Federal Agency Decisions
Federal workers' compensation appeals from the Department of Labor's Employees' Compensation Appeals Board (ECAB), federal-sector labor-relations cases from the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), Longshore Act and Black Lung Benefits Act appeals from the Department of Labor's Benefits Review Board (BRB), precedent decisions of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB), and whistleblower and other labor appeals from the Department of Labor's Administrative Review Board (ARB), each with a plain-English summary, the law it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.
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M.V. and Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Administration
Board upholds denial of TSA officer’s hip injury claim (ECAB 24-0092)
A TSA officer reported hip pain after pushing a loaded water cart at work. Her physician diagnosed a right hip strain and generally related it to that incident. He did not explain the physiological process by which pushing the cart caused or contributed to the condition. The Board found the medical…
S.G. and U.S. Postal Service, Purchase Post Office
Board rejects claimed wage loss without medical link to accepted sprains (ECAB 23-1181)
A postal employee sought wage loss after an accepted shoulder injury from a falling shelf. Her physician listed several diagnoses, including conditions OWCP had not accepted, but did not explain why the accepted sprains prevented work during the claimed period. A checked box stating the condition…
T.H. and Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management
Board upholds denial of investigator’s back injury claim (ECAB 23-1142)
A Bureau of Land Management investigator reported back and leg symptoms after a duty workout involving kettlebells. One physician linked the condition chiefly to the timing of symptoms and later said lifting could have caused the disc injury. The Board found those opinions inadequately reasoned or…
D.W. and Department of Veterans Affairs, William Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center
Board upholds prior arm impairment awards for VA technician (ECAB 23-1046)
A VA pharmacy technician sought increased schedule awards for both arms after accepted carpal tunnel and right thumb conditions. Conflicting medical opinions prompted an impartial examination. The examiner found no ratable impairment from the accepted conditions on current examination, and the…
S.B. and U.S. Postal Service, International Service Center New York
Board orders fact review of withdrawn light duty assignment (ECAB 23-0999)
A postal mail handler claimed renewed disability after working in a modified position for an accepted back injury. He said the employer withdrew that assignment and placed him on standby duty that exceeded his restrictions. The record lacked the employer’s account of the assignment change. The…
T.S. and U.S. Postal Service, Freeport Post Office
Board upholds denial of carrier’s foot condition claim (ECAB 23-0772)
A postal carrier claimed plantar fasciitis and knee problems from walking and standing at work. Her physicians diagnosed conditions but did not explain how the specific accepted duties caused or aggravated them. The Board found the medical causation evidence insufficient. Her reconsideration…
Harrison B. McQueen v. Benham Coal Incorporated
McQueen v. Benham Coal (BRB 23-0008 BLA): black lung award and employer liability affirmed
Harrison McQueen sought black lung benefits after coal mine work that included security and general labor duties at underground mine sites. After his death, his daughter continued the claim. The Board upheld Benham Coal's designation as the responsible operator because it produced no evidence that…
Kreb v. Integra Aviation, LLC
Interlocutory appeal dismissed as moot
Robert Kreb sought interlocutory review of an administrative judge's rulings on adding parties and discovery in his AIR21 whistleblower case. The administrative judge later dismissed the complaint with prejudice, and Kreb filed a separate petition asking the Board to review that final dismissal and…
M.G. and U.S. Postal Service, Middletown Post Office
Board upholds forfeiture and fault finding for undisclosed work (ECAB 24-0154)
A postal carrier assistant pleaded guilty to making false statements to obtain FECA benefits after failing to disclose work activity on compensation forms. The Board upheld forfeiture for the covered period and found her at fault in the resulting overpayment, preventing waiver. It directed OWCP to…
J.S. and Department of Veterans Affairs, Wilmington VA Medical Center
Board reverses wage loss cutoff based on incomplete light duty offer (ECAB 24-0140)
A VA mechanic with an accepted back injury was offered temporary light duty. OWCP ended wage loss benefits after he did not accept it, but the employer’s written offer lacked his full mailing address and was never corrected and resent. The Board found that a supervisor’s discussion of the job did…
J.G. and Department of Justice, U.S. Marshals Service
Board denies increase above seven percent knee impairment (ECAB 24-0129)
A U.S. Marshals Service investigator sought more than the seven percent right leg impairment previously awarded for a knee injury. One treating rating did not identify the guide or calculation, and another used an outdated edition. OWCP’s second opinion used the required sixth edition and found a…
C.N. and U.S. Postal Service, Cleveland Post Office
Board upholds overpayment recovery despite worker’s lack of fault (ECAB 24-0034)
A postal worker received FECA wage loss benefits and Social Security retirement benefits attributable to federal service without the required offset. The Board upheld an $8,316.20 overpayment and agreed that she was without fault. She did not submit enough financial documentation to show that…
N.G. and Department of Veterans Affairs, James J. Peters VA Medical Center
Board upholds finding that nurse abandoned telephone hearing (ECAB 24-0031)
A VA nurse requested an oral hearing after OWCP denied continuation of pay. OWCP mailed notice of a scheduled telephone hearing to her address of record. She did not call in, seek postponement, or explain her absence within the required period. The Board applied the presumption that properly mailed…
D.F. and Department of the Navy, Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay
Board upholds termination of Navy worker’s wage and medical benefits (ECAB 23-1182)
A Navy worker received benefits for an accepted 1997 back injury. OWCP’s referral physician concluded that the accepted conditions had resolved and that current complaints lacked supporting objective findings. The Board found his reasoned opinion sufficient to end benefits. Later medical reports…
K.R. and U.S. Postal Service, Louisville Post Office
Board upholds foot injury denial without a definite diagnosis (ECAB 23-1164)
A postal carrier reported rolling her left foot while stepping off a curb at work. The medical record described pain and paresthesia, while a possible stress fracture was stated only speculatively. A physician assistant’s separate report did not meet FECA’s physician evidence requirement. The Board…
V.S. and U.S. Postal Service, Castaic Post Office
Board upholds injury denial without a diagnosed condition (ECAB 23-1050)
A postal carrier reported injuries after tripping over a pallet jack at work. The physician’s reports described pain and other symptoms but did not provide a firm medical diagnosis. Nurse practitioner reports and diagnostic studies did not resolve that gap under FECA’s evidence rules. The Board…
A.P. and U.S. Postal Service, River Rouge Station
Board declines to add right leg nerve condition to accepted claim (ECAB 24-0170)
A postal employee sought to expand a long standing injury claim to include right L5 radiculopathy. After earlier medical opinions conflicted, an impartial examiner reviewed updated facts, imaging, and an examination. He found no objective evidence supporting the claimed right L5 condition from the…
D.W. and U.S. Postal Service, Bellmawr Post Office
Board orders impartial review of carpal tunnel claim after dog attack (ECAB 24-0157)
A postal delivery worker was bitten on the left hand and wrist during a work related dog attack. Her treating physician linked later left carpal tunnel syndrome to the bite near the wrist. OWCP’s referral physician found no objective support for that condition. The Board found a medical conflict…
H.M. and Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service
Board upholds arm ratings but remands inconsistent schedule award pay rate (ECAB 24-0098)
An IRS employee sought higher impairment awards than 13 percent for each arm and disputed the pay rate used for his schedule awards. The Board found the medical evidence did not establish a higher impairment rating. OWCP had used two different weekly pay rates for awards arising from the same…
K.F. and U.S. Postal Service, Fort Mill Post Office
Board upholds refusal to reopen postal carrier’s injury claim (ECAB 24-0052)
A rural carrier sought to reopen a denied occupational injury claim. The unresolved issue was factual proof that the claimed injury occurred in the performance of duty. Her reconsideration request supplied medical evidence but no new relevant facts or legal argument addressing that issue. The Board…
G.K. and Department of Defense, Defense Logistics Agency
Board recognizes arthritis diagnoses and remands injury claim (ECAB 24-0012)
A Defense Logistics Agency worker claimed an injury during an accepted August 2022 work incident. A physician later diagnosed aggravation of arthritis in her right knee and shoulder, with support from diagnostic studies. The Board found diagnosed conditions established, contrary to OWCP’s ruling…
A.B. and Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Bandelier National Monument
Board upholds refusal to reopen park worker’s injury claim (ECAB 23-0919)
A National Park Service trainee sought reconsideration of a claim arising from a fall on a work trail. The underlying denial concerned medical causation. A new physician assistant report did not qualify as a physician’s causal opinion under FECA, and a diagnostic study duplicated evidence already…
J.B. and Department of Veterans Affairs, Carl Vinson VA Medical Center
Board reverses unproved retirement overpayment but denies extra treatment hours (ECAB 22-1301)
A VA nursing assistant elected federal retirement benefits while OWCP continued wage loss payments. OWCP declared an overpayment, but the record did not show that she actually received retirement payments during the same period. The Board reversed that finding because an election alone did not…
Robert D. Human v. Allied Coals Corporation
Human v. Allied Coals (BRB 23-0198 BLA): benefits entitlement affirmed, operator issue remanded
Robert Human sought black lung benefits after 6.29 years of coal mine work. The judge found that coal dust contributed to his disabling lung disease and named Allied Coals responsible for payment. The Board upheld the benefits finding because the judge reasonably credited a doctor who linked…
D.E. and U.S. Postal Service, Nanticoke Post Office
Board dismisses postal worker’s late appeal (ECAB 24-0384)
A postal worker appealed a July 14, 2023 OWCP decision on February 27, 2024. The Board’s 180 day deadline expired on January 10, 2024. The worker gave no supported explanation establishing compelling circumstances for the delay. The Board dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction without…
C.P. and U.S. Postal Service, Bedford Park Post Office
Board dismisses untimely postal appeal (ECAB 24-0379)
A postal worker appealed an August 23, 2023 OWCP decision on February 26, 2024. The Board calculated that the 180-day appeal period ended on February 19, 2024. Because the appeal was filed after that deadline and the appellant did not show compelling circumstances, the Board found that it lacked…
V.M. and U.S. Postal Service, Englewood Post Office Annex
Board upholds suspension of postal worker's wage loss benefits (ECAB 24-0151)
A postal worker receiving wage loss compensation was asked to complete Form EN-1032, which reports earnings, employment, volunteer work, and other information. OWCP warned that benefits would be suspended if he did not return the form within 30 days. He did not submit it, so OWCP suspended his…
M.K. and U.S. Postal Service, Dallas Post Office
Board upholds end of postal worker's injury benefits (ECAB 24-0135)
A rural postal carrier received compensation after a 2019 vehicle accident at work. OWCP ended her wage loss and medical benefits based on a second opinion that her accepted conditions had resolved. The Board found that opinion sufficiently reasoned to support termination. It also found that later…
A.S. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Oklahoma City
Board upholds denial of late reconsideration request (ECAB 24-0104)
A postal worker asked OWCP in July 2023 to reconsider a January 2022 decision about compensation for missed work after an accepted back injury. OWCP denied the request because it arrived after the one-year filing period. The Board found that the additional work restriction reports did not show…
H.P. and U.S. Postal Service, Washington Post Office
Board keeps knee impairment award and upholds hearing abandonment (ECAB 24-0037)
A postal letter carrier sought a larger schedule award after an accepted right knee injury. The Board found that OWCP's medical adviser adequately calculated two percent permanent impairment of the right leg and that the record did not establish a higher rating. The carrier also missed a scheduled…
K.S. and U.S. Postal Service, Connellsville Post Office
Board upholds end of wage loss benefits after light duty offer (ECAB 23-0878)
A postal worker received wage loss benefits after an accepted right ankle injury. Her employer offered temporary light duty and OWCP arranged transportation. The Board found that the offered duties fit the restrictions in an updated medical opinion and that the offer remained available. It affirmed…
Carl Noble v. Cumberland River Coal Company
Noble v. Cumberland River Coal (BRB 23-0300 BLA): award affirmed after reassigned hearing
Carl Noble sought black lung benefits after twenty-three years of qualifying coal mine work. An earlier award had been vacated because the first judge was not properly appointed; a different judge held a new hearing and awarded benefits. The employer challenged that award, arguing its doctor's…
Howard T. Cordle v. Apple Jacks Coal Company Incorporated
Cordle v. Apple Jacks Coal (BRB 23-0234 BLA): denial remanded under presumption burden
Howard Cordle sought black lung benefits after at least fifteen years of underground coal mine work. The judge found him totally disabled, which invoked the presumption that his disability was due to pneumoconiosis, but denied benefits after finding the employer rebutted it. The Board upheld the…
Hershell L. Robbins v. Warrior Met Coal Mining, LLC
Robbins v. Warrior Met Coal (BRB 23-0209 BLA): disability finding and award affirmed
Hershell Robbins sought black lung benefits after 30.9 years of underground coal mine work. The judge found that he could not perform the heavy work of a shuttle car operator because of a disabling respiratory impairment. The Board upheld her decision to credit a doctor who explained how low blood…
Larry L. Bowman v. Har Lee Coal Company, Incorporated
Bowman v. Har Lee Coal (BRB 23-0201 BLA): complicated pneumoconiosis award affirmed
Larry Bowman sought black lung benefits after at least twenty years of underground coal mine work. The judge found that x-rays and a CT scan supported a diagnosis of complicated pneumoconiosis, invoking an irrebuttable presumption of disability due to the disease. The Board held that the judge…
Jerry Johnson v. National Mines Corporation
Johnson v. National Mines (BRB 23-0009 BLA): black lung denial affirmed
Jerry Johnson appealed a judge's denial of his black lung claim without a lawyer. The Board upheld the judge's finding that he had 12.43 years of coal mine work, short of the fifteen years needed for a rebuttable presumption. It also found no evidence of complicated pneumoconiosis for the separate…
S.P. and Department of the Air Force, 349th Aircraft Maintenance Squadron
Board dismisses late Air Force worker appeal (ECAB 24-0423)
An Air Force employee appealed a December 12, 2022 OWCP decision on March 13, 2024. The Board calculated that the 180-day period for appeal ended on June 10, 2023. The appellant did not explain the late filing with documentation establishing compelling circumstances. The Board dismissed the appeal…
M.M. and Department of the Air Force, Lackland Air Force Base
Board dismisses late air force worker appeal (ECAB 24-0412)
A Air Force worker appealed an June 7, 2023 OWCP decision on March 8, 2024. The Board calculated that the 180-day period ended on December 4, 2023. The appellant did not document compelling circumstances for filing after that date. The Board dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction without…
E.M. and Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Border Patrol
Board dismisses late border patrol worker appeal (ECAB 24-0392)
A Border Patrol worker appealed an September 19, 2022 OWCP decision on February 28, 2024. The Board calculated that the 180-day period ended on March 18, 2023. The appellant did not document compelling circumstances for filing after that date. The Board dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction…
K.T. and Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs
Board dismisses late bureau of indian affairs worker appeal (ECAB 24-0391)
A Bureau of Indian Affairs worker appealed an August 2, 2023 OWCP decision on February 28, 2024. The Board calculated that the 180-day period ended on January 29, 2024. The appellant did not document compelling circumstances for filing after that date. The Board dismissed the appeal for lack of…
M.Y. and Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Administration
Board dismisses late tsa worker appeal (ECAB 24-0360)
A TSA worker appealed an June 29, 2022 OWCP decision on February 21, 2024. The Board calculated that the 180-day period ended on December 26, 2022. The appellant did not document compelling circumstances for filing after that date. The Board dismissed the appeal for lack of jurisdiction without…
J.C. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Deptford
Board orders new examination for postal worker's hip claim (ECAB 23-0292)
A postal letter carrier claimed that years of walking and other job duties aggravated osteoarthritis in his right hip. OWCP denied the claim after an impartial examiner concluded that the work did not cause or aggravate the condition. The Board found that the examiner relied on general statements…
A.B. and U.S. Postal Service, Hillsboro Post Office
Board orders review of postal worker's injury filing date (ECAB 23-0288)
A postal rural carrier sought continuation of pay after a vehicle accident at work. OWCP denied it because the injury claim appeared to have been filed more than 30 days after the accident. The Board found conflicting evidence: an electronic filing record suggested the worker filed within 30 days…
D.S. and U.S. Postal Service, South Macon Post Office
Board reverses postal worker's wage loss termination (ECAB 22-0066)
A postal rural carrier received wage loss compensation after an accepted back and shoulder injury. OWCP ended those payments based on earnings she could have made in a temporary light duty job. The Board found an unresolved conflict between two physicians about her limits on lifting, pushing, and…
Kenvil United Corp., dba Kenvil Steel, Inc.
Steel-erection fall citation vacated
Kenvil Steel erected structural steel for a municipal-building project in Belle Mead, New Jersey. An OSHA compliance officer observed four employees working 15 to 30 feet above the ground and issued a repeat-serious fall-protection citation with a proposed $30,037 penalty. The judge found that one…
United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, Federal Correctional Complex Victorville, California and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 3969, Council of Prison Locals 33
Federal Correctional Complex Victorville and AFGE Local 3969 (FLRA 0-AR-5894): Authority upholds 19 overtime awards
Federal Correctional Complex Victorville temporarily placed an officer with heightened COVID-19 health risk in patrol work that remained eligible for overtime. The union alleged that managers repeatedly skipped him for assignments and inaccurately documented whether he was qualified or had…
Godfrey Kikonyogo v. Triple Canopy, Inc.; Boneventure Kajumbi v. Constellis Group
Kikonyogo and Kajumbi (BRB 24-0077 and 24-0085): medical examination appeals dismissed
Godfrey Kikonyogo and Boneventure Kajumbi filed separate Defense Base Act claims for alleged psychological injuries from overseas work. Their employers scheduled psychological examinations in Uganda with experts licensed in the United States, and the claimants objected because the experts lacked…
Godfrey Kikonyogo v. Triple Canopy, Inc.; Boneventure Kajumbi v. Constellis Group
Kikonyogo and Kajumbi (BRB 24-0077 and 24-0085): medical examination appeals dismissed
Godfrey Kikonyogo and Boneventure Kajumbi filed separate Defense Base Act claims for alleged psychological injuries from overseas work. Their employers scheduled psychological examinations in Uganda with experts licensed in the United States, and the claimants objected because the experts lacked…
Gezim Shabani v. PAE Holding Risk Management Office
Shabani v. PAE Holding Risk Management Office (BRB 23-0055): medical care claim remanded
Gezim Shabani worked as a firefighter in Iraq under a contract covered by the Defense Base Act. He reported anxiety and nightmares after a rocket attack near his living quarters and sought disability compensation and treatment. The judge found a work-related psychological condition but denied…
J.G. and Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation
Board orders further review of FBI worker's hearing loss claim (ECAB 24-0071)
An FBI special agent claimed hearing loss after years of required firearms training and other noisy duties. OWCP denied the claim because it found no diagnosed condition connected to the accepted exposure. The Board found that a physician had diagnosed sensorineural hearing loss and identified a…
B.B. and U.S. Postal Service, Kenosha Post Office
Board upholds refusal to reopen postal worker's schedule award (ECAB 23-0972)
A postal worker asked OWCP to reconsider a schedule award for five percent permanent impairment of her right arm. OWCP refused to reopen the claim. The Board found that the submitted medical reports either repeated earlier evidence or did not address whether the right arm impairment exceeded five…
P.H. and U.S. Postal Service, Lodi Post Office
Board orders medical review of postal worker's disability periods (ECAB 23-0840)
A postal letter carrier sought wage loss compensation after an accepted head injury at work. OWCP denied benefits for the claimed periods, even though its second opinion physician later said the injury aggravated a preexisting headache condition. The Board found that OWCP had not asked the…
R.H., claiming as widow of S.H., and Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Border Patrol
Board orders medical review of Border Patrol survivor claim (ECAB 23-0120)
A Border Patrol agent's widow sought survivor benefits after his death in January 2020. OWCP had previously accepted that he was exposed at work through daily contact with sick children, but later denied her claim on the ground that the exposure had not been established. The Board held that OWCP…
A.M. and U.S. Postal Service, Corpus Christi Processing & Distribution Center
Postal employee's impairment award upheld; wage loss claims returned to OWCP (ECAB 23-0083, 23-0084)
A postal employee sought an increased award for a right shoulder impairment and wage loss compensation for two periods after accepted work injuries. The Board upheld her existing award based on four percent permanent impairment of her right arm because the medical evidence did not support a higher…
A.M. and U.S. Postal Service, Corpus Christi Processing and Distribution Center
Board upholds arm award and reopens postal worker's wage loss claims (ECAB 23-0083 and 23-0084)
A postal worker challenged a four percent right arm impairment award and denials of wage loss compensation for two periods. The Board found that OWCP's medical adviser adequately supported the four percent rating and affirmed that part of the decision. For disability beginning July 22, 2022, a…
A.S. and Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Safety Administration
Board treats airport worker's parking lot fall as work related (ECAB 21-1143)
An airport compliance specialist fell in an employee parking lot shortly before his shift and injured his left arm. OWCP denied the claim because it viewed the lot as outside the employer's premises and the fall as occurring before work. The Board found that the employer arranged and subsidized…
E.T. and U.S. Postal Service, Federal Way Post Office
Board upholds denial of postal worker's knee condition claim (ECAB 24-0128)
A postal city carrier attributed a left knee meniscus condition to years of walking, climbing stairs, and handling mail. OWCP denied the claim, and the Board found the medical reports did not adequately explain how those duties caused or aggravated the condition. One doctor's opinion was…
C.L. and U.S. Postal Service, North Metro GA Processing and Distribution Center
Board upholds denial of late written record review (ECAB 24-0127)
A postal worker asked for written record review of an August 2022 OWCP decision in June 2023. The Board found the request was made well beyond the 30-day period for that review. It also found that OWCP reasonably directed the worker to the reconsideration process instead. The Board affirmed the…
J.M. and Department of the Air Force, Laughlin Air Force Command Fire Department
Board keeps Air Force firefighter's hearing award at 57 percent (ECAB 24-0083)
An Air Force supervisory firefighter sought a larger schedule award for hearing loss. The Board found that later audiograms were unreliable, based on testing difficulties and their inconsistency with his ability to understand ordinary speech. A later auditory brainstem response test supported the…
D.C. and U.S. Postal Service, Fred John Station
Board keeps postal worker's leg impairment award at three percent (ECAB 24-0066)
A postal letter carrier sought a larger schedule award after an accepted left knee meniscus injury. One physician proposed a 15 percent range of motion rating. OWCP's medical adviser instead applied the applicable diagnosis based method and calculated three percent impairment. The Board found that…
What these documents are
- The agencies: Federal workers' compensation appeals from the Department of Labor's Employees' Compensation Appeals Board (ECAB), federal-sector labor-relations cases from the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), Longshore Act and Black Lung Benefits Act appeals from the Department of Labor's Benefits Review Board (BRB), precedent decisions of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB), and whistleblower and other labor appeals from the Department of Labor's Administrative Review Board (ARB). Each decision page names its agency.
- Commission, Board and Authority decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Authority at FLRA, the Board of Immigration Appeals, the Administrative Review Board at Labor, and the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
- ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
- Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
- Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.