under oath or affirmation, 775 ILCS 5/7A-102(A)(l), as does Title VII, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b). Therefore, the Board’s argument in this regard, while bordering on the frivolous, is at the very least without merit.
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An affidavit and Intake Questionnaire filed with the EEOC can satisfy the charge requirement under § 2000e-5.

Howze v. Polytechnic · filed 1995-07-12(b), (e)(1)

On June 16, 1992, plaintiff alleges that she filed an affidavit and Intake Questionnaire with the EEOC. This is sufficient to satisfy the charge requirement found in 42 U.S.CA. § 2000e-5(b), (e)(1).
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Section 2000e-5(f)(1) requires a Title VII plaintiff to file an EEOC charge before suing; an intake questionnaire does not serve as a charge notifying defendants.

Vakharia v. Little Co. of Mary Hospital & Health Care Centers · filed 1996-03-07(f)(1)

Congress directs that a party suing for discrimination must file charges with the EEOC before proceeding with a Title VII or ADEA claim in federal court. ... The court finds that this questionnaire does not serve as a “charge” for purposes of notifying Defendants. ... Accordingly, Vakharia has not complied with the EEOC requirements in filing her Title VII and ADEA charges against any Defendant except the hospital.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be verified before the EEOC issues a right to sue letter for the charge to support a Title VII lawsuit.

Danley v. Book-Of-The-Month Club, Inc. · filed 1996-04-19(b)

We agree with the reasoning and conclusions of these cases and hold that a private litigant cannot maintain a Title VII claim where his or her EEOC charge was not verified prior to the EEOC’s issuance of a right to sue letter. When the EEOC has issued its right to sue letter and closed its file, it is not possible for a plaintiff to verify a previously unsworn charge.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a verified charge; an unverified letter does not satisfy that requirement, and a verified charge filed after suit cannot cure it.

Poteat v. Mack Trucks Incorporated, and Robert Walthall · filed 1997-01-28(b)

There is no question but that the December 2, 1992 letter from Poteat's lawyer to SCHAC did not satisfy the basic requirements of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b). ... It was unverified, the untimely verified charge could not relate back, and suit was filed before Poteat became entitled to a right-to-sue letter.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a written charge under oath or affirmation, though some procedural defects may be excused; an unsigned note that was never verified or produced was not a valid charge.

Munns v. Raytheon Services Nevada, Inc., a Delaware Corporation John Does 1 Through Xx, Inclusive, Roe Corporation · filed 1997-01-06(b)

Title 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b) mandates that charges are to be "in writing under oath or affirmation and shall contain such information and be in such form as the Commission requires." These requirements are not absolute and, in certain circumstances, discrimination complaints may be valid even though they do not meet all the statutory or regulatory requirements. Despite the liberality to be applied to the procedural requirements of discrimination charges, this court declines to find that an unsigned, handwritten note that was not subsequently verified by the agency and never produced to the district court constitutes a valid charge.
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Section 2000e-5(f)(1) requires an ADA plaintiff to name each defendant in the EEOC charge before suing that defendant.

Boden v. U.S. Amada Ltd. · filed 1997-06-11(f)(1)

Prior to bringing an ADA action, Plaintiff must satisfy the jurisdictional prerequisite of filing a Charge of Discrimination with the EEOC which identifies each named defendant as a respondent.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1)’s 300-day filing deadline can be satisfied by a timely EEOC intake questionnaire that the EEOC treats as a charge and the complainant later verifies.

Halas v. Ford Motor Co. · filed 1997-12-12(e)(1)

Despite defendant’s persuasive argument, this court finds that plaintiffs timely filing of the EEOC questionnaire satisfies the 300-day requirement.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a Title VII administrative charge to be verified under oath or affirmation; an unverified intake questionnaire does not qualify.

Shempert v. Harwick Chemical · filed 1998-07-31(b)

Intake Questionnaires which are neither signed under oath nor verified do not satisfy the statutory requirement for an administrative charge.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a Title VII administrative charge to be in writing under oath or affirmation; an unverified intake questionnaire is not a valid charge.

Shempert v. Harwick Chemical Corp. · filed 1998-07-31(b)

The verification requirement of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b), as construed by this circuit, requires us to hold that Shempert's Intake Questionnaire did not constitute a valid charge under Title VII.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be made under oath or affirmation; an unsworn letter is not a valid charge.

Chappell v. School Board of the City of Virginia Beach · filed 1998-07-20(b)

However, the law is clear that the filing of a sworn charge of discrimination with the EEOC is a mandatory prerequisite to the validity of the charge.
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A supplemental Title VII charge can satisfy the charge content and notice requirements by identifying the type of discrimination, the alleged harasser, and an approximate time period.

Gunnell v. Utah Valley State College · filed 1998-08-19(b)

The allegation in the supplement, though sparse, identifies the type of discrimination complained of, the alleged harasser, and an approximate time period, and thus is minimally sufficient to satisfy the requirements for the contents of a charge of discrimination and the purposes of the notice requirement.
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Section 2000e-5(b) permits an initially unverified written charge to be completed by a later sworn charge that relates back to the original filing date.

Forehand v. Westinghouse Savannah · filed 1999-07-20(b)

We find that the documents Forehand submitted to the EEOC on March 25th were sufficient to constitute a valid charge in conjunction with the formal charge she filed on May 20th and the amendment and relation-back provisions of the EEOC regulations.
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Law changed since Edelman v. Lynchburg College, 535 U.S. 106 (2002), reversed the ruling that a timely unsworn charge could not be verified after the filing period.

Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be made under oath or affirmation; an unsworn letter does not serve as an earlier charge to which a later charge can relate back.

Edelman v. Lynchburg College · filed 1999-09-20(b)

Title VII requires charges to be made “under oath or affirmation.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b). Dr. Edelman’s November 14, 1997 letter was not made under oath or affirmation. ... As a result, there is no charge for the April 15, 1998 charge to relate back.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be verified before a plaintiff may bring a Title VII suit.

Vason v. City of Montgomery, Ala. · filed 2000-03-10(b)

Section 2000e-5(b) plainly requires that EEOC charges be verified. Vason has failed to comply with this clear requirement. All courts which have considered the issue since Congress made this a requirement in 1972 have held that verification is an absolute condition precedent to suit. This court agrees. Accordingly, the court finds that all conditions precedent to suit under Title VII have not been satisfied.
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Law changed since Edelman v. Lynchburg College (Mar. 19, 2002) reversed this holding and sustained the EEOC regulation permitting a timely unverified charge to be verified after the filing period.

Section 2000e-5 requires a discrimination charge to be verified within the applicable filing period; later verification cannot relate back to a timely unsworn submission.

Edelman v. Lynchburg College · filed 2000-10-11(b), (e)(1)

Because a charge requires verification, see id. § 2000e-5(b), and because a charge must be filed within the limitations period, see id. § 2000e-5(e)(1), it follows that a charge must be verified within the limitations period.
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Section 2000e-5(e) gives a plaintiff 180 days to file an EEOC charge when the relevant state or local agencies lack jurisdiction.

Minott v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey · filed 2000-10-17(e)

In this case, the applicable time period is 180 days because neither the New York nor New Jersey state anti-discrimination agencies have jurisdiction over the Port Authority.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be made under oath or affirmation.

Vason v. The City of Montgomery · filed 2001-01-29(b)

We agree with these circuits and hold the statute mandates that charges be made under oath or affirmation.
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A sworn EEOC charge questionnaire filed within 300 days satisfies the filing deadline when the EEOC treats it as a charge and notifies the employer.

Preus v. Dominick's Finer Foods · filed 2001-01-17(e)(1)

But attorney Fail-man’s able response to Dominick’s motion has attached a photocopy of EEOC’s Charge Questionnaire that Preus had filled out and signed “under penalty of perjury” on August 20, 1999, well within the prescribed 300-day period. And that EEOC submission by Preus was followed promptly by EEOC’s assignment of a number to that charge (No. 210994357) and by its September 15, 1999 transmittal of a Notice of Charge of Discrimination to Dominick’s Director of Employee Relations Travis Clemens. As appointed counsel Fairman has pointed out, in this Circuit that sequence of events fully satisfies the statutory 300-day requirement.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires an individual to file an EEOC charge within 300 days after the alleged unlawful employment practice.

Bolden v. Bell Dairy Prod Inc · filed 2001-01-22(e)(1)

Also, the pleadings indicate that the statute of limitations has expired in this case. According to a letter attached to Bolden’s pleadings, in which the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) dismissed his complaint, he was terminated on February 22, 1998. However, as is set forth in the letter, he did not file his complaint with the EEOC until August 13, 1999, over 200 days after the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations, which requires an individual to file a charge within 300 days after the alleged unlawful employment practice occurred. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e- 5(e)(1); Washington v. Patlis, 868 F.2d 172, 175 (5th Cir. 1989).
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1), as incorporated into the ADA, gives a plaintiff 180 days to file an EEOC charge, or 300 days if the plaintiff filed a charge with a state agency.

Palummo v. St. Vincent's Medical Center · filed 2001-02-21(e)(1)

Under the ADA, a plaintiff must file an EEOC charge within 180 days unless she has filed a charge with a state agency, in which case the time limit is 300 days. ... Because the plaintiff did not file a charge with the appropriate New York agency, the time limit under the ADA is 180 days.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a timely charge that indicates an intent to invoke Title VII’s enforcement process; an intake affidavit that does not show that intent is insufficient.

Scruggs v. University Health Services · filed 2001-01-30(e)(1)

A charge still must indicate an intent to activate Title VII’s machinery. The Clark case does not validate the HRC intake affidavit.
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A Title VII charge may be constructively filed with the EEOC through an agency with actual or apparent authority to accept it, and allegations of a timely constructive filing can defeat dismissal.

Veronda v. California Department of Forestry & Fire Protection · filed 2001-03-21(e)(1)

Our circuit, and other circuits, have held that an employee may constructively file an EEOC complaint with an agency with actual or apparent authority to accept the complaint, and such a filing constitutes an administrative filing with the EEOC. ... Because the allegations demonstrate that Veronda may be able to establish the timely, constructive filing of an administrative complaint with an agency with actual or apparent authority to accept EEOC complaints, the district court erred in dismissing Veronda’s district court complaint.
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An unsworn EEOC complaint may count as a timely Title VII charge when it is later verified and the EEOC treats it as a charge, even if the EEOC acts only after verification.

Linton v. City of Marlin · filed 2001-04-30(e)(1)

Our previous cases holding such unsworn claims to be “charges” have been limited to situations where the EEOC treated the unsworn statement, supplemented by a sworn statement outside the limitation period, as a charge by initiating an investigation and notifying the defendant. ... This at the very least creates a fact issue as to whether the EEOC considered the letter to be a “charge” within the meaning of Title VII.
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Section 2000e-5(b) did not treat the intake questionnaire in this case as a validly filed Title VII charge.

Pijnenburg v. West Georgia Health System · filed 2001-07-05(b)

We simply hold that under the facts of this case, the questionnaire filed here did not meet the requirements for a validly filed charge.
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A verified EEOC intake questionnaire containing basic charge information can satisfy the charge filing deadline when the circumstances show the filer intended to start the administrative process.

Wilkerson v. Grinnell Corporation · filed 2001-10-22(e)(1)

In sum, we hold that a verified intake questionnaire that includes the basic information suggested by 29 C.F.R. § 1601.12(a) may constitute a charge for purposes of the Title VII statute of limitations when the circumstances of the case would convince a reasonable person that the charging party manifested her intent to activate the administrative process by filing the intake questionnaire with the EEOC.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a person seeking relief for employment discrimination to file a charge with the EEOC or, in a deferral state, a state agency.

Townes v. Finkelstein · filed 2001-11-13(e)(1)

Plaintiff does not allege that she filed a charge with the EEOC or with the MCHR. Therefore, the court finds that Plaintiff has failed to comply with the procedural requirements of the Act.
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Section 2000e-5(b)'s oath or affirmation requirement is satisfied when a discrimination charge is signed and dated under penalty of perjury.

Fultz v. B.A. Mullican Lumber & Manufacturing Co. · filed 2002-03-01(b)

Fultz complied with the statute by signing and dating the charge underneath the perjury language, again as prescribed. Therefore, this court finds that for the purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5, Fultz has filed a valid charge of discrimination under oath or affirmation, thus giving this court jurisdiction over the subject matter of the charge.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires an EEOC charge within 180 days; a questionnaire and sworn affidavit can constitute a charge against an employer when they identify a claim against it.

Climer v. W.C. Bradley Co. · filed 2002-03-07(e)(1)

It is well settled that in order to obtain judicial consideration of a Title VII claim, a plaintiff must first file an administrative charge with the EEOC within 180 days after the alleged unlawful employment practice occurred. ... The Court therefore finds that the intake questionnaire and accompanying affidavit submitted by Plaintiff to the EEOC in this case constituted a valid charge against W.C. Bradley. ... Consequently, since no valid charge was filed with the EEOC against Integra within 180 days, summary judgment is appropriate in favor of Integra.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) bars Title VII claims based on discriminatory acts occurring more than 300 days before an EEOC charge is filed.

Bliss v. Rochester City School District · filed 2002-03-28(e)(1)

It is axiomatic that allegations of discrimination occurring more than 300 days prior to the date a charge is filed are time-barred under Title VII.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a Title VII claimant to file a timely administrative charge before bringing suit.

Garcia-Figueroa v. Rico · filed 2002-05-14(e)(1)

To seek recovery for her Title VII claims, Garcia was required to file administrative charges prior to filing suit. In this case, neither the Amended Complaint nor any of its attachments indicate that Garcia filed a charge of discrimination with the EEOC prior to filing the present lawsuit. As a result, Garcia may not pursue a Title VII hostile work environment or retaliation claim in this lawsuit based on the Amended Complaint.
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Section 2000e-5(f)(1) requires a plaintiff to file an EEOC charge before bringing a Title VII action.

Romney v. New York City Transit Authority · filed 2002-05-20(f)(1)

In fact, the filing of charges with the EEOC is a condition precedent to the commencement of a Title VII action (see 42 USC § 2000e-5 [fl [1]; Cornwell v Robinson, 23 F3d 694, 706).
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A sworn EEOC questionnaire setting out a discrimination claim can satisfy § 2000e-5’s 300-day charge filing requirement, and a later formal charge can cure defects by relating back.

Thompson v. Federal Reserve Bank of New York · filed 2003-01-23(b), (e)

Certainly, then, plaintiff complied with the requirements that a “writing, under oath or affirmation ... containing] such information ... as the [EEOC] requires” be filed within 300 days. 42 U.S.C. §§ 2000e-5(b), (e). ... In this case, I conclude that the timely-filed questionnaire, which was signed by plaintiff under declaration of perjury, constituted a charge of discrimination as required by Title VII. ... I hold further that to the extent there were any defects in the form of the questionnaire (which was an EEOC form), those defects were cured by the formal charge filed on October 27, 2000, which related back to the date the first questionnaire was received.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a timely EEOC charge; the continuing violation doctrine does not make an untimely discrete discriminatory act actionable.

Molina v. Los Angeles County · filed 2003-02-27(e)(1)

Assuming the 300-day period, incidents occurring before December 11, 1999 cannot be the basis for liability. Ms. Molina cannot rely upon the continuing violation doctrine to render untimely asserted discrete discriminatory acts (such as a denial of a promotion) actionable.
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In a deferral state, an EEOC charge filed within 300 days of the adverse act is timely when the state agency has waived its initial 60-day exclusive processing period.

Sifferman v. BOARD OF REGENTS, SOUTHEAST MISSOURI · filed 2003-03-11(e)(1)

Because the MCHR has waived its exclusive jurisdiction to investigate charges for the first 60 days under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b), the University's argument that the charge of discrimination was untimely filed with the EEOC lacks merit. I find that Sifferman's EEOC charge was properly filed within 300 days of the last promotion denial on February 1, 2000.
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A Title VII plaintiff cannot rely on an EEOC charge filed by someone in a separate lawsuit when no plaintiff in the current suit filed a timely charge.

Brewton v. City of Harvey · filed 2003-09-30(e)(1)

The Seventh Circuit has never applied the single filing rule to allow piggybacking onto a timely-filed EEOC charge in a separate law suit, and Judge Moran in Zuckerstein expressly held that “at least one complying plaintiff must be a party to the suit.” 663 F.Supp. at 574 (emphasis added). Because none of the plaintiffs party to this suit have timely filed a charge with the EEOC, their Title VII claim (Count III) is dismissed.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires an EEOC charge within 180 days, or within 300 days if the plaintiff first files with a state agency in a deferral jurisdiction; pursuing an employer’s internal grievance process does not toll the deadline.

Hendricks v. Illinois Department of Human Services · filed 2003-11-03(e)(1)

A Title VII plaintiff must file an EEOC charge within 180 days of an alleged employment practice, unless the plaintiff first files with a state agency in a deferral jurisdiction, in which case the plaintiff has 300 days to file the charge. ... An employee’s pursuit of her claim through her employer’s internal grievance process, however, does not toll the limitations period. ... Hendricks’s EEOC charge was not filed within 300 days of the disputed hiring, and the district court properly granted summary judgment on the failure-to-promote claim.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires an EEOC charge within 180 days of the last alleged unlawful employment practice, extended to 300 days if the complainant first initiates state or local proceedings.

Carey v. Milwaukee Board of School Directors · filed 2003-11-03(e)(1)

In order for a claim under the ADA to be timely, it must be filed with the EEOC within 180 days of the last alleged act of unlawful employment practice; this period is extended to 300 days if the complainant initiates proceedings first with the appropriate state or local agency. ... Even if we assume that she did not discover her injury (the loss of her *494job) until the later date of December 1998, her filing with the EEOC in May 2000 was untimely because it came well over 300 days later.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1)’s EEOC charge-filing deadline is subject to waiver, estoppel, and equitable tolling.

Stoling v. Arkadelphia Human Development Center · filed 2003-11-18(e)(1)

Filing a timely charge of discrimination with the EEOC is not a jurisdictional prerequisite to initiating a Title VII action in federal court, but it is a requirement—like a statute of limitations—that is subject to waiver, estoppel, and equitable tolling.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) sets a 300-day EEOC charge filing period for ADA claims in New York; older acts remain barred when the continuing violation doctrine does not apply.

Wisneski v. Nassau Health Care Corp. · filed 2003-12-09(e)(1)

Accordingly, in light of the reasons discussed above, the Court will not consider ADA allegations regarding events that occurred beyond the 300 day limitation provided in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(l).
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Section 2000e-5(e) requires a Title VII charge to be filed within 300 days after the challenged decision is communicated to the employee, even if its effects occur later.

Curby v. Solutia, Inc. · filed 2003-12-15(e)

The district court properly dismissed this claim because the statute of limitations had run. Curby learned she would not get the position on May 20, 1999, but did not file her charge of discrimination until over a year later on May 30, 2000.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an aggrieved person to file a written, sworn EEOC charge before bringing a Title VII suit.

Castillo v. Norton · filed 2003-12-18(b)

Under Title VII, as a precondition to litigation, a “charge” must be filed with the EEOC by a person aggrieved by an unlawful employment practice. The charge “shall be in writing under oath or affirmation and shall contain such information and be in such form as the Commission requires.” 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b).
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a discrimination charge to be in writing and made under oath or affirmation; an unverified intake questionnaire does not satisfy that requirement.

McCall v. Board of Commissioners of County of Shawnee · filed 2003-10-10(b)

The questionnaire she submitted was not verified, as it was not signed under oath. We do not believe that the submission of this document is sufficient to constitute exhaustion of administrative remedies for the purposes of Title VII, the ADEA, the ADA or the Rehabilitation Act.
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Section 2000e-5(b) permits a timely discrimination charge that lacks verification to be verified later; the initial omission does not bar a suit when the charge gave adequate notice.

McWilliams v. Latah Sanitation, Inc. · filed 2005-08-23(b)

Accordingly, when, as here, the charge provided a sufficient description of the factual allegations to put the employer on notice and allow the administrative agency to conduct a complete investigation of the charges, the initial failure to verify does not prejudice the employer and should not be fatal to the employee’s later filed lawsuit.
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Section 2000e-5(b)’s charge verification requirement is subject to waiver when an employer receives the charge and responds to its merits before the EEOC without raising the lack of verification.

Buck v. Dist · filed 2006-06-30(b)

Accordingly, we hold that where, as here, an employer has actual notice of a discrimination charge and chooses to respond to the merits of the claim before the EEOC without asserting lack of verification as a defense it waives its right to secure dismissal of the federal court proceedings on that basis.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be in writing under oath or affirmation; evidence that a signed, notarized charge was filed can defeat summary judgment based on an unsigned copy in the EEOC’s records.

Houston v. Army Fleet Services, L.L.C. · filed 2007-06-18(b)

EEOC regulations require an EEOC charge to be signed and verified. ... For this reason, the Court cannot find that the facts and reasonable inferences to be drawn from the facts, viewed in the light most favorable to Houston, establish that he failed to file a properly verified charge.
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Section 2000e-5(b) gives the EEOC broad discretion to set the content and form of a discrimination charge.

Jones v. United Parcel Service, Inc. · filed 2007-09-13(b)

Under the relevant statutory provision, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b), the EEOC has broad discretion to determine the content and form of a charge.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) permits timely EEOC intake materials to count as a charge when they satisfy charge-content requirements and show an intent to initiate the administrative process.

White v. Mortgage Dynamics, Inc. · filed 2007-12-20(e)(1)

The Court concludes that although the Charge of Discrimination was filed outside the statutory period, the intake questionnaire and other supporting documents, which included the basic information as required by 29 C.F.R. § 1601.12, does constitute a “charge” for purposes of Title VII and the ADEA because its content satisfied the statutory and regulatory requirements for what information must be included in a charge. Also, Plaintiff manifested her intent to initiate the administrative process by filing her materials with the EEOC within 300 days of the alleged unlawful termination.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be verified under oath or affirmation; an uncorrected failure to verify the charge supports summary judgment.

Doss v. City of Savannah · filed 2008-03-28(b)

Federal law requires that such charges be in writing under oath or affirmation. 42 USC § 2000e-5 (b). Summary judgment is proper where a plaintiff fails to properly verify her charge and does not attempt to amend the charge to correct this error, even if the EEOC issues the plaintiff a right-to-sue letter. ... The defendants were therefore entitled to summary judgment on this basis.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a charge within 300 days in a deferral state; intake forms can qualify as a charge when they allege discrimination, name the employer, and request EEOC action.

Carson v. Cudd Pressure Control, Inc. · filed 2008-11-19(e)(1)

Under the Holowecki standard, Mr. Carson’s intake forms constitute a charge.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires an EEOC charge to be filed within 300 days of an alleged unlawful employment practice when a state or local agency is authorized to seek relief.

Vaughn v. Louisville Water Company · filed 2008-11-24(e)(1)

Accordingly, Vaughn’s claims that she did not receive the Survey and Easements process owner position in 1996, was paid less than Eiler as a result of his promotion, and did not receive the same overtime pay as other exempt male employees, are time-barred because they occurred more than 300 days before Vaughn filed her EEOC charge.
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In a non-deferral state, a Title VII charge must be filed with the EEOC within 180 days of the discriminatory act.

Gray v. Vestavia Hills Bd. of Education · filed 2008-12-02(e)(1)

Gray filed her EEOC complaint on April 13, 2005. Thus, to be timely, the acts of which Gray complains must have occurred on or after October 15, 2004. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1); Morgan, 536 U.S. at 109, 122 S.Ct. at 2070. Accordingly, the district court did not err when it adopted the magistrate’s finding that the claims involving acts before then were time-barred.
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A completed EEOC Charge Questionnaire can satisfy Title VII’s charge-filing requirement when it enables the agency to act, even without an express request for action.

Beckham v. National Railroad Passenger Corp. · filed 2008-12-10(e)(1)

Moreover, where no timely charge is subsequently filed, a completed Charge Questionnaire will — and in this case did — activate the agency’s machinery and remedial processes irrespective of whether agency action had been directly requested.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a plaintiff to file an EEOC charge within 180 days of the alleged unlawful employment practice; missing that deadline bars a subsequent Title VII suit.

Crayton v. Alabama Department of Agriculture & Industries · filed 2008-12-18(e)(1)

Thus, if a plaintiff fails to file an EEOC charge before the 180-day limitations period, the plaintiffs subsequent lawsuit is barred and must be dismissed for failure to exhaust administrative remedies.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) gives employees in Puerto Rico 180 days to file an EEOC retaliation charge because the local labor agency lacks jurisdiction over those claims.

Velez v. MARRIOTT PR MANAGEMENT, INC. · filed 2008-12-22(e)(1)

Therefore, claims for retaliation must be filed with the EEOC within 180 days from the events complained of.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a claimant to file an EEOC charge within 300 days of the allegedly unlawful employment practice.

Clayton v. Pennsylvania Department of Welfare · filed 2008-12-22(e)(1)

Title VII requires a claimant to file a charge with the EEOC within 300 days of the allegedly unlawful employment practice. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1). ... This was a discrete employment decision, about which Dr. Clayton complained to his superiors but did not file a timely EEOC complaint.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires an EEOC charge within the applicable 180- or 300-day period; earlier discrete acts cannot be pursued through a later timely charge.

Jackson v. City of Chicago · filed 2009-01-13(e)(1)

The acting-up decisions were discrete acts which could be considered only if they occurred within the appropriate time period covered by his EEOC charge.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) allows 300 days to file an EEOC charge when the claimant files a discrimination charge with a state or local agency that enforces its own anti-discrimination laws.

DeSouza v. EGL Eagle Global Logistics LP · filed 2009-01-26(e)(1)

Connecticut has its own anti-discrimination agency, the CHRO, with which the Plaintiff filed a discrimination charge. Thus, the 300-day limitation applies to the Plaintiffs claims here.
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An EEOC filing can count as a Title VII charge when it provides the required information and reasonably requests agency action; the EEOC need not have treated it as a charge.

Semsroth v. City of Wichita · filed 2008-12-22(b)

With respect to the third factor, we now make plain that we do not require evidence that the EEOC actually treated a filing as a charge to construe that document as such.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC charge to be verified while it remains pending before the EEOC; an attorney’s signature alone does not satisfy that requirement.

Hugh T. Butler, Sr. v. Greif, Inc. · filed 2009-04-08(b)

Here, Butler’s attorney’s signature did not constitute a verification. The deadline to verify the EEOC charge was while the charge was pending before the EEOC. Butler, though, did not verify it until after the EEOC had dismissed his case.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1)’s filing deadline can be met by a timely EEOC charge questionnaire that identifies the parties and generally describes the alleged discrimination.

Hodge v. United Airlines · filed 2009-10-26(e)(1)

Hodge’s Charge Questionnaire satisfies this standard. Because that Charge Questionnaire was filed within 300 days of his termination, the Court shall deny United’s motion to dismiss Hodge’s Title VII claims as untimely.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a charge to be in writing under oath or affirmation; a court assesses those requirements on the face of the charge.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Schwan's Home Service · filed 2010-06-30(b)

The Amended Charge therefore complies with the writing and oath requirements, and the Court declines to engage in any further factual inquiry to verify the allegations in the Amended Charge.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1)’s 300-day deadline for an ADA charge can be satisfied by an intake questionnaire and factual statement that comply with EEOC regulations and reasonably request agency action.

Johnson-Parks v. D.C. Chartered Health Plan · filed 2010-05-25(e)(1)

The papers plaintiff submitted on August 4, 2006 not only comply with the pertinent regulations, but may also be reasonably construed as a request for agency action. ... Accordingly, the Court finds that the submissions the plaintiff made to the EEOC on August 4, 2006, constitute a written charge of disability discrimination, and that the charge was timely filed before the 300-day limitations period had expired.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a timely EEOC charge; an untimely charge bars a Title VII discrimination claim.

Farier v. City of Mesa · filed 2010-06-21(e)(1)

Farier’s claim of discrimination in 2003 was time-barred because he did not file a timely claim with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1), (f)(1).
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) sets a 300-day EEOC charge filing period for the discrete incidents at issue.

Sallis v. Aurora Health Care, Inc. · filed 2010-06-23(e)(1)

As for the remaining claims, not only did she fail to include any of them in her EEOC charge, but most of them arise from discrete incidents that took place well outside the 300-day filing period.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a Title VII plaintiff to file an EEOC charge within 300 days of the alleged discriminatory conduct.

Emmons v. City University of New York · filed 2010-07-02(e)(1)

Emmons filed her administrative charge with the EEOC on July 22, 2008, meaning that any Title VII claims concerning acts that occurred prior to September 26, 2007 are time-barred.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1)’s 300-day filing period bars a discrimination claim when the EEOC charge is filed too late.

Fulcher v. City of Wichita · filed 2010-07-19(e)(1)

Alternatively, the court concluded that any claim of discriminatory discipline was time-barred; based on undisputed evidence, Mr. Henderson’s last discipline occurred in 2004, well before the 300-day filing period applicable to his EEOC charge. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1) (setting forth 300-day limitations period); Nat’l R.R. Pass. Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 110 (2002) (noting a claim is time-barred if it is not filed within the limits of § 2000e-5(e)(1)). ... As we cannot improve upon its persuasive reasoning, we affirm the district court’s decision for substantially the same reasons expressed therein.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a timely EEOC charge; missing the applicable filing deadline bars recovery for the alleged discrimination.

Albizu-Rodriguez v. Carlos Albizu University · filed 2010-08-09(e)(1)

Timeliness requirement under 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(l) is mandatory and failure to file within the time period means the potential plaintiff loses the ability to recover for the alleged discrimination.
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Section 2000e-5(b)’s charge-verification requirement may be waived when an employer responds to the charges on their merits during the EEOC process without objecting.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. JBS USA, LLC · filed 2011-06-09(b)

Therefore, the Court holds that the “technical” verification requirement, like the requirement of timely filing, may be waived under certain circumstances and is not a jurisdictional prerequisite.
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A later verified EEOC filing can amend an earlier filing to cure its failure to satisfy the verification requirement for a Title VII charge.

Williams v. CSX Transportation Co. · filed 2011-06-28(b)

For the technical purpose of verification, we conclude that Williams’s second filing amended — and verified — her first filing.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a discrimination charge to be in writing, under oath or affirmation, and to contain the information required by regulation.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Schwan's Home Service · filed 2011-07-13(b)

To be valid, a charge of individual or systemic discrimination must meet the statutory requirements of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(b). Shell Oil, 466 U.S. at 67. The statute requires only that the charge be in writing, under oath or affirmation, and contain the information dictated by the Code of Federal Regulations.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a discrimination charge within 180 days in a non-deferral state; an intake questionnaire can qualify as a charge when it clearly requests agency action.

Street v. United Parcel Service, Inc. · filed 2011-09-28(e)(1)

The Court concludes that Plaintiffs Intake Questionnaire met the purposes of the statutory standards and administrative requirements and was a clear request for the agency to take remedial action to protect the employee’s rights. Therefore, Defendant’s Motion for Summary Judgment on Plaintiffs discrimination claims under Title VII and the ADA as untimely is DENIED.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a Title VII charge to be filed with the EEOC within 180 days of the alleged practice, or within 300 days if the plaintiff first began state agency proceedings.

Ernandez v. Lynch · filed 2011-10-12(e)(1)

A plaintiff bringing an employment discrimination claim under Title VII must exhaust his or her administrative remedies by complying with the procedural requirements set forth in 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5. Those requirements include filing a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) within 180 days of the alleged unlawful employment practice, or, if the plaintiff initially instituted proceedings with a state agency, within 300 days of the alleged unlawful employment practice.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a timely discrimination charge; a verified charge and questionnaire can count as filed even if the EEOC cannot locate them or assign a case number.

Kelly v. Dun & Bradstreet, Inc. · filed 2011-12-05(e)(1)

Although the third charge, which was dated August 31, 2007, is the only one marked received and assigned a case number, Kelly’s prior verified charges and questionnaires were sufficient to constitute a filed charge of discrimination.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires an administrative discrimination charge to be filed within 300 days of the adverse employment action.

Ross-Caleb v. City of Rochester · filed 2011-12-15(e)(1)

Because there is a 300 day limitations period for filing an administrative complaint of discrimination, and because this court may not consider claims of discrimination that were not timely filed or tolled, the court must determine whether or not Mr. Desardouin filed his discrimination complaint with the EEOC within the 300 day limitations period for filing such complaints. ... Because Mr. Desardouin’s employment was terminated in May, 2007, his EEOC complaint filed in September, 2008, was untimely.
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When a charge is also filed with a state or local agency, § 2000e-5(e)(1) gives the claimant 300 days to file an EEOC charge, measured from the charge’s filing date.

Clemmons v. Hawaii Medical Services Ass'n · filed 2011-12-29(e)(1)

However, following the plain language of 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(l), the court uses the filing date as the operative date.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) gives a claimant 300 days to file an EEOC charge where a state or local agency can grant relief, and 180 days otherwise.

Robles v. Cox & Co. · filed 2012-01-10(e)(1)

Because New York has its own anti-discrimination laws and enforcement agency, the statute of limitations for filing a charge of discrimination with the EEOC is 300-days after the alleged occurrence of an unlawful employment practice.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) gives a claimant in a jurisdiction with a fair employment practices agency 300 days to file an EEOC charge for each discrete discriminatory act.

Featherston v. District of Columbia Superior Court · filed 2012-01-17(e)(1)

Therefore, in this case, any ADA claims concerning discrete discriminatory acts that occurred more than 300 days before plaintiff filed her charge are presumptively time-barred, but any ADA claims concerning discrete acts that occurred 300 or fewer days before plaintiff filed her charge are timely.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1) requires a Title VII plaintiff in the District of Columbia to file an EEOC charge within 300 days of the alleged unlawful employment action.

Musgrove v. Government of the District of Columbia · filed 2012-01-31(e)(1)

Musgrove’s hostile work environment claim under Title VII is barred by her failure to timely exhaust her administrative remedies. In the District, a plaintiff must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) within 300 days “after the alleged unlawful employment action occurred.”
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Section 2000e-5 requires a written, verified discrimination charge, but an agency’s mistaken filing instructions can excuse failure to verify an amendment.

James v. Sutliff Saturn Inc · filed 2012-03-15

By complying with those instructions, James satisfied the statutory policy of providing the PHRC with an opportunity to reconcile the grievance. He should not be penalized for the PHRC’s error. On these facts, we conclude that James’s failure to verify the amendment does not bar his disability discrimination claim.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a Title VII charge to be verified.

Ahuja v. Bae Systems Information Solutions, Inc. · filed 2012-04-16(b)

Unlike the ADEA, which was the statute at issue in Holowecki, Title VII requires a charge to be verified.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires verification of an EEOC charge, but the requirement is not jurisdictional and may be forfeited when the EEOC and employer proceed without objecting.

Perkins v. Federal Fruit & Produce Co. · filed 2012-03-22(b)

The verification requirement is directly analogous to the timely filing requirement and is not a jurisdictional prerequisite to a Title VII suit. ... As in Buck, I conclude that these circumstances amount to a forfeiture by the EEOC and Federal Fruit to enforce the verification requirement.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires an EEOC discrimination charge to be in writing under oath or affirmation; an unverified attorney letter does not qualify as a charge.

Lara v. Raytheon Technical Services Company, LLC. · filed 2012-05-17(b)

A charge of discrimination filed with the EEOC must be in writing under oath or affirmation. ... The letter from Lara’s attorney to the EEOC did not meet these verification requirements and thus does not constitute an EEOC charge.
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Section 2000e-5(e)(1), incorporated into the ADA, requires a timely EEOC charge; an intake questionnaire seeking information rather than agency enforcement does not satisfy that requirement.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Summer Classics, Inc. · filed 2012-06-12(e)(1)

Thus, prior to filing a claim for discrimination under the ADA, a plaintiff must first file a charge of discrimination with the EEOC. Id. § 2000e-5(e)(1); see also 29 C.F.R. § 1626.7(a). Failure to file the charge within 180 days of the alleged unlawful employment practice bars the claim. ... The only reasonable reading of Mr. Lowe’s questionnaire is as a request for information and answers about his rights, rather than a demand for agency enforcement. Id.
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Section 2000e-5 requires a private Title VII plaintiff to file a timely EEOC charge before suing.

Chin v. Port Authority of New York & New Jersey · filed 2012-07-10(e)(1)

As a prerequisite to filing suit under Title VII, a private plaintiff must first file a timely charge with the EEOC. See 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-5(e)(1), (f)(1).
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An EEOC intake questionnaire can count as a charge when it identifies the employer, alleges discrimination, and reasonably requests agency action.

Leftwich v. Gallaudet University · filed 2012-07-19(f)(1)

These allegations are reasonably interpreted as requests for the EEOC to “activate its machinery and remedial processes,” and are therefore “charges.”
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An informal letter can count as a Title VII charge when it asks the EEOC to begin its remedial process.

Thomas v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority · filed 2012-12-06(e)(1)

The language that plaintiff included in his letter indicating that he wanted to file a complaint based on race, national origin and age discrimination and that he was "filing th[e] complaint" at that time "in order to observe the statute of limitation[s] of 180 days and accelerate the process" would lead an objective observer to conclude that he was requesting that the agency activate its machinery and remedial processes.
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Section 2000e-5(b) requires a Title VII charge; an intake questionnaire that does not request EEOC action does not qualify as one.

Merchant v. Prince George's County · filed 2013-05-31(b)

Thus, even crediting Plaintiffs contention that she filed her intake form in October 2011, that filing cannot be deemed a charge.
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An ADA intake questionnaire must be verified to qualify as an EEOC charge; a later verified charge does not cure that defect if it alleges a new discriminatory act rather than elaborating the original allegations.

Chesnut v. Ethan Allen Retail, Inc. · filed 2013-09-20(b)

Chesnut’s late-filed charge of discrimination is therefore not an amendment of her intake questionnaire, and her intake questionnaire’s defective verification remains uncured.
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Notes 1–150 of 12,143, oldest cases first.

9,679 more cases cited this section only in passing

These cases mention the section without interpreting it (a string cite, a footnote, background). Listed so you can see the full citation record, not just the annotated rulings.

Franklin v. County School Board of Giles County, the court cites the section as support for reinstatement after deciding that the teachers’ discharge violated the Fourteenth Amendment. opinion →
Ward v. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., the court discussed a limitations defense under § 2000e-5(e) but expressly declined to decide it. opinion →
Farkas v. Texas Instrument, Inc. And Ling-Temco-Vought, Inc., the court mentions the section in a footnote while deciding whether an executive order permits a private enforcement action. opinion →
Cooper v. Delta Air Lines, Inc., the court cites the section as its basis for jurisdiction and dismisses the suit based on its reading of Title VII’s discrimination provisions. opinion →
United States v. Local 189, United Papermakers & Paperworkers, the court mentions § 2000e-5(h) to explain why its express exemption does not limit injunctive relief in the Attorney General’s suit under § 2000e-6. opinion →
Griggs v. Duke Power Company, the court cites the section only as the basis for its jurisdiction over the action. opinion →
Dobbins v. Local 212, International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers, the court recites the section’s civil-action, remedy, and attorney-fee provisions as background without deciding how they apply. opinion →
Brittian v. Belk Gallant Co., the court cites the section as the basis for the damages action but decides pleading issues without construing it. opinion →
Phillips v. Martin Marietta Corporation, the court cites the section to identify the basis for the complaint, then decides whether the hiring policy violated § 2000e-2. opinion →
Norman v. Missouri Pacific Railroad, a concurring judge cites the section while discussing a remedy the court did not decide. opinion →
St. Clair v. Local Union No. 515 of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and Help, the court cites § 2000e-5(g) as an analogy when deciding damages for a union’s breach of its duty of fair representation. opinion →
South Central Bell Telephone Co. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the court cites the section to identify separate litigation while deciding whether that litigation bars enforcement of the Commission’s evidence demand. opinion →
Diaz v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., the court cites § 2000e-5(f) as the basis for the action and decides whether Pan Am’s hiring policy violates § 2000e-2. opinion →
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. United Ass'n of Journeymen & Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipefitting Indust, the court cites Section 706(i) as the basis for jurisdiction while deciding whether the union’s referral provisions violate Title VII. opinion →
Rogers v. Loether, the court uses § 2000e-5(g) as an analogy while deciding whether a Fair Housing Act damages claim requires a jury. opinion →
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. United Association Of Journeymen And Apprentices Of The Plumbing And Pipefitt, the court stayed the district court’s order after finding a substantial question about the Commission’s authority under the section, leaving that question for appeal. opinion →
Brush v. San Francisco Newspaper Printing Company, the court mentions the section’s intent requirement while deciding whether newspapers are employment agencies under Title VII. opinion →
United States v. Gray, the court cites § 2000e-5 as a parallel provision while deciding the pattern-or-practice requirement for Attorney General suits under § 2000a-5. opinion →
Crosslin Et Vir v. Mountain States Telephone & Telegraph Co., Justice Douglas discussed § 2000e-5(b)'s filing rule in a dissent urging the Court to grant certiorari. opinion →
(1971), the attorney general discusses the federal section as a comparison while advising on Wisconsin disclosure rules. opinion →
Fair v. Southern Bell Telephone & Telegraph Co., the court mentions the section in describing an earlier conciliation referral, then stays the case pending collective bargaining without deciding the section's requirements. opinion →
United States v. Northside Realty Associates, Inc., the court cites the section as an analogy while deciding discovery in a Title VIII case. opinion →
Linscott v. Millers Falls Company, the court cites the section while declining to decide whether its administrative prerequisites apply to this action. opinion →
Spurlock v. United Airlines, Inc., the court cites § 2000e-5 as the basis for the action and decides whether United’s flight officer qualifications were discriminatory. opinion →
Sewell v. The Grand Lodge of the International Association of MacHinists and Aerospace Workers, the court mentions the section as part of the Union’s proposed limitations analogy and applies Alabama’s one-year period to the labor union rights claim. opinion →
Parliament House Motor Hotel v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the court cites § 2000e-5 in describing the charges but decides the scope of the EEOC’s evidence demands under separate investigatory provisions. opinion →
Johnson v. Pike Corporation of America, the court mentions § 2000e-5 only when recounting the steps the plaintiff took before filing suit. opinion →
Ochoa v. Monsanto Company, the court cites the section to establish jurisdiction over the Title VII suit after noting that the plaintiff exhausted his administrative remedies. opinion →
De Figueiredo v. Trans World Airlines, Inc., the opinion cites the section in describing the plaintiff’s claims, then decides motions to consolidate the cases and join a defendant. opinion →
Shultz v. Local 1291, International Longshoremen's Ass'n, the court mentions the section’s remedial discretion in a footnote while deciding whether a union election rule violates the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act. opinion →
Carter v. Gallagher, the court cites § 2000e-5(g) as a comparison for hiring relief while deciding a claim under § 1981 and the Fourteenth Amendment. opinion →
James D. Hodgson, Secretary of Labor, United States Department of Labor v. Lum Humphries, Doing Business as Wagoner Radi, the court cites § 2000e-5(d) as an example while deciding whether the Portal-to-Portal Act’s time limit must be pleaded as a defense. opinion →
Lavina TOROCKIO Et Al., Appellants, v. CHAMBERLAIN MFG. CO., a Corp., Et Al., the court notes that the Title VII suit may have been timely under the section but expressly declines to decide that issue. opinion →
Bragg v. ROBERTSHAW CONTROLS CO., FULTON SYLPHON DIV., the court cites the section as the basis for the action but decides the seniority discrimination claim under § 2000e-2(a). opinion →
Christian v. General Motors Corporation, the court cites the section as its basis for jurisdiction and decides the discrimination claims under other provisions. opinion →
Dorothy BRADY, Appellant, v. BRISTOL-MEYERS, INC., Appellee, the court leaves the timeliness question under § 2000e-5(f) unresolved and reinstates the complaint under § 1981. opinion →
United States v. Local 638, Enterprise Ass'n of Steam, the court cites the section to contrast its stay provision with the Attorney General’s action while deciding whether the City Commission may intervene under Rule 24. opinion →
Dorcus v. WESTVACO CORPORATION, the court cites § 2000e-5(f) as a basis for jurisdiction and decides the discrimination claim under § 2000e-2(a)(1). opinion →
Golob v. Nauman Vandervoort, Inc., the court cites the section as an example of express civil liability while deciding whether the Securities Exchange Act permits an implied civil action. opinion →
H. Kessler & Co. v. Equal Employment Opportunity, the judge discusses the section’s disclosure rule in a partial dissent, rather than stating the court’s holding. opinion →
United States v. St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Co., the cited discussion of subsection (g) appears only in a concurrence, while the court’s majority addressed the seniority remedy. opinion →
Baxter v. Savannah Sugar Refining Corporation, the opinion quotes the section in a footnote without deciding its meaning or application. opinion →
Wilbert Tony WASHINGTON, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SAFEWAY CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, the court cites the section while recounting the Commission’s unsuccessful conciliation efforts. opinion →
Trafficante v. Metropolitan Life Insurance, the Court cites the section while describing another court’s ruling, then decides standing under the Fair Housing Act. opinion →
United States v. Philadelphia Electric Co., the court describes § 706 while deciding whether the Attorney General’s action under § 707 could proceed. opinion →
Davis v. Washington, the court cites the section while speculating about a remedy it might have granted if the plaintiffs had prevailed. opinion →
Cofield v. Goldman, Sachs & Company, the court expressly leaves open whether the section would bar proof of a job offer made during a federal proceeding. opinion →
Woodford v. Kinney Shoe Corporation, the court cites the section’s written-charge requirement to support its decision about notice under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. opinion →
Ringer v. Mumford, the court mentions the section while explaining that Ringer did not rely on the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972. opinion →
Ellison v. ROCK HILL PRINTING AND FINISHING COMPANY, the court cites subsection (f) in finding venue proper from the pleadings, without interpreting its venue rule. opinion →
5 Fair empl.prac.cas. 587, 5 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 8460 United States of America v. Georgia Power Company, Charles King v., the court decides that back pay is available in the Attorney General’s pattern or practice suit and expressly declines to decide whether § 2000e-5(g) permits back pay for unnamed class members. opinion →
Shelton v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the court cites the section to describe the EEOC’s responsibilities while deciding a due process challenge to an employee’s discharge. opinion →
Blackburn v. City of Columbus, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) only as an example of statutory authority for attorneys’ fees while denying a fee request under Rule 41(a)(2). opinion →
McGarvey v. Merck & Co., Inc., the court uses subsection (c) as an analogy while deciding whether the Age Discrimination in Employment Act requires prior resort to state remedies. opinion →
Hill-Vincent v. Richardson, the court identifies § 2000e-5 as § 706 while deciding whether the 1972 Act's limited retroactivity rule applies to a claim under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Burns v. American National Bank, the dissent cites the section as an example of a statute permitting suits against both state and national banks in federal court. opinion →
Burns v. American National Bank & Trust Co., the dissent cites the section as an example of a statute allowing federal suits against banks; the majority does not decide its meaning. opinion →
Iowa Civil Rights Commission v. Massey-Ferguson, Inc., the court cited § 2000e-5(d) for comparison while deciding the filing deadline under Iowa law. opinion →
Burgett v. Cudahy Company, the court describes Title VII’s charge-filing requirements as an analogy while deciding notice requirements for an Age Discrimination in Employment Act representative suit. opinion →
Massey v. ILLINOIS RANGE COMPANY, the opinion cites the section only as an alleged basis for jurisdiction and decides whether the complaint states a claim under § 2000e-2(c). opinion →
Stebbins v. Keystone Insurance Company Emmett J. Stebbins v. Insurance Company of North America, the opinion cites the section only to describe the District Court's basis for jurisdiction. opinion →
United States v. Local 638, Enterprise Ass'n of Steam, Hot Water, Hydraulic Sprinkler, Pneumatic Tube, Compressed Air, I, the court cites the section as the basis for requested back pay and fees but reserves those issues for later determination. opinion →
Woods v. North American Rockwell Corp., the court cites the section as the basis for the suit while deciding whether Woods proved discrimination or a breach of the union’s duty of fair representation. opinion →
Woods v. Norht American Rockwell Corp., the court cites the section to identify the basis for the suit, then decides whether the evidence showed discrimination and a breach of the union’s duty of fair representation. opinion →
Pablo VINA, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. HUB ELECTRIC COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee, the court mentions the section’s filing deadline to explain Vina’s prompt pro se filing while deciding whether dismissal for want of prosecution was proper. opinion →
Western Addition Community Organization v. National Labor Relations Board, the Emporium Capwell Company, Interventor, the court quotes § 2000e-5(g) in a footnote to illustrate Title VII's treatment of reinstatement while deciding a labor dispute. opinion →
Hackley v. Johnson, the court cites § 2000e-5 as provisions incorporated into federal employees’ civil actions while deciding the standard of review under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Stanford Daily v. Zurcher, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an example of statutory fee shifting while awarding fees in a Fourth Amendment suit. opinion →
Trivett v. Tri-State Container Corp., the court declines to decide the permissible scope of back pay before trial and preserves the issue for a later judgment. opinion →
Henderson v. First National Bank of Montgomery, the court lists compliance with the section among undisputed preliminary findings and decides the discrimination claim without interpreting those procedures. opinion →
Paddison v. Fidelity Bank, the court mentions the section’s attorney-fee provision while explaining its decision to proceed with a Rule 23(b)(2) class action. opinion →
Motorola, Inc. v. McLain, the court mentions the section while recounting how the charges reached the EEOC, then decides the scope of the EEOC's investigatory powers under other sections. opinion →
Mosley v. General Motors Corp., the court cites the section only as an alleged basis for jurisdiction. opinion →
Claxton L. Burns, on Behalf of Himself and Others Similarly Situated v. Thiokol Chemical Corporation, the court mentions § 2000e-5(a) while recounting an earlier ruling and decides this appeal under the federal discovery rules. opinion →
Boyd Peters v. Missouri-Pacific Railroad Company, Defendant-Third Party v. United Transportation Union, Third Party, the court cites the section to describe the plaintiffs’ suit and decides whether the railroad violated § 2000e-2(a). opinion →
Espinoza v. Farah Manufacturing Co., the court cites the section in a footnote about the petitioners’ exhaustion of administrative remedies before suing. opinion →
Bellamy v. Mason's Stores, Inc., the court cites § 2000e-5(f) as a basis for jurisdiction while deciding whether the alleged discrimination is prohibited by Title VII. opinion →
Jackson v. U. S. Civil Service Commission, the court cites Section 706 to explain the private-sector procedures referenced by § 2000e-16 while deciding the scope of review for federal employees. opinion →
Pettit v. United States, a dissent cites the section while disputing the majority’s remand and its view of the courts authorized to hear the claim. opinion →
Logan v. Richard E. Carmack & Associates, the court cites § 2000e-5(e) as an analogy while deciding the filing deadline under § 3610. opinion →
Blankenship v. Ralston Purina Co., the court cites Title VII notice cases to decide whether members of an ADEA class must file their own notices. opinion →
Crockett v. Virginia Folding Box Co., the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction while deciding class definition and discovery issues under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. opinion →
PHYSICIANS MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY v. Duffy, the court cites § 2000e-5(g) as a federal analogue while interpreting Nebraska’s employment discrimination statute. opinion →
Virginia L. GOGER, Appellant, v. H. K. PORTER COMPANY, INC., Appellee, the court uses § 2000e-5 as an analogy while deciding the state agency filing requirement under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. opinion →
Kurylas v. U. S. Department of Agriculture, the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction but decides the filing deadline and exhaustion issues under § 2000e-16(c). opinion →
Curtis v. Loether, the Court cites § 2000e-5(g) to compare Title VII backpay with Title VIII damages and expressly declines to decide the Title VII jury trial issue. opinion →
B & C Tire Co., Inc. v. INTERNAL REV. SERV., DEPT. OF TR., US, the court cites § 2000e-5(b) as an example while deciding the scope of a Freedom of Information Act exemption. opinion →
Luther HUMPHREY, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SOUTHWESTERN PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY, Defendant-Appellant, the opinion cites § 2000e-5(g) to identify the basis for the district court’s damages award, then reverses because the plaintiff failed to prove discrimination. opinion →
Tuma v. American Can Company, the court cites the section only as a basis for jurisdiction over the claims. opinion →
Ficklin v. Sabatini, the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction but decides claims under other sections. opinion →
Johnson v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., the court notes the amended back-pay limit in a footnote without applying it to the case. opinion →
Kirkland v. New York State Department of Correctional Services, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as a comparison while awarding attorneys’ fees in a suit brought under §§ 1981 and 1983. opinion →
Bryan v. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co., the court considered the EEOC filing deadline as a possible defense when assessing the settlement, but did not decide whether the plaintiffs’ charges were timely. opinion →
Gilbert v. General Electric Company, the court cites the section only as the basis for jurisdiction over the suit. opinion →
Held v. Missouri Pacific Railroad, the opinion mentions the section while recounting an earlier motion to dismiss, then decides whether the suit may proceed as a class action under Rule 23. opinion →
6 Fair empl.prac.cas. 1013, 6 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 8993 Associated General Contractors of Massachusetts, Inc. v. Alts, the court cites the section as an example of remedies ordered in earlier Title VII cases while considering a constitutional challenge to a state hiring plan. opinion →
Spencer v. Schlesinger, the court cites § 2000e-5 to describe private employee prerequisites while deciding the process for federal employees under § 2000e-16. opinion →
International Union of Electrical, Radio & Machine Workers v. National Labor Relations Board, the judge cites subsection (k) as an example of an express attorney-fee provision while discussing the NLRB’s authority to award fees. opinion →
Vaughn v. Chrysler Corporation, the court cites § 2000e-5(c) as an analogy while deciding requirements for a suit under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. opinion →
Claude E. LONG, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, Defendant-Appellant, the court cites § 2000e-5(d) as the source of Title VII’s filing deadline while deciding whether that deadline limits a separate § 1981 claim. opinion →
Kohn v. Royall, Koegel & Wells, the court cites the section’s fee provision while deciding whether the class action order is appealable. opinion →
Koger v. Ball, the court discusses the amendments to § 706 only to decide whether § 717(c) applies to pending federal employee claims. opinion →
Jones v. United States, the court cites § 2000e-5 to contrast the treatment of pending EEOC charges with the federal employee claim it dismisses. opinion →
Topic v. CIRCLE REALTY COMPANY, the court cites § 2000e-5(a) while describing another court’s standing decision. opinion →
Nathaniel MOSLEY Et Al., Appellants, v. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION Et Al., Appellees, the court cites the section to describe the plaintiffs’ notice of their right to sue, then decides whether their claims may be joined under Rule 20. opinion →
Bridgeport Guardians, Inc. v. Members of the Bridgeport Civil Service Commission, the court cites the section’s fee provision to contrast Title VII with the § 1983 claim before it. opinion →
Johnson v. Railway Express Agency, Inc., the court granted certiorari on a question involving the section but did not decide it. opinion →
Gonzalez v. Gonzalez, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) while adopting Johnson’s fee factors for a separate civil rights suit. opinion →
Wallace v. House, the court lists § 2000e-5(k) as an example of a statutory fee provision while deciding an attorney’s fee award in a voting rights case. opinion →
8 Fair empl.prac.cas. 121, 7 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 9427 James Fowler v. Ruth Schwarzwalder, and Daniel R. Souder, Defendant, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an analogy when remanding an attorney’s fees request in a suit under §§ 1981 and 1983. opinion →
The Wilderness Society v. Rogers C. B. Morton, Secretary of the Interior, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an example of a statute authorizing attorney fees while addressing fees in an environmental case. opinion →
Wade v. Mississippi Cooperative Extension Service, the court cited § 2000e-5(k) as an analogy for awarding attorney fees in a public employment discrimination case that the cited provision did not govern. opinion →
Willingham v. Lynn, the court cites § 2000e-5 as a jurisdictional and remedial basis invoked by the plaintiffs, but dismisses the action on sovereign immunity and administrative exhaustion grounds concerning § 2000e-16. opinion →
Brewer v. Republic Steel Corp., the court cites the section as authority for the suit while deciding motions to intervene under Rule 24. opinion →
International Ass'n of Machinists & Aerospace Workers Lodge No. 1194 v. Sargent Industries, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an example of statutory authorization for attorney’s fees while awarding fees in a labor dispute. opinion →
Seaman v. Spring Lake Park Independent School District No. 16, the court mentions § 2000e-5(k) as a source of fees in Title VII cases but decides the fee request in an action brought under § 1983. opinion →
Guerra v. Manchester Terminal Corp., the court cites the section's EEOC filing requirements but leaves the questions about those requirements undecided because Guerra was outside Title VII's coverage. opinion →
Hockett v. Administrator of Veterans Affairs, the court cites § 2000e-5(f) as an invoked basis for jurisdiction and decides standing under § 2000e-16(c). opinion →
Roney v. Saxbe, the court mentions § 2000e-5 only in a quotation of § 2000e-16(c) and decides the filing deadline under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Wells v. Frontier Airlines, the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction without deciding its rules. opinion →
Green v. MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY, the court cites § 2000e-5(f)(1) as a basis for jurisdiction while deciding whether the railroad’s hiring policies were discriminatory. opinion →
John W. Marr and Lucille Marr v. Rife, the court mentions § 2000e-5(k) while discussing another court’s Title VII attorney fee award as an analogy for a Fair Housing Act fee issue. opinion →
Brooks v. Lynn, the opinion cites the section only while recounting the complainant's argument for a trial de novo. opinion →
McLaughlin v. Callaway, the court cites § 2000e-5(b) to contrast private-sector conciliation with the federal-sector review procedure it decides under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Haire v. Calloway, the court cites § 2000e-5 to compare private employees’ procedures with the federal employee procedure it decides under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Dixon v. Omaha Public Power District, the court cites the section only as the basis for its jurisdiction over the Title VII action. opinion →
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO, ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO, Defen, the court cites the section as the source of charges that trigger an EEOC investigation while deciding whether an investigative subpoena is enforceable. opinion →
Slamon v. Westinghouse Electric Corp., the court cites the section as the basis for its jurisdiction while deciding whether the employer discriminated against the plaintiff. opinion →
Bujel v. Borman Food Stores, Inc., the court cites the section to recount the complaint’s administrative deferral before deciding the discrimination claim under § 2000e-2. opinion →
Stokes v. Lecce, the opinion mentions § 2000e-5(k) only in a footnote summarizing another court's attorney-fee ruling. opinion →
Susan Rae BAKER, Appellant, v. STUART BROADCASTING COMPANY, a Corporation, Et Al., Appellees, the court cites the section to identify a separate pending Title VII action after dismissing the § 1985(3) claim. opinion →
Archuleta v. Callaway, the court describes the section’s procedure for private employees while deciding the scope of review and class certification for a federal employee under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Clarence BROWN, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Et Al., Defendants-Appellees, the court cites § 2000e-5 while rejecting an inference about the retroactivity of the separate federal employee remedy in § 2000e-16(c). opinion →
Robert E. BAKER, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CALIFORNIA LAND TITLE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee, the court cites § 2000e-5(f)(3) as the basis for district court jurisdiction while deciding whether the employer’s grooming policy violates § 2000e-2(a). opinion →
Brooks v. Brinegar, the court cites § 2000e-5 as the procedure for a civil action while deciding when § 2000e-16(c) permits a federal employee to sue after an administrative appeal. opinion →
Thompson v. Link, the court mentions the section only as a jurisdictional basis alleged by the plaintiff and decides the applicability of § 2000e-16 instead. opinion →
Rackin v. University of Pennsylvania, the court mentions the section only while quoting another court’s discussion of the 1972 amendments. opinion →
Eastland v. Tennessee Valley Authority, the court cites § 2000e-5 as a provision incorporated by § 2000e-16 while deciding the standard of review for federal employees. opinion →
Howard v. National Cash Register Co., the court cites the section for possible remedies, then finds no discrimination and enters judgment for the employer. opinion →
Sale v. Waverly-Shell Rock Board of Education, the court cites the section as its basis for jurisdiction while deciding whether the denial of pregnancy-related sick leave pay violates Title VII. opinion →
Sosna v. Iowa, the dissent cites the section while distinguishing Title VII standing from the class action mootness issue the Court decided. opinion →
United States v. Youritan Construction Company, a Corporation, the court cites § 2000e-5 to note the EEOC’s enforcement role while striking an injunction for lack of notice and opportunity to defend. opinion →
Jersey Central Power & Light Co. v. Local Unions 327, 749, 1289, 1298, 1303, 1309 & 1314 of the International Brotherhoo, the concurrence cites the section while listing possible avenues for relief, without deciding its enforcement rules. opinion →
ALPHA PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY, Defendant-Appellant, v. Willie C. REESE, Plaintiff-Appellee, the court cites § 2000e-5 while deciding whether Title VII’s EEOC procedures limit a class action under § 1981. opinion →
Firebird Society of New Haven, Inc. v. New Haven Board of Fire Commissioners, the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction and decides the motion to intervene under Rule 24. opinion →
Fuqua v. Robinson, the court identifies § 2000e-5(f)(3) as a jurisdiction grant but decides the suit under the filing deadline in § 2000e-16(c). opinion →
McConnell v. Mercantile National Bank at Dallas, the opinion mentions the section only as McConnell’s claimed basis for federal court jurisdiction. opinion →
National Labor Relations Board v. J. Weingarten, Inc., the opinion cites the section only as an example of a federal law limiting employer discipline and discharge. opinion →
Anthony M. SALONE, Jr., Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America Et Al., Appellees, the court cites § 2000e-5 through § 2000e-16 while deciding whether a federal employee is entitled to a trial de novo. opinion →
Zichy v. City of Philadelphia, the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction while deciding whether the city’s sick leave policy violates Title VII. opinion →
Hollander v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., the court cites § 2000e-5 while rejecting an argument that the plaintiff had to exhaust EEOC remedies before suing under § 1981. opinion →
Jeanette B. FLOWERS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. TURBINE SUPPORT DIVISION Et Al., Defendants-Appellees, the court mentions the section’s provisions for appointing counsel and waiving costs in a tentative footnote while deciding pauper status under 28 U.S.C. § 1915. opinion →
Gene D. CURRY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CONTINENTAL AIRLINES, Defendant-Appellee, the court uses decisions interpreting Title VII’s state deference provision to resolve whether the plaintiff had to defer his age discrimination complaint to a state agency under 29 U.S.C. § 633(b). opinion →
Willie S. GRIGGS Et Al., Appellants, v. DUKE POWER COMPANY, a Corporation, Appellee, the court cites the section in describing the district court's EEOC filing requirement, expressly declines to decide that issue, and affirms on res judicata grounds. opinion →
Joslyn N. Williams and Robert L. Bostick v. L. Quincy Mumford, Librarian of Congress, the court cites the section’s back-pay and attorney-fee provisions as incentives to continue the suit while deciding whether the denial of class certification is immediately appealable. opinion →
Edith M. HOLTHAUS, Appellant, v. COMPTON & SONS, INC., a Corporation, Appellee, the court cites the section as the basis for the complaint and decides whether the discharge violated § 2000e-2(a). opinion →
McCrary ex rel. McCrary v. Runyon, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an example of Title VII fee awards while deciding whether to award fees in a § 1981 suit. opinion →
Calage v. University of Tennessee, the court cites § 2000e-5 in a reference to Title VII and decides whether the plaintiff suffered sex discrimination without deciding the section’s enforcement rules. opinion →
Privette v. UNION CARBIDE CORP., CONSUMER PROD. DIV., the court cites the section as its basis for jurisdiction over the Title VII action. opinion →
Bridges v. City of North Chicago, the court cites the section as a basis for its jurisdiction over the case. opinion →
Anton E. SPERLING, Appellant, v. UNITED STATES of America Et Al., Appellees, the court cites the section as the district court’s jurisdictional basis for a § 717 claim. opinion →
Martha D. YOUNG, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SOUTHWESTERN SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION, Defendant-Appellee, the court cites the section as the basis for the lawsuit while deciding whether the employer's conduct amounted to religious discrimination. opinion →
Mele v. United States Department of Justice, the court cites the section for jurisdiction and requested relief while deciding the validity of a consent decree and the plaintiff’s testing claim. opinion →
Copeland v. Brennan, the court cites § 2000e-5(f)(1) as a counterpart while deciding when the filing period under § 2000e-16(c) begins. opinion →
Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society, the court cites the section as an example of statutory fee shifting while deciding whether courts may award fees under a judicially created rule. opinion →
Paul CUMMINS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PARKER SEAL COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee, the court cites the section when suggesting relief for the district court to consider on remand, without deciding that relief. opinion →
McCrary v. Runyon, the opinion cites § 2000e-5(k) in a footnote without deciding what it requires. opinion →
Cole v. University of Hartford, the court cites the section only as the EEOC procedure that need not be exhausted before a separate § 1981 suit. opinion →
Nance v. Union Carbide Corp., the court states only that the plaintiff complied with the section’s procedures while deciding the discrimination claim. opinion →
Johnson v. Railway Express Agency, the Court compares Title VII with § 1981 while deciding whether an EEOC charge tolls the separate § 1981 limitations period. opinion →
Mason v. Owens-Illinois, the court cites the section only to reject an argument that missed Title VII procedures bar the separate § 1981 action. opinion →
10 Fair empl.prac.cas. 1092, 9 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 10,203 Mary Vick, Cross-Appellee v. Texas Employment Commission, Cross, the opinion cites the section to describe the district court’s award, then resolves the appeal under Title VII’s employment-agency provision. opinion →
Predmore v. Allen, the court mentions the section while discussing possible relief, then certifies the class under Rule 23. opinion →
21 Fair empl.prac.cas. 895, 22 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 30,563, the dissent cites the Supreme Court's description of the section's backpay remedy while disputing the majority's treatment of backpay in a § 1983 case. opinion →
Fred A. Cruz, Etc. v. W. B. (Bill) Hauck, the court cites the section for comparison while deciding whether the judge could refer this prisoner suit to a magistrate under Rule 53. opinion →
Hodge v. Commissioner, the court cites § 2000e-5(g) to identify back pay as a Title VII remedy while deciding whether the settlement was taxable under the Internal Revenue Code. opinion →
Juanita CAUSEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY Et Al., Defendants-Appellees, the court cites the section to recount the appellant’s EEOC charge and right-to-sue notice. opinion →
Beverly A. TROY, D/B/A Bev’s Fillin’ Station, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SHELL OIL COMPANY, a Delaware Corporation, Defenda, the court mentions the section’s 180-day period but dismisses the appeal as moot without deciding whether the district court could grant relief during that period. opinion →
Kenneth Q. ADAMS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Claude S. BRINEGAR Et Al., Defendants-Appellees, the court used section 706 to interpret whether the separate federal employee provision applied to a pending discrimination complaint. opinion →
Perkins v. United States Deptartment of Agriculture, the court used § 2000e-5 as a comparison while deciding whether a federal employee was entitled to a trial de novo under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Beazer v. New York City Transit Authority, the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction. opinion →
Duplop v. Darboian Enterprises, Incorporated, the court uses § 2000e-5(g) as an analogy while deciding whether an FLSA Section 17 action carries a right to a jury trial. opinion →
Robert H. Rice, Carlton M. Glenn, Intervenor v. Gates Rubber Company, the court cited the section while leaving a possible attorney’s fee award to the district court if the class claim succeeded on remand. opinion →
McMiller v. Bird & Son, Inc., the court cites § 2000e-5(f) as its basis for jurisdiction over the Title VII claim while deciding class certification under Rule 23. opinion →
Sabala v. Western Gillette, the court cites subsection (k) to contrast Title VII fee authority with the separate § 1981 fee claim before it. opinion →
Sabala v. Western Gillette, Inc., the court identifies Title VII’s fee statute while deciding the availability of fees in a separate § 1981 action. opinion →
Davis v. Board of School Commissioners of Mobile County, the court discusses Title VII rights while deciding whether a school employee must intervene in a pending desegregation case. opinion →
11 Fair empl.prac.cas. 161, 10 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 10,325 Barbara R. Hutchison, Cross-Appellant v. Lake Oswego School Dis, the court cites the section as the basis for the fee award while deciding Title VII liability and whether immunity limits recovery from the defendants. opinion →
Sagers v. Yellow Freight Systems, Inc., the court cites the section to identify this as a private Title VII action while deciding whether the consent decree lacked notice required by Rule 23(e). opinion →
Rogers v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the court cites § 2000e-5(f)(3) as a basis for jurisdiction while deciding a discrimination claim under § 2000e-16. opinion →
13 Fair empl.prac.cas. 1137, 10 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 10,405, the court cites the section to identify a separate Title VII action while deciding intervention and an appeal concerning preliminary relief. opinion →
United States v. City of Jackson, Mississippi, the court cites § 2000e-5 to identify a separate Title VII action while deciding the appeals under intervention and preliminary-injunction rules. opinion →
Emmet WINDSOR, Appellant, v. BETHESDA GENERAL HOSPITAL and Servicemaster Hospital Corporation, Appellees, the court notes that Windsor did not contest the dismissal of his untimely Title VII claim and decides his separate § 1981 claim. opinion →
George DUPREE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. HUTCHINS BROTHERS Et Al., Defendants-Appellees, the court mentions the section’s filing deadline while recounting the appellant’s argument, then decides that his § 1981 claim is time-barred. opinion →
Longo v. Carlisle DeCoppet & Co., the court mentions the section only to describe the right-to-sue letter; it decides whether the alleged grooming policy violates § 703(a). opinion →
United States v. J. C. Long, Individually and as of the Estate of Frank J. Sottile, and the Worth Agency, a Partnership, the court cited Section 2000e-5 while distinguishing Title VII back pay from the damages sought under the Fair Housing Act. opinion →
Betty J. MOSES, Appellant, v. FALSTAFF BREWING CORPORATION, a Delaware Corporation, Appellee, the court mentions § 2000e-5(e) as the Title VII counterpart to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act notice requirement it decides. opinion →
Skoglund v. Singer Company, the court uses § 2000e-5(c) as an analogy while deciding ADEA’s state deferral and filing requirements. opinion →
Bucks County Board of Commissioners v. Interstate Energy Co., the court cites the section as an example of an express jurisdictional grant while deciding whether NEPA confers jurisdiction. opinion →
Tietz v. Local 10 of the International Association of Bridge, Structural and Ornamental Iron Workers, the court cited the section as a source of possible relief but dismissed the appeal for lack of a final order without deciding what relief the section allows. opinion →
Keely v. Westinghouse Electric Corp., the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction but does not decide its rules. opinion →
Fiallo v. Levi, the court cites the section as an example of congressional policy against sex discrimination while addressing immigration law. opinion →
Burt v. Stop & Shop Companies, Inc., the court cites the section only when describing the asserted basis for jurisdiction, then dismisses the discrimination claims for lack of evidence. opinion →
Smith v. Olinkraft, Inc., the court cites the section as a source of jurisdiction while deciding the limitations period for a § 1981 damages claim. opinion →
Caro v. Schultz, the court cites section 706 through § 2000e-16 while deciding the scope of district court review of a federal employee’s claim. opinion →
Caro v. Schultz, the court cites section 706 to interpret the separate federal-employee review provision in § 2000e-16. opinion →
Haire v. Calloway, the court uses the section’s expedition provision while deciding the federal-employee review procedure under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Piva v. Xerox Corp., the court cites § 2000e-5(f) as a basis for jurisdiction while introducing a motion for class certification. opinion →
Barrett v. United States Civil Service Commission, the court cited § 2000e-5(f)(1) as a possible basis for remand but denied remand without deciding whether it applies to federal employees. opinion →
Wageed v. Schenuit Industries, Inc., the court discusses the section’s state-agency procedure while deciding whether a state administrative decision bars a § 1981 suit. opinion →
Larry G. HARDISON, Appellant, v. TRANS WORLD AIRLINES, INC., Et Al., Appellees, the court cites the section as the basis for jurisdiction and directs the district court to determine relief under it, without deciding what relief it provides. opinion →
Vazquez v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., the court compares Title VII’s procedures with the ADEA while deciding whether an ADEA plaintiff must begin state proceedings before filing suit. opinion →
Blakely v. Chrysler Corp., the court cites the section as its basis for jurisdiction over the Title VII suit. opinion →
Chance v. Board of Examiners & the Board of Education, the dissent cites § 2000e-5(g) only to compare its equitable remedies with those available under § 1981. opinion →
Pons v. Lorillard, the court uses § 2000e-5(g) as a comparison while deciding whether an Age Discrimination Act claim for lost wages is triable to a jury. opinion →
Peters v. Middlebury College, the court cites the section only as the basis for its jurisdiction. opinion →
Gates v. Collier, the court mentions the section’s fee provisions while raising, but not deciding, whether such statutes can be applied to state defendants. opinion →
Williams v. Tennessee Valley Authority, the court cites § 2000e-5 for legislative history while deciding whether a federal employee class action can proceed under § 2000e-16. opinion →
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, Appellant, v. LACLEDE GAS COMPANY, Appellee, the court cites the section to note that the trial court could stay proceedings for conciliation if Laclede seeks it on remand. opinion →
Coles v. General Howard W. Penny, Director, Defense Mapping Agency, the court uses § 2000e-5 as a model for interpreting the notice requirement for federal employees under § 2000e-16(c). opinion →
Grogan v. American Brands, Inc., the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction while deciding class certification and intervention under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. opinion →
Shannon v. United States Department of Housing & Urban Development, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an example of express authorization for attorney fees while deciding whether fees are available under the Fair Housing Act. opinion →
Cathey v. Johnson Motor Lines, Inc., the court states only that the plaintiffs complied with Title VII procedures while entering findings on discriminatory employment practices. opinion →
Brown v. Rollins, Inc., the court recites compliance with Section 706 as a jurisdictional finding without construing its requirements. opinion →
St. John v. GW Murphy Industries, Inc., the court states that the plaintiff met Title VII procedures as a jurisdictional finding without analyzing this section. opinion →
Papadopoulos v. Sheraton Park Hotel, the parties agreed to dismiss a Title VII count for failure to meet administrative prerequisites; the court did not analyze the section. opinion →
Lewis v. Cohen, the court cites Title VII’s remedial power as a comparison while resolving a claim under a railroad retirement statute. opinion →
Miller v. Poretsky, the court cites § 2000e-5 while discussing the Supreme Court’s decision in Johnson, rather than deciding a rule under that section itself. opinion →
Nguyen Da Yen v. Kissinger, the court quotes another decision’s reference to Title VII’s cost and fee provisions while deciding class certification under Rule 23. opinion →
Clarence WEAHKEE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. John H. POWELL, Jr., Chairman of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Et A, the court relies on § 2000e-16(d) to decide the review route for federal employees, using § 2000e-5 only as an incorporated procedure. opinion →
League of United Latin American Citizens v. City of Santa Ana, the court cites the section only as the basis for jurisdiction and venue over the Title VII claim. opinion →
Gearhart v. State of Oregon, the court cites § 2000e-5(f)(3) as its basis for jurisdiction and decides the employee exemption under a different section. opinion →
Smith v. Dutra Trucking Company, the court cites § 2000e-5 while recounting another court’s reasoning about who may bring a Title VII claim. opinion →
Sagers v. Yellow Freight System, Inc. v. Truck Drivers and Helpers, Local Union No. 728, the court quotes § 2000e-5(k)'s attorney’s fee provision in a footnote without deciding what it means or how it applies. opinion →
Kaye v. Burns, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as a comparison when interpreting the Freedom of Information Act’s attorney-fee provision. opinion →
Murphy v. American Motors Sales Corp., the court describes Title VII’s equitable remedies as a comparison while deciding remedies under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. opinion →
Bartulica, Md v. Paculdo, Md, the court cites the section while recounting the defendant’s argument for removing a state defamation action. opinion →
Johnson v. City of Albany, Ga., the court only states that the plaintiffs complied with statutory prerequisites while resolving their discrimination claims. opinion →
Julian PACHECO, Jr., Plaintiff-Appellant, v. PHELPS DODGE REFINING CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, the court affirmed dismissal for want of prosecution and cited the section’s 90-day deadline only to express doubt about jurisdiction. opinion →
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Pacific Press Publishing Ass'n, the opinion discusses the section only in Judge Sneed’s dissent. opinion →
Loomis Electronics Protection, Inc. v. Schaefer, the court compares Title VII remedies with Alaska’s civil rights law while deciding the right to a jury trial under state law. opinion →
Chance v. Board of Examiners, a dissenting footnote cites the section to compare equitable remedies, while the court's rehearing decision orders constructive seniority without deciding the section's rules. opinion →
Bertsch v. Ford Motor Co., the court uses § 2000e-5(c) as an analogy while deciding the state agency requirement under the ADEA. opinion →
Allen v. Amalgamated Transit Union, Local 788, the court finds Title VII prerequisites satisfied while deciding a seniority dispute; it does not construe this section. opinion →
Brown v. General Services Administration, the Court mentions the section as part of the federal employee enforcement scheme while deciding that § 2000e-16 provides the exclusive judicial remedy. opinion →
Chandler v. Roudebush, the Court uses private-sector Title VII procedure as a comparison while deciding federal employees’ trial rights under § 2000e-16. opinion →
United States of America Ex Rel. Melvin Sanders 75551-158 v. Floyd E. Arnold, Warden, the dissent cites the section as an example of statutory exhaustion while the court decides whether a federal prisoner exhausted remedies before seeking habeas relief. opinion →
Rodgers v. United States Steel Corporation, the court identifies § 2000e-5(b) as a privilege the government asserted but resolves the protective-order dispute under the First Amendment without deciding whether the privilege applies. opinion →
Rodgers v. United States Steel Corp., the court mentions § 2000e-5(b) as a privilege asserted by the government but resolves the protective-order dispute under the First Amendment without deciding whether the privilege applies. opinion →
Calcote v. Texas Educational Foundation, Inc., the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction and decides the discrimination claims under § 2000e-2. opinion →
Runyon v. McCrary, the dissent mentions the section only while recounting the question presented in an earlier case about the limitations period for a § 1981 action. opinion →
McDonald v. Santa Fe Trail Transportation Co., the court cites the section in connection with an EEOC filing deadline that it says is not before it for review. opinion →
Hotel, Motel, Restaurant, Construction Camp Employees & Bartenders Union Local 879 v. Thomas, the court cites the section while comparing federal and Alaska enforcement powers, then decides the scope of the Alaska statute. opinion →
State Commission on Human Relations v. Amecom Division of Litton Systems, Inc., the court cites § 2000e-5(c) to explain the referral of the complaint to the Maryland commission, while deciding the prospective application of Maryland law. opinion →
Oringel v. Mathews, the court cites § 2000e-5 as a comparison while deciding federal employees’ right to a trial de novo under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Oringel v. Mathews, the court cites the section as a comparison while deciding a federal employee’s right to a trial de novo under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Mitchell v. National Broadcasting Co., the court cites § 2000e-5(c) to explain the prior state proceedings while deciding whether those proceedings bar a separate § 1981 action. opinion →
Gabriele v. Chrysler Corp., the court uses § 2000e-5(c) as a parallel to the ADEA’s state filing rule but decides the case under the ADEA. opinion →
Lambert v. David R. Conrad and Martha Carlson, the court mentions the section only while recounting the district judge’s ruling in the earlier action. opinion →
Reynolds Metals Co. v. Rumsfeld, the court cites the section to describe the EEOC’s general enforcement authority while addressing interagency information sharing. opinion →
Kramer v. Board of Education, the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction while deciding whether Title VII covered the defendants at the time of the alleged discrimination. opinion →
Capaci v. Katz & Besthoff, Inc., the court cites the section as a basis for the suit while deciding class certification under Rule 23. opinion →
Perkins v. New Orleans Athletic Club, the court cites the section’s standing language and fee provision while deciding standing and attorney’s fees for claims under Title II. opinion →
Stewart v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the court used § 2000e-5(b)’s timing language to define the class but reserved whether the EEOC violated it for the merits. opinion →
Robert Y. MORITA, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PERMA-NENTE MEDICAL GROUP, Defendant-Appellee, the court cites the section while deciding whether the plaintiff proved discriminatory denial of promotion under Title VII’s substantive rule. opinion →
Anne M. DARTT, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. SHELL OIL COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee, the court uses Title VII’s filing deadline as an analogy while deciding whether the ADEA’s notice deadline can be tolled. opinion →
Boyd v. Ozark Air Lines, Inc., the court cites the section as its basis for jurisdiction while deciding the Title VII discrimination claim. opinion →
Usery v. BOARD OF PUBLIC ED., SCHOOL DISTRICT OF PITTSBURGH, the court cites the section only while describing a Title VII claim in another case; it decides intervention under the Fair Labor Standards Act. opinion →
Bertrand v. Orkin Exterminating Co., Inc., the court cites Title VII’s state-proceedings rule as an analogy while deciding a separate requirement under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. opinion →
Halder v. Avis Rent-A-Car System, Inc., the court cites subsection (g) as the source of requested relief but applies the general preliminary-injunction standard. opinion →
Lunsford v. United States, the court discusses Title VII exhaustion cases only to distinguish them from the Federal Tort Claims Act claim it decides. opinion →
Wagner v. Long Island University, the court cites § 2000e-5(f)(3) as a basis for the action and grants a preliminary injunction under its equity powers without deciding the subsection’s rules. opinion →
EQUAL EMP. OPP. COM'N v. American Tel. & Tel. Co., the court recounts an earlier intervention ruling under subsection (f)(1) and cites subsection (g) while discussing remedies for the consent decree. opinion →
Dr. Joy HOCHSTADT, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. WORCESTER FOUNDATION FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY Et Al., Defendants-Appellees, the court describes the section’s enforcement procedures but expressly declines to decide whether a private party may obtain preliminary relief before EEOC action. opinion →
Silverstein v. Sisters of Charity of Leavenworth, the court cites the section as an example of an express attorney's fee provision while denying fees under separate disability laws. opinion →
Brown v. American Enka Corp., the court cites the section as a basis for subject matter jurisdiction without deciding any of its rules. opinion →
Jackson v. Nassau County Civil Service Commission, the court cites the section only as a basis for jurisdiction. opinion →
JBG Properties, Inc. v. District of Columbia Office of Human Rights, the court cites the federal section as an analogy while deciding the timing requirements of District of Columbia regulations. opinion →
Clark v. Wright & Lopez, Inc., the court cited the section while allowing the plaintiff 15 days to show why the action should not be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. opinion →
Cleo CALAGE, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE Et Al., Defendants-Appellees, the court cites the section only in its opening reference to Title VII, then decides whether the trial judge properly reopened the evidence and whether his factual findings were clearly erroneous. opinion →
Bournewood Hosp. v. MASS COMM'N AGAINST DISCRIMINATION, the court cites subsection (k) as an example of federal attorney's fee awards while deciding the fee issue under Massachusetts law. opinion →
Morpurgo v. Bd. of Higher Ed. in City of New York, the court cites the section in a footnote while commenting that an earlier proceeding may bar some Title VII claims. opinion →
Mieth v. Dothard, the court cites the section only as a basis for jurisdiction. opinion →
Piascik v. Cleveland Museum of Art, the court invokes the section for jurisdiction and mentions its remedies while deciding whether a separate statute permits a private action. opinion →
14 Fair empl.prac.cas. 65, 13 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 11,286 Hubert Morelock v. The Ncr Corporation, the court uses Title VII’s enforcement provision as an analogy when deciding whether an ADEA claim is triable by jury. opinion →
Platt v. Burroughs Corp., the court cites § 2000e-5(e) as an analogy while deciding notice and limitations issues under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. opinion →
Bonham v. Dresser Industries, Inc., the court mentions the section only while recounting an argument made in another age discrimination case. opinion →
14 Fair empl.prac.cas. 235, 13 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 11,285 Miriam Conyers Roman v. Esb, Incorporated, the court cites subsection (g) when discussing relief beyond the named plaintiffs but expressly declines to decide that issue. opinion →
Adams v. Bailar, the court mentioned the section’s private-sector filing period only as a comparison while deciding whether a federal employee’s complaint was timely. opinion →
Yott v. North American Rockwell Corp., the court cites § 2000e-5 to describe Title VII’s enforcement scheme while deciding whether § 2000e(j) is constitutional. opinion →
14 Fair empl.prac.cas. 921, 13 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 11,409 Howard E. Bunch v. United States of America, the court cites a prior interpretation of § 2000e-5(b) as an analogy while deciding an ADEA issue. opinion →
Jeffries v. Harris County Community Action Ass'n, the court cites the section only as the basis for its jurisdiction. opinion →
Meyer v. Frank, the court cites the section while describing the Supreme Court's ruling on tolling a § 1981 claim, then decides tolling for Meyer's § 1983 claim. opinion →
Renfro v. Office & Professional Employers International Union, Local 277, the court cites § 2000e-5 as a basis for Renfro’s suit but decides whether Local 277 qualifies as a labor organization under other Title VII provisions. opinion →
Serghini v. City of Richmond, the court cites the section only as an alleged basis for jurisdiction and decides an exhaustion issue under a different law. opinion →
Trapp v. United States of America, United States Civil Service Commission, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an example of express authority for attorney’s fees while deciding whether a civil service board could award fees under 5 U.S.C. § 7701. opinion →
Frances P. PONS, Appellant, v. LORILLARD, a Division of Loew’s Theatres, Inc., Appellee, the court cites the section while distinguishing Title VII jury trial cases from its ruling on jury trials for Age Act lost-wages claims. opinion →
Magana v. Platzer Shipyard, Inc., the court cited the Title VII attorney’s fee provision but based its review of the proposed fee on Rule 23(e) without deciding whether the provision applied. opinion →
Hannon v. Continental National Bank, the court uses Title VII's enforcement provisions as an analogy while deciding remedies and jury trial rights under the ADEA. opinion →
Anderson v. General Dynamics Convair Aerospace Division, the court cites the section only as a basis for jurisdiction and decides the religious accommodation claim under other Title VII provisions. opinion →
Rogers v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the opinion quotes another court’s reference to § 2000e-5(a) while deciding Rogers’s entitlement to relief under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Haines v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance, the court mentions § 2000e-5(g) while describing a Supreme Court comparison of Title VII back pay with Title VIII damages in an insurance coverage dispute. opinion →
Sisneros v. Woodward Governor Co., the court construed Colorado's complaint-filing statute; section 2000e-5 appears only in the dissent's comparison with federal law. opinion →
Bernasconi v. Tempe Elementary School District No. 3, the opinion cites the section as a basis for the action while deciding the First Amendment retaliation claim. opinion →
Martin v. Easton Publishing Co., the court cites the section as a basis for jurisdiction and decides class certification under Rule 23. opinion →
Renfro v. Office, the court cites the section as a basis for Renfro’s suit but decides jurisdiction under Title VII’s definitions of employer and labor organization. opinion →
14 Fair empl.prac.cas. 798, 13 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 11,544 E. J. Laurel v. United States of America, the court cites § 2000e-5 to describe private sector employees’ trial rights while deciding Laurel’s remedy under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Eastland v. Tennessee Valley Authority, the court uses § 2000e-5 as a private-sector analogy while deciding the filing deadline under § 2000e-16(c). opinion →
Cruz v. Beto, the court cites the section as a comparison while awarding fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988. opinion →
Jarrell v. Eastern Air Lines, Inc., the court cites the section only as the basis for its jurisdiction. opinion →
Milton v. Bell Laboratories, Inc., the court cites the section only as a basis for subject matter jurisdiction. opinion →
Locascio v. Teletype Corp., the court uses Title VII’s notice requirement as an analogy while deciding an ADEA notice issue. opinion →
Looney v. Commercial Union Assurance Companies, the court cites § 2000e-5(g) to compare Title VII’s remedies with the ADEA while deciding which remedies the ADEA allows. opinion →
Canavan v. Beneficial Finance Corp., the court discusses the section to illustrate possible jurisdictional issues, but decides only that the plaintiff should have been allowed discovery before dismissal. opinion →
Canavan v. Beneficial Finance Corp., the court discussed possible applications of the section but decided only that the plaintiff should have been allowed discovery before dismissal. opinion →
State Commission on Human Relations v. Mayor of Baltimore, the court mentions the section only to explain how the complaints reached the Maryland commission; it decides the commission’s authority under Maryland law. opinion →
Peterson v. Albert M. Bender Co., the court notes Bender’s argument about the filing period under the section but finds the date calculation immaterial to its denial of class certification. opinion →
Huntley v. Department of Health, the court cites the section as authority for possible attorneys' fees while leaving the fee claim for the trial court to decide. opinion →
Jackson v. Armstrong School District, the court cites the section as the basis for jurisdiction while deciding the discrimination claim under a different Title VII provision. opinion →
Hall v. United States, the court cites § 2000e-5 in a footnote comparing Title VII procedures while deciding an ADEA employee’s right to a trial de novo. opinion →
Goff v. Texas Instruments Inc., the court cites § 2000e-5(k) while describing another case and decides attorney’s fees under Public Law 94-559. opinion →
Bernasconi v. Tempe Elementary School District No. 3, the court cites the section to identify the basis for the action and federal jurisdiction, without deciding any of its rules. opinion →
Robert FLOWERS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. CROUCH-WALKER CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, the court cites the section while describing its ruling in an earlier appeal about assigning the case to a magistrate. opinion →
Gurmankin v. Costanzo, the court cites § 2000e-5(g) as an analogy when upholding retroactive seniority relief for a due process violation. opinion →
Prate v. Freedman, the court cites the section as authority for a possible attorney fee award and schedules a hearing on the fee application. opinion →
Peper v. Princeton University Bd. of Trustees, the court reports the trial court’s ruling on the federal filing deadline but decides the appeal under state law. opinion →
Williams v. Phil Rich Fan Manufacturing Co., the court mentions § 2000e-5 in describing the conceded untimeliness of the Title VII claim and venue, while deciding whether the limitations rule for a § 1981 claim applies retroactively. opinion →
Williams v. Phil Rich Fan Manufacturing Co., the court mentions the section’s venue conditions while deciding whether a limitations rule for § 1981 claims applies retroactively. opinion →
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Mead Foods, Inc., the opinion invokes the section as authority for the EEOC suit and recites that its prerequisites were met, while deciding whether the employer discriminated. opinion →
Capers v. Long Island Railroad, the court denies injunctive relief because the employee failed to show discrimination or retaliation under other Title VII provisions. opinion →
Novotny v. Great American Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n, the court recites the employee’s EEOC filing history while deciding his separate civil-rights conspiracy claim. opinion →
Bell v. Harold Brown, Secretary, Department of Defense, the court cites § 2000e-5 while deciding when the filing period under § 2000e-16(c) begins. opinion →
Eastland v. Tennessee Valley Authority, the court uses the private sector filing deadline in this section as an analogy when deciding the deadline for federal employees under § 2000e-16(c). opinion →
International Brotherhood of Teamsters v. United States, the dissent cites § 2000e-5(a) as legislative-history support for its view of seniority systems under § 703(h). opinion →
Chrapliwy v. Uniroyal, Inc., the court cites the section as its basis for jurisdiction and mentions its filing period in background, without deciding either rule. opinion →
Kulkarni v. Nyquist, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an analogous attorney’s fee provision while deciding a fee award under § 1988. opinion →
Clark v. Francis R. Valeo, Secretary of the United States Senate, the dissent cites the section by analogy while arguing for standing under the Federal Election Campaign Act. opinion →
Shannon v. United States Department of Housing & Urban Development, the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an example of an express waiver of sovereign immunity while deciding whether the separate Fees Awards Act permits attorney’s fees against the United States. opinion →
Wehr v. Burroughs Corp., the court cites the section while recounting another court’s comparison of Title VII and ADEA remedies in deciding an ADEA jury-trial request. opinion →
Croker v. Boeing Co.(Vertol Div.), the court cites the section only as a basis for jurisdiction over the action. opinion →
Wilson v. Allied Chemical Corp., the opinion cites the section as an alleged basis for jurisdiction while deciding a discovery motion. opinion →
Beazer v. New York City Transit Authority, the court mentions § 2000e-5(k) as the plaintiffs' original basis for seeking fees but decides the fee award under § 1988. opinion →
Beazer v. New York City Transit Authority, the court mentions § 2000e-5(k) as the fee provision invoked below, then decides the fee award under § 1988 without reaching the Title VII issues. opinion →
Dothard v. Rawlinson, the opinion cites § 2000e-5(f) in a footnote without deciding its enforcement rules. opinion →
Coates v. National Cash Register Co., the court cites the section’s back pay rule as an analogy when deciding whether ADEA plaintiffs must mitigate their damages. opinion →
Michael Meyers, Individually and as Representative of a Class v. Pennypack Woods Home Ownership Association and Marion A, the court cites the section while discussing the limitations period for a section 1982 claim. opinion →
Chappelle v. E. I. DuPont DeNemours & Co., the court cites the section as an alleged basis for jurisdiction while deciding class certification under Rule 23. opinion →
Carolyn HUCKEBY, Plaintiff, v. FROZEN FOOD EXPRESS, Defendant-Appellee, v. Alice BOBO, Intervenor-Appellant, the court mentions the section’s 90-day filing period as background and dismisses the appeal for lack of appellate jurisdiction. opinion →
Walton v. Eaton Corp., the opinion reproduces an earlier panel decision that discusses subsection (g) while addressing a jury demand based on a separate § 1981 claim. opinion →
Paxton v. Lanvin-Charles of the Ritz, Inc., the court uses § 2000e-5(e) as an analogy while deciding the filing deadline under 29 U.S.C. § 626(d). opinion →
McArthur v. Southern Airways, Inc., the court mentions the section’s filing deadline and attorney’s fees provision but decides the appeal under Rules 15 and 23. opinion →
Stein v. Mutuel Clerks' Guild of Massachusetts, Inc., the court cites the section only as a comparison while deciding whether an LMRDA claim requires exhaustion of state remedies. opinion →
Buckton v. National Collegiate Athletic Assn., the court cites § 2000e-5(k) as an example of a fee provision while awarding fees under § 1988. opinion →
17 Fair empl.prac.cas. 528, 14 Empl. Prac. Dec. P 7813 Eddie Stallworth v. Monsanto Company v. J. W. Palmer, Movants-App, the opinion mentions § 2000e-5(g) as the intervenors’ argument about the scope of relief, while the court decides whether their requests to intervene were timely under Rule 24. opinion →
Women's Committee for Equal Employment Opportunity v. National Broadcasting Co., the court cites the section when recounting its earlier grant of EEOC intervention and decides whether to approve the settlement under Rule 23(e). opinion →
Harriss v. Pan American World Airways, Inc., the court cites the section as its basis for jurisdiction and describes the plaintiffs’ filing history while deciding liability under § 2000e-2. opinion →
United States v. University of Maryland, the opinion cites the section only to describe the EEOC’s referral of the matter to the Attorney General. opinion →
Zarcone v. Perry, the court cites Title VII’s fee provision as an analogy while deciding an attorney’s fee motion under § 1988. opinion →
White v. Carolina Paperboard Corp., the opinion cites the section in a footnote but decides whether the company discriminated in employees’ job duties and pay. opinion →
Mowdy v. Ada Board of Education, the court uses Title VII back pay as an analogy while deciding whether a Veterans Reemployment Rights Act claim is triable to a jury. opinion →
Postemski v. Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, the court cites § 2000e-5 as an analogy while denying a jury trial under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act. opinion →
Women in City Government United v. City of New York, the court cites § 2000e-5(f)(3) only as a basis for jurisdiction over the federal claims. opinion →
Women in City Government United v. City of New York, the court cites the section only as a basis for jurisdiction over the federal claims. opinion →
Vendo Co. v. Lektro-Vend Corp., the opinion mentions the section only in a list of statutes catalogued by the petitioner. opinion →
Hubbard v. Rubbermaid, Inc., the court notes that the plaintiff met the filing requirements but gives no interpretation of them. opinion →
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Motorola, Inc., the court leaves the EEOC action dependent on later proof of investigation and conciliation, so its ruling is conditional. opinion →
Winston v. Smithsonian Science Information Exchange, Inc., the court lists compliance with the section as a case-specific finding without deciding its requirements. opinion →
Eckroth v. Flasher Public School District No. 39, the court recites that a right-to-sue notice was given and discusses no rule governing notice. opinion →
McArthur v. Southern Airways, the court mentions Section 2000e-5 while describing filing deadlines and fee arguments, but decides the appeal under the class action rules. opinion →
United States v. Solomon, the court cites the section as an example of express authority for the Attorney General to sue while deciding whether he could bring a different civil rights suit. opinion →
Constructors Assoc. of Western PA. v. Kreps, the court quotes another court’s reference to § 2000e-5(g) while deciding whether a federal race-conscious program is constitutional. opinion →
Reynolds Metals Company v. Rumsfeld, the court cites the section to describe Title VII’s charge process while deciding whether an interagency complaint referral procedure complied with the Administrative Procedure Act. opinion →
Reynolds Metals Co. v. Rumsfeld, the court describes Title VII's administrative process while upholding an interagency referral rule, and expressly leaves the section's filing deadline issue undecided. opinion →
Walker v. World Tire Corporation, the court cites the section to explain why the appellant conceded that his Title VII claims were no longer in the case. opinion →
Walker v. World Tire Corp., the court cites the section to explain why the conceded Title VII issues were no longer in the case. opinion →
Willie Lee BURNS, Appellant, v. UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD, Appellee, the court cites § 2000e-5 in footnotes about Title VII procedure while deciding whether the plaintiff’s § 1981 claim was timely. opinion →
Griffin v. First Pennsylvania Bank, N.A., the court cites Title VII’s filing provision as an analogy while deciding whether the ADEA’s filing deadline can be equitably tolled. opinion →
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Colby College, the court cites the section as an asserted basis for jurisdiction while deciding whether the benefit plans violate Title VII’s substantive discrimination rules. opinion →
Mahroom v. Colonel John Hook, the court uses § 2000e-5 as a comparison while deciding the procedure for a federal employment suit under § 2000e-16. opinion →
Mahroom v. Hook, the court cites § 2000e-5 as a comparison when deciding the procedure for federal employment suits under § 2000e-16(c). opinion →
Spencer v. Roudebush, the court cites § 2000e-5 only to compare private sector rules with the federal employee filing deadline it decides. opinion →
Mattye Faye FAULKNER, Appellant, v. FEDERATION OF PRESCHOOL AND COMMUNITY EDUCATION CENTERS, INC., Appellee, the court cites the section as the basis for district court jurisdiction while deciding Title VII coverage under a different section. opinion →
Decker v. Bd. of Education of City of Elizabeth, the court cites § 2000e-5(e) as an analogy while deciding the filing deadline under New Jersey law. opinion →
Marshall v. Chamberlain Manufacturing Corp., the court compares § 2000e-5(c) with the ADEA while deciding whether the ADEA’s state agency requirement applies to suits brought by the Secretary. opinion →
Coats v. Commissioner, the court cites the section to identify the Title VII suit and decides whether its settlement proceeds are taxable income. opinion →
Susan H. BANKS, Appellant, v. HEUN-NORWOOD, a Division of Mogul Corporation, Appellee, the court cites the section to explain that the EEOC could have brought its own action, while deciding whether to grant relief the EEOC first requested on appeal. opinion →
Taylor v. Franklin Drapery Co., Inc., the court cites the section as one basis for subject matter jurisdiction. opinion →
Bald v. ALASCOM, the court describes Title VII state deferral only as a comparison while deciding whether federal labor law preempts Alaska employment discrimination law. opinion →
Mental Patient Civil Liberties Project v. Hospital Staff Civil Rights Committee, the court cites the section while discussing Fitzpatrick, then decides whether the Attorney’s Fees Act permits a fee award against the state. opinion →
Ellis v. Philippine Airlines, the court cites Title VII’s enforcement provision to distinguish it from the ADEA while deciding whether an ADEA plaintiff has a right to a jury trial. opinion →
Molthan v. TEMPLE UNIVERSITY-OF COM. SYSTEM, ETC., the court cites the section only as a basis for jurisdiction. opinion →
Plummer v. Chicago Journeyman Plumbers' Local Union No. 130, the court cites the section only as a basis for its jurisdiction while deciding discovery issues under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. opinion →
Molthan v. Temple University of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education, the court cites the section only as a basis for jurisdiction. opinion →
Wright Farms Construction, Inc. v. Kreps, the court cites the section while surveying Title VII quota remedies as background for its discussion of affirmative action. opinion →
Ramona HOLLOWAY, Appellant, v. ARTHUR ANDERSEN AND COMPANY, Appellee, the opinion cites § 2000e-5(f) as a jurisdictional basis alleged in the complaint and decides the scope of § 2000e-2(a)(1). opinion →
RODRIGUEZ v. TAYLOR, the court cites Title VII’s back pay provision for comparison while deciding how to calculate back pay under the ADEA. opinion →
Rodriguez v. Taylor, the court cites Title VII’s interim-earnings provision as a comparison while deciding how to calculate back pay under the ADEA. opinion →
Howard v. Phelps, the court cites the section as an analogy while deciding whether to award interim attorney’s fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1988. opinion →
Enos v. Kaiser Industries Corp., the court cites § 2000e-5(b) to describe another court’s analogy while deciding the ADEA’s state filing requirement. opinion →
Herman T. DOVE, Appellant, v. CODESCO, Formerly Known as Washington Dental Supply Company, Appellee, the court cites the section to describe Dove’s timely filing, then decides whether dismissal for his attorney’s failure to attend a conference was an appropriate sanction. opinion →
…and 9,279 more.

Statutory history

(Pub. L. 88–352, title VII, §706, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 259; Pub. L. 92–261, §4, Mar. 24, 1972, 86 Stat. 104; Pub. L. 102–166, title I, §§107(b), 112, 113(b), Nov. 21, 1991, 105 Stat. 1075, 1078, 1079; Pub. L. 111–2, §3, Jan. 29, 2009, 123 Stat. 5.)

  • 2009—Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 111–2 added par. (3).
  • 1991—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–166, §112, designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).
  • Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–166, §107(b), designated existing provisions as pars. (1) and (2)(A) and added par. (2)(B).
  • Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 102–166, §113(b), inserted "(including expert fees)" after "attorney's fee".
  • 1972—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–261, §4(a), added subsec. (a). Former subsec. (a) redesignated (b) and amended generally.
  • Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92–261, §4(a), redesignated former subsec. (a) as (b), modified the procedure for the filing and consideration of charges by the Commission, subjected to coverage unlawful employment practices of joint labor-management committees controlling apprenticeship or other training or retraining, including on-the-job training programs, required the Commission to accord substantial weight to final findings and orders made by State or local authorities in proceedings commenced under State or local law in its determination of reasonable cause, and inserted provision setting forth the time period, after charges have been filed, allowed to the Commission to determine reasonable cause. Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c).
  • Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 92–261, §4(a), redesignated former subsecs. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), respectively. Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).
  • Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 92–261, §4(a), redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e), extended from ninety to one hundred and eighty days after the occurrence of the alleged unlawful employment practice the time for filing charges under this section and from two hundred and ten to three hundred days the time for filing such charges where the person aggrieved initially instituted proceedings with a State or local agency, and inserted requirement that notice of the charge be served on the respondent within ten days after filing. Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f)(1).
3 earlier amendment entries
  • Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 92–261, §4(a), redesignated former subsec. (e) as par. (1), substituted provisions setting forth the procedure for civil actions where the Commission was unable to secure from the respondents a conciliation agreement to prevent further unlawful employment practices for provisions setting forth the procedure for civil actions where the Commission was unable to obtain voluntary compliance with this subchapter and inserted provisions setting forth the procedure for civil action where the respondent is a government, governmental agency, or political subdivision and the Commission could not secure a conciliation agreement, added par. (2), redesignated former subsec. (f) as par. (3), substituted "aggrieved person" for "plaintiff", and added pars. (4) and (5).
  • Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 92–261, §4(a), inserted provisions which authorized the court to order affirmative action not limited solely to the enumerated affirmative acts and such other equitable relief as deemed appropriate, and provisions which set forth the accrual date for back pay.
  • Subsecs. (i), (j). Pub. L. 92–261, §4(b)(1), (2), substituted "this section" for "subsection (e) of this section".

Enactment and amendment notes are the official text of the United States Code, 2024 edition (laws through 2025-01-06), Office of the Law Revision Counsel, via govinfo.gov.

References in text

This Act, referred to in subsec. (f)(2), means Pub. L. 88–352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 241, known as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which is classified principally to subchapters II to IX of this chapter (§2000a et seq.). For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2000a of this title and Tables.

Rules 65 and 53 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, referred to in subsec. (f)(2), (5), are set out in the Appendix to Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Chapter 6 (§101 et seq.) of title 29, referred to in subsec. (h), is a reference to act Mar. 23, 1932, ch. 90, 47 Stat. 70, popularly known as the Norris-LaGuardia Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.

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