Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

13,427 decisions and counting · Latest decision August 18, 2026
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COMM

Tri-State Mint, Inc., and Von Hoff International, Inc., et al.

In re Tri-State Mint, Inc., and Von Hoff International, Inc., et al. (EAB EPCRA Appeal No. 92-3; CERCLA Appeal No. 92-1): sodium cyanide reporting case remanded

EPA Region VIII brought an enforcement case after two early-1989 releases of a sodium cyanide solution at a metal recovery facility in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The Environmental Appeals Board held that a solution containing dissociated sodium cyanide counts as a release of sodium cyanide for…

April 21, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Mixed result
ALJ

Gallo Wine Distributors, Inc.

Late notice of contest dismissed

OSHA issued Gallo Wine Distributors a repeat citation and proposed penalty on June 29, 1993. An employee signed for the citation the next day, making July 22 the deadline for a notice of contest, but Gallo did not send its contest until September. Gallo said it had not received the citation…

April 21, 1994 ·Irving Sommer ·OSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Essex County (N.J.) Resource Recovery Facility

In re Essex County (N.J.) Resource Recovery Facility (EAB PSD Appeal No. 93-10): NOx source-separation challenge denied

The Ironbound Committee Against Toxic Waste challenged a modified Prevention of Significant Deterioration permit for American Ref-Fuel's resource-recovery facility in Essex County, New Jersey. The permit required selective non-catalytic reduction and source separation of bulk yard waste to meet a…

April 18, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Fort Defiance Construction & Supply, Inc.

All three trenching items vacated

Fort Defiance Construction & Supply was installing utilities in a trench at a Dayton, Ohio, road project. OSHA alleged that employees lacked a safe exit, that the onsite foreman was not a competent person, and that the trench lacked adequate cave-in protection. The judge found that employees could…

April 18, 1994 ·John H. Frye, III ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

W.E. Darin Construction Enterprises, Inc.

Connector ladder item vacated

W.E. Darin Construction Enterprises was erecting structural steel at a New York jobsite when a connector fell while climbing a column and later died from his injuries. OSHA alleged that Darin violated the stairway-and-ladder standard by not providing a ladder for access to the connection point. The…

April 18, 1994 ·Richard DeBenedetto ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

City of Haverhill, Wastewater Division

In re City of Haverhill, Wastewater Division (EAB NPDES Appeal No. 92-29): compliance-schedule request denied

The City of Haverhill, Massachusetts, operated a publicly owned treatment works with combined sewer overflows during wet weather. It asked EPA Region I to add a schedule of compliance that would give the City time to study and correct any water-quality violations caused by those overflows. The…

April 14, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
COMM

Halocarbon Products Corporation

Commission approves $5,500 chemical-safety settlement

Halocarbon Products manufactured specialty chemicals at a New Jersey plant where OSHA investigated after a reported chemical exposure hospitalized two employees, one of whom later died. OSHA alleged general-duty, respirator-program, and hazard-communication violations and initially proposed $37,000…

April 13, 1994 ·OSHRC
Settled
COMM

Hardin County, Ohio

In re Hardin County, Ohio (EAB RCRA (3008) Appeal No. 93-1): mixture-rule enforcement dismissed

EPA Region V sought to amend its complaint against Hardin County, Ohio, over wastewater-treatment sludges that allegedly contained hazardous waste and had been disposed of without a RCRA permit or interim status. The Environmental Appeals Board held that the federal mixture rule had been invalid…

April 12, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Volmar Construction, Inc.

Late notice of contest dismissed

OSHA issued Volmar Construction a repeat citation and proposed penalties on February 3, 1993. Volmar received the citation on February 8, making March 2 the contest deadline, and its representative attended an informal conference before that deadline. OSHA told the representative that any contest…

April 11, 1994 ·Irving Sommer ·OSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Blankenship & Lee Pipeline Co., Inc.

Trenching and hazard-communication violations affirmed

Blankenship & Lee Pipeline was reconstructing sewer lines for a pumping station in Pelham, Georgia. An employee worked in a vertical trench that measured between 5 feet 4 inches and 6 feet deep without a ladder, adequate cave-in protection, or a hard hat; loose spoil was stored only inches from the…

April 11, 1994 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

E.R. Del Moral, Inc.

Scaffold and fall-hazard violations affirmed

E.R. Del Moral was performing construction work in Arecibo, Puerto Rico. The judge found that employees worked on elevated scaffolds and platforms with missing end guardrails and inadequate intermediate rails, and that safety belts did not substitute for the guardrails required by the cited…

April 11, 1994 ·Irving Sommer ·OSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Tackett Tank, Inc.

Settlement approved over employee representative's objections

The Secretary and Tackett Tank submitted a settlement agreement in a case arising from an accident that caused an employee's death. The employee's father, acting as an authorized employee representative, submitted documents objecting to the settlement. The judge explained that Commission precedent…

April 6, 1994 ·Louis G. LaVecchia ·OSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Danella Construction Corporation of Florida, Inc.

Inspection and power-line-clearance items vacated

Danella Construction was installing telephone lines in Lake Worth, Florida, and used a boom truck to place an eight-foot trench shield. OSHA alleged that the company failed to have competent-person inspections and operated the boom within 10 feet of energized overhead lines. The judge found that…

April 4, 1994 ·Paul L. Brady ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
COMM

Kiewit Western Company

Vehicle-lighting citations vacated for earthmoving equipment

Kiewit Western used large tractors and trailers to haul earth at the Denver airport construction site, including at night and in poor visibility. OSHA cited the equipment because the trailers lacked taillights and brake lights and two tractors lacked working brake lights. The Commission held that a…

March 31, 1994 ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

West Texas Warehouse Company

Hazardous-waste-response items vacated

West Texas Warehouse leased part of a Lubbock warehouse to another company that stored hazardous-waste-labeled batteries. After some batteries caught fire, fire and state environmental officials asked West Texas to help move them because the tenant would not act. West Texas employees used gloves…

March 28, 1994 ·Stanley M. Schwartz ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

L.G. Defelice, Inc.

Overhead-line violations affirmed as serious

L.G. Defelice was rehabilitating a section of Interstate 70 near Washington, Pennsylvania, where heavy equipment regularly passed beneath overhead electrical lines. Two machines contacted the lines in separate incidents, and the judge found that Defelice had not trained employees on the specific…

March 28, 1994 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Akbar Electric Service Company

Commission approves $200 settlement

An ALJ dismissed Akbar Electric Service Company's notice of contest after the company failed to answer the Secretary's complaint or respond to an order to show cause. The ALJ's default order had affirmed the citations and proposed penalties in full. After Commission review was directed, the parties…

March 25, 1994 ·OSHRC
Settled
COMM

Complete General Construction Co.

Commission approves bridge-safety settlement

Complete General Construction was performing construction work on a bridge over the Black Fork of the Mohican River near Lucas, Ohio. OSHA cited the company for failing to provide life jackets, ring buoys, a lifesaving skiff, edge guardrails, and protection from protruding reinforcing steel. The…

March 25, 1994 ·OSHRC
Settled
COMM

Bielmeier Builders, Inc.

Commission approves a settlement, dropping the electrical item and cutting the guardrail item to other-than-serious

Bielmeier Builders was a custom home builder putting up a two-story house in Clarence, New York. After an April 1991 inspection, OSHA cited the company for two serious violations: running a saw off an extension cord in a damp garage area with no ground-fault protection, and leaving an open-sided…

March 25, 1994 ·OSHRC
Settled
ALJ

St. Thomas Gas Company

Late notice of contest dismissed

OSHA issued St. Thomas Gas Company two citations on November 26, 1993, which the company received on December 1. The 15-working-day contest period expired on December 22, but the company's contest letter was dated December 29 and OSHA received it on January 3, 1994. St. Thomas Gas did not respond…

March 22, 1994 ·Irving Sommer ·OSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Metalworking Lubricants Company

In re Metalworking Lubricants Company (EAB RCRA Appeal No. 93-4): corrective-action permit terms upheld

Metalworking Lubricants Company operated an oil recycling facility in Indianapolis, Indiana, and challenged corrective-action terms in the federal portion of its RCRA permit. The company argued that a previous owner caused the contamination and that cleanup should proceed through a pending Indiana…

March 21, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
COMM

City of Hollywood, Florida

In re City of Hollywood, Florida (EAB NPDES Appeal No. 92-21): permit remanded in part

The City of Hollywood challenged conditions in its NPDES permit for the Southern Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant, which discharges treated municipal wastewater to the Atlantic Ocean. The Environmental Appeals Board denied review of several effluent limits and testing objections because they…

March 21, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Mixed result
ALJ

Pittsburg and Midway Coal, Mining Company-York Cnyn Complex

Backup alarm citation affirmed with $200 penalty

Pittsburg and Midway Coal operated the York Canyon Underground Mine, where MSHA cited an explosives truck with a nonfunctioning backup alarm. Judge John J. Morris found that the truck's rear view was obstructed by explosive boxes, so the pickup-truck exception in 30 C.F.R. § 77.410(a) did not…

March 21, 1994 ·John J. Morris ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Broken Hill Mining Company, Inc.

Default decision entered with $1,829 penalty

Broken Hill Mining Company faced four consolidated civil penalty proceedings involving Mine Nos. 3 and 1. After the judge ordered the company to contact the Secretary about settlement, comply with the prehearing order, or show cause for its failure, the company did not comply. Judge Avram…

March 17, 1994 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Southmountain Coal, Inc.

Interlocutory review petition denied

Southmountain Coal petitioned the Commission for interlocutory review of an administrative law judge's order that continued a limited stay while related criminal proceedings were pending. The Commission concluded that Southmountain had not established a basis for interlocutory review and denied the…

March 16, 1994 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Inter-Power of New York, Inc.

In re Inter-Power of New York, Inc. (EAB PSD Appeal Nos. 92-8 and 92-9): BACT determination affirmed

EPA Region II issued Inter-Power of New York, Inc. a Prevention of Significant Deterioration permit for three coal-fired fluidized-bed boilers in Halfmoon, New York. Massachusetts and Concerned Citizens for the Environment challenged the permit, primarily arguing that the sulfur-dioxide limit…

March 16, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Madison Branch Management

Jurisdictional motions denied in fatality-related proceedings

These consolidated proceedings concerned alleged Mine Act violations involving Madison Branch Management and Protective Security Services at a surface mine. The respondents argued that the contractor was not an operator and that the security guard was not a miner under the Mine Act. Judge Jerold…

March 15, 1994 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Remp Sand & Gravel

Default order vacated and remanded

Remp Sand & Gravel failed to answer the Secretary's proposed civil penalty assessment and a judge's order to show cause, so the judge entered a default order requiring payment of $390. The company's owner later wrote to the Commission saying he did not understand that the citations were assigned to…

March 14, 1994 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Union Drilling

Citations dismissed because CNG controlled the work

Union Drilling supplied workers to CNG Transmission for a natural-gas well flow-back operation. Two night-shift workers were later found inside a frac tank and were determined to have died from asphyxiation, after which OSHA cited Union and CNG separately. The judge focused on which company…

March 11, 1994 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

CNG Transmission Corporation

Mixed ruling on frac-tank hazards

CNG Transmission was preparing a natural-gas field for underground storage and used workers supplied by Union Drilling to monitor a frac-fluid flow-back operation. After the piping was changed so that fluid and gas flowed directly into a frac tank, two night-shift workers were found inside the tank…

March 11, 1994 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Two violations affirmed, two settlements approved

Consolidation Coal operated the Humphrey No. 7 underground coal mine, where MSHA cited four conditions involving a danger sign near a roof fall, a non-fireproof oil and grease storage area, compressed gas cylinders near power lines, and a belt-conveyor guard. Judge David F. Barbour affirmed the…

March 9, 1994 ·David F. Barbour ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

D. M. Connor Sand Company

Settlement approved with $500 penalty

D. M. Connor Sand Company faced a proposed $539 civil penalty for several alleged violations. The parties reached a settlement before the hearing, reducing Citation No. 4084309 from $189 to $50 and changing it to non-significant and substantial, while agreeing to pay the full penalties for the…

March 8, 1994 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Ray Birnbaum Scrap Yard

In re Ray Birnbaum Scrap Yard (EAB TSCA Appeal No. 92-5): $1,700 penalty affirmed

EPA Region VIII appealed a $1,700 penalty assessed against Ray Birnbaum Scrap Yard for admitted violations involving polychlorinated biphenyls. The region argued for a larger penalty based on the TSCA Civil Penalty Guidelines, while Birnbaum submitted financial information showing that the proposed…

March 7, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Buck Creek Coal, Inc.

Combustible-accumulation citation affirmed with $2,000 penalty

MSHA cited Buck Creek Coal for allowing loose coal and float coal dust to accumulate beneath a belt conveyor, tail roller, and feeder at the Buck Creek Mine. The accumulations reached up to 3.5 feet in depth and 18 feet in width, and the tail roller was turning in coal fines. Judge Roy J. Maurer…

March 7, 1994 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Sovereign Mining Company

Settlement approved and temporary reinstatement proceeding dismissed

The Secretary of Labor sought temporary reinstatement for Danny Shepherd after he filed discrimination complaints against Sovereign Mining Company. Judge Jerold Feldman had ordered reinstatement, and the Secretary later alleged that the company circumvented that order by reinstating and then laying…

March 7, 1994 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Pontiki Coal Corporation

Contest proceedings dismissed

Pontiki Coal Corporation challenged an enforcement order, two citations, and two orders issued at the Pontiki No. 2 Mine. The contest proceedings concerned an order issued under Mine Act section 103(k), two citations issued under section 104(a), and two orders issued under section 104(b). At an…

March 7, 1994 ·T. Todd Hodgdon ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Irishman Elkhorn Coal

Temporary reinstatement ordered

Danny Shepherd was discharged by Irishman Elkhorn Coal after he allegedly refused to operate a continuous mining machine in an unsafe condition and engaged in other protected safety activity. The Secretary sought temporary reinstatement under the Mine Act, and the company did not request a hearing…

March 7, 1994 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Green Coal Company, Inc.

Settlement approved and discrimination proceeding dismissed

Bryan Wimsatt and Green Coal Company reached an amicable settlement in a Mine Act discrimination proceeding. The parties jointly asked the ALJ to dismiss the case with prejudice based on their settlement agreement. Judge Roy J. Maurer approved the settlement, canceled the hearing scheduled in…

March 7, 1994 ·Roy J. Maurer ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Peabody Coal Company

Multiple citations affirmed or modified, $3,081 assessed

Peabody Coal operated the Camp No. 11 underground mine in Kentucky and faced citations involving rock dust, ventilation, roof dust, a trailing cable, and respirable dust. The judge found that the rock dust violation was significant and substantial because methane and other conditions made an…

March 7, 1994 ·Arthur J. Amchan ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Trojan Mining Company

Compensation proceeding dismissed

James Boyd, on behalf of Local Union 1468 of the United Mine Workers of America, was ordered to show cause why the compensation proceeding should not be dismissed. No response was received by the deadline. Judge Gary Melick dismissed the case.

March 5, 1994 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Mullins and Sons Coal Company, Incorporated

Remand decision reinstated unwarrantable-failure findings

MSHA cited Mullins and Sons Coal Company for combustible coal-dust accumulations and inadequate rock dusting at its No. 6 Mine. The operator stipulated that the violations occurred and were significant and substantial, leaving unwarrantable failure as the issue on remand. Judge Jerold Feldman…

March 3, 1994 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Brown Brothers Sand Company

Conveyor guard citation affirmed with $50 penalty

MSHA cited Brown Brothers Sand Company after an inspector found that the guard on the tail pulley of a railroad-car conveyor belt was lying on the ground while the belt was operating. Judge T. Todd Hodgdon found that the guard was not securely in place and that no testing or adjustment justified…

February 25, 1994 ·T. Todd Hodgdon ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Jim Walter Resources, Inc.,

Jim Walter Resources, Inc. (FMSHRC SE 92-408): Roof-support citation affirmed, unwarrantable-failure finding vacated

MSHA cited Jim Walter Resources after miners and managers traveled through a longwall crosscut near the shield break line without additional roof support. The judge affirmed the violation and its significant-and-substantial designation because continued mining could expose travelers to roof or rib…

February 25, 1994 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Dunlop Tire Corporation

Settlement reclassifies citation and sets $7,000 penalty

OSHA issued Dunlop Tire Corporation one citation in October 1992, and Dunlop filed a timely contest. The United Rubber Workers, Local No. 915, was granted party status. When the case came to hearing, the parties announced that they had resolved every issue and stated their agreement on the record…

February 25, 1994 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Settled
COMM

Hickory Coal Company

Settlement approval vacated and remanded

Hickory Coal Company and the Secretary agreed to settle two civil penalties totaling $40, while one citation would be vacated. The ALJ approved the settlement, but Hickory later objected to statements in the Secretary's motion about its negligence and said it had not agreed to those terms. The…

February 24, 1994 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

L & J Energy Company, Inc.

Highwall violations sustained after fatal rock fall

L & J Energy operated a surface coal mine where a rock fall killed one miner and seriously injured another. Judge Avram Weisberger found that the operator failed to maintain and inspect the highwall, failed to follow its ground control plan, and failed to provide required examinations and training…

February 24, 1994 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

KYN Coal Company Incorporated

Stay proposed in respirable-dust proceeding

KYN Coal Company faced civil penalties based on allegations that respirable-dust samples had been invalidated by removing dust from the samples before submission. Because a related master docket involved alleged tampering of respirable-dust cassettes and could provide guidance, the ALJ proposed…

February 24, 1994 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Morton International, Inc., Morton Salt

Methane citations vacated in abandoned area

Morton International, Inc., Morton Salt challenged methane citations issued at its Weeks Island domal salt mine. MSHA recorded methane readings of 1 percent and 3.25 percent in an abandoned area. The ALJ held that the cited standards addressed mine atmosphere in active workings and did not apply to…

February 24, 1994 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

G & C Mining Company, Inc.

Five citations affirmed and one vacated

G & C Mining Company faced six citations at its limestone quarry for traffic rules, electrical labels, vehicle brakes, and backup alarms. The ALJ found that five violations were proven and assessed a total of $185 in penalties, including one significant-and-substantial brake violation. The ALJ…

February 23, 1994 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Wagner Sand & Stone, Inc.

Default order vacated and remanded

Wagner Sand & Stone failed to answer a civil-penalty proposal and a judge's order to show cause, so the judge entered a default order requiring payment of $294. The company later said that the parties had agreed to settle and that the Secretary's counsel had acknowledged a mistake, but the attached…

February 23, 1994 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Mountaintop Restoration, Inc.

$3,150 in penalties affirmed

Mountaintop Restoration was assessed penalties for 24 violations at its underground coal mines. The violations included an inaccurate check-in and check-out record that failed to show who was underground. The ALJ found all violations proven, rejected the company's claim that the penalties would…

February 23, 1994 ·T. Todd Hodgdon ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

T & F Sand and Gravel, Inc., et al.

Proceedings reopened and remanded

The ALJs in 17 consolidated civil penalty proceedings had remanded proposed penalties to the Secretary for recalculation under the Commission's Drummond decision. The Secretary later said the cases had been remanded by mistake because they did not involve excessive violation history and asked to…

February 23, 1994 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
COMM

Tug Valley Coal Processing

Penalty dismissal vacated and remanded

Tug Valley Coal Processing paid a proposed civil penalty, and the ALJ reviewed the penalty and dismissed the proceeding. Tug Valley later said it paid through genuine mistake and should still be allowed to contest the violation. The Commission found that the record did not show whether the payment…

February 22, 1994 ·FMSHRC
Remanded
ALJ

Huntington Piping Incorporated

Two fall-protection violations affirmed and $600 assessed

Huntington Piping Incorporated was an independent contractor working on a bathhouse at a West Virginia coal mine. Three employees worked about 20 feet above the ground without properly using safety belts and lines, and they left the roof by climbing on steel beams instead of using a safe means of…

February 22, 1994 ·David F. Barbour ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

W. A. Schemmer Limestone Quarry Incorporated

Three settlements approved, two brake violations affirmed, and $2,100 assessed

W. A. Schemmer Limestone Quarry operated a limestone quarry in Iowa. The ALJ approved settlements reducing three penalties to $50 each, for violations involving an unsecured compressed-gas cylinder, a missing safety cap, and an unclean shop floor. The ALJ also affirmed two brake violations…

February 22, 1994 ·David F. Barbour ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Commercial Cartage Company, Inc.

In re Commercial Cartage Company, Inc. (EAB CAA Appeal No. 93-2): dismissal reversed and case remanded

EPA's Office of Air and Radiation challenged dismissal of its complaint against Commercial Cartage Company, Inc. The complaint alleged that the carrier transported gasoline with a Reid Vapor Pressure above the 7.8 psi limit applicable in the St. Louis non-attainment area. The Board held that the…

February 22, 1994 ·EPA EAB
Remanded
ALJ

Santa Fe Pacific Gold Corp.

Discrimination cases dismissed after settlement

The Secretary brought two discrimination complaints on behalf of Robert W. Buelke, alleging that Santa Fe Pacific Gold discharged him twice in retaliation for protected safety activity. Before the ALJ issued a liability decision, the parties reached a comprehensive settlement covering the…

February 18, 1994 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Settled
COMM

Hern Iron Works, Inc.

Commission raises record-access penalty to $5,000

Hern Iron Works refused to provide its OSHA injury and illness records during an inspection conducted under an administrative search warrant. After earlier litigation over the warrant, an ALJ affirmed a willful record-access violation but reduced the Secretary's proposed $10,000 penalty to $200…

February 18, 1994 ·OSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Texas Gravel Incorporated

Settlement approved at $1,100

Texas Gravel Incorporated faced a civil penalty proceeding under the Mine Act. The parties proposed reducing the penalty from $2,372 to $1,100. Judge Avram Weisberger found the settlement appropriate under the statutory penalty criteria, approved it, and ordered payment within 30 days.

February 17, 1994 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Roxcoal Incorporated

Settlement approved, one citation modified, and $239 assessed

Roxcoal Incorporated faced a civil penalty proceeding involving two citations. The approved settlement removed the significant-and-substantial designation from Citation No. 3706730 and reduced its penalty from $169 to $50. Roxcoal also agreed to pay the proposed $189 penalty for Citation No…

February 16, 1994 ·T. Todd Hodgdon ·FMSHRC
Settled

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.