Federal Agency Decisions
Federal workers' compensation appeals from the Department of Labor's Employees' Compensation Appeals Board (ECAB), federal-sector labor-relations cases from the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), Longshore Act and Black Lung Benefits Act appeals from the Department of Labor's Benefits Review Board (BRB), precedent decisions of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB), and whistleblower and other labor appeals from the Department of Labor's Administrative Review Board (ARB), each with a plain-English summary, the law it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.
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National Treasury Employees Union and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Midwest Region
Food and Nutrition Service workplace proposals (FLRA 0-NG-1283): Four proposals negotiable
The National Treasury Employees Union sought bargaining over seven proposals for Food and Nutrition Service employees in the Midwest Region. The Authority found proposals for union activity travel expenses and internal review of performance standards negotiable, along with a term linking standards…
National Treasury Employees Union and Department of Health and Human Services, Region V, Chicago, Illinois
HHS excepted service employees (FLRA 0-NG-1241): Grievance proposal negotiable
The National Treasury Employees Union proposed extending its HHS Region V contract's grievance, adverse action, and arbitration articles to excepted service employees in the bargaining unit. The proposal covered 32 Schedule A employees, most of them attorneys. HHS argued that federal civil service…
American Federation of Government Employees, Local 1546 and Department of the Army, Sharpe Army Depot
Sharpe Army Depot shift notice (FLRA 0-NG-1015): Petition dismissed after remand
AFGE Local 1546 negotiated a term requiring two weeks' notice before changing employees' shifts, with an exception for emergencies. The Army disapproved the term, and the Authority initially found it nonnegotiable. After a court remand, the Authority reconsidered the governing work schedule rules…
Veterans Administration Regional Office, Denver, Colorado and American Federation of Government Employees, Local Union 1557
Denver VA grievance travel (FLRA 0-AR-1230): Expenses subject to travel rules
A VA employee stationed about 200 miles from the Denver regional office sought to attend grievance meetings and an arbitration hearing in person. The VA limited his participation in earlier meetings to the telephone and denied official time and travel expenses for the hearing, so he used annual…
Department of the Air Force, Warner Robins Air Logistics Center and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 987
Warner Robins overtime grievance (FLRA 0-AR-1223): Make up overtime remedy stands
A Warner Robins Air Logistics Center employee declined a Saturday overtime shift for religious reasons but sought overtime on other days. Management excluded him from all the overtime, including a Sunday shift. An arbitrator found that the employee was entitled to the Sunday work and ordered eight…
International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers, Local No. 4 and Department of the Navy, Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard grievance procedure (FLRA O-NG-1019): Union proposal negotiable
The Navy revised its grievance regulation to bar bargaining unit employees from using the agency administrative grievance procedure. The Portsmouth Naval Shipyard union proposed continued access to that procedure for matters outside the parties' negotiated grievance procedure. The Authority found…
Lamar Mining Company and Larry Williams, Graham Martin and Williams & Martin Coal Co.
Danny Johnson v. Lamar Mining Company et al. (FMSHRC KENT 87-68-D): Discrimination settlement approved and case dismissed
Danny Johnson filed a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against Lamar Mining Company, Larry Williams, Graham Martin, and Williams & Martin Coal Company. The parties reached a settlement requiring the operator to pay Johnson $5,000 in four equal installments, with the final payment due May 18…
U.S. Department of Defense, Department of the Air Force, Air Force Logistics Center, Tinker Air Force Base, Oklahoma and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 916
Tinker Air Force Base (FLRA 6-CA-50014): Bargaining required before installing replacement degreaser
Tinker Air Force Base installed a replacement vapor degreaser in a unit that restores aircraft engine parts without notifying AFGE Local 916 or bargaining over implementation and arrangements for affected employees. The new machine sat partly in an unventilated pit, near a furnace, and in a draft…
American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2484 and U.S. Army Garrison, Fort Detrick, Maryland
Fort Detrick work schedules (FLRA 0-NG-898): Advance notice terms outside duty to bargain
AFGE Local 2484 negotiated two Fort Detrick provisions requiring advance notice before changes to employees' work schedules. One required two weeks' written notice, and the other required posting a rotation schedule at least one pay period ahead. After a court remand, the Authority reconsidered the…
Bureau of Indian Affairs and National Federation of Federal Employees, Local 243
Bureau of Indian Affairs housing rents (FLRA 0-AR-1195): Refund limited to bargaining unit
At Warm Springs, Oregon, nine Bureau of Indian Affairs employees formally appealed an increase in their government housing rent and won refunds. Another 18 employees sought similar relief through a grievance after they had not filed formal appeals. An arbitrator found that the agency acted…
Staker Paving & Construction Company, Incorporated
Back-up alarm citation affirmed with S&S designation removed
MSHA cited Staker Paving after a front-end loader operated without an audible back-up alarm or an observer, even though maintenance reports had documented the defect. The company admitted the violation and abated it in six days after obtaining a replacement part. Judge John J. Morris found that the…
U.S. Steel Mining Co., Inc.
Roger Nelson v. U.S. Steel Mining Co., Inc. (FMSHRC WEVA 86-407-D): Two retaliatory actions found and $400 penalty assessed
Roger Nelson raised safety concerns about ventilation tubing and rock dusting at U.S. Steel's Morton Mine. Judge Avram Weisberger found that a foreman intimidated Nelson by falsely accusing him of illegally taking a man trip and later required him to shovel coal after Nelson made protected safety…
Dingess Mine Service, Winchester Coals, Inc., Mullins Coal Company, Joe Dingess and Johnny Dingess
Wilfred Bryant v. Dingess Mine Service et al. (FMSHRC WEVA 85-43-D): Discrimination found after refusal to operate unsafe shuttle car
Wilfred Bryant was laid off shortly after he reported defects in a shuttle car and refused to continue operating it. Judge James A. Broderick found that the safety complaints and refusal were protected activity, and that the layoff was motivated in part by that activity. The judge held Dingess Mine…
Jones Washington Stevedoring Co.
Fall-protection citation withdrawn
Jones Washington Stevedoring employees worked without fall protection on containers stacked 32 feet above a barge deck. The judge found that safety nets were infeasible but that safety belts tied to temporary container anchor points could provide equal protection. He affirmed the serious…
Concrete Products Company
Back-up alarm citation affirmed with $150 penalty
MSHA cited Concrete Products after an inspector found a 35-ton Caterpillar operating without a back-up alarm at a sand and gravel pit. The company admitted the violation and repaired or replaced the alarm the same day. Judge John J. Morris found that the defect had been reported several days…
Rushton Mining Company
Orders modified and $1,600 in penalties assessed
Rushton Mining's consolidated cases involved three contested orders and a civil-penalty proceeding arising from ventilation, escapeway, coal-dust, and examination issues at the Rushton Mine. Judge James A. Broderick vacated Order No. 2403926 and dismissed its contest, approved a settlement that…
Veterans Administration, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Muskogee, Oklahoma and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2250
Muskogee VA Medical Center (FLRA 6-CA-50105, 6-CA-50106): Clinical privileges changed without bargaining
The Muskogee VA Medical Center removed significant surgical privileges from two physicians without notifying AFGE Local 2250 or offering to bargain over procedures and arrangements for affected employees. An administrative law judge had recommended dismissing the complaint, reasoning that the…
United States Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service, Houston District and National Treasury Employees Union, Chapter 222
IRS Houston District parking (FLRA 6-CA-30144): Bargaining required after office move
The IRS Houston District moved about 750 employees to the Briarpark office, where parking and transportation options differed from their previous workplaces. NTEU Chapter 222 proposed limits on employee parking charges and on spaces reserved for management. The Authority found that the move…
Department of Health and Human Services, Social Security Administration, Great Lakes Program Service Center and American Federation of Government Employees
Social Security Great Lakes center (FLRA 5-CA-60268): Employee addresses ordered disclosed
AFGE requested the names and home addresses of bargaining unit employees at two Chicago Social Security Administration facilities. The agency refused, citing employee privacy, the Privacy Act, and other ways for the union to contact employees. Applying its earlier decision on remand in Farmers Home…
Bureau of the Census and National Treasury Employees Union and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2782
Census Bureau representation petition (FLRA 3-RO-60013): Withdrawal review denied
The National Treasury Employees Union asked to withdraw its Census Bureau representation petition, and the regional director approved the withdrawal with prejudice. AFGE Local 2782 sought Authority review of that approval. The Authority found no compelling reason to review the regional director's…
National Treasury Employees Union and Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service
IRS paycheck delivery (FLRA 0-NG-1244): Three union proposals negotiable
The IRS planned to end routine hand delivery of employee paychecks and savings bonds in favor of direct deposit or mail. NTEU proposed keeping hand delivery, letting employees choose a mailing address, and promptly distributing or providing access to checks received at an IRS office. The Authority…
National Association of Government Employees, Locals R5-177 and R5-82 and Department of the Navy
Navy employee insurance (FLRA 0-NG-1127): Benefits proposal negotiable
NAGE Locals R5-177 and R5-82 proposed life and health insurance eligibility and plan choices for part time Navy employees paid from nonappropriated funds. The Navy argued that these benefits were outside conditions of employment and that the proposal threatened the financial viability of its fund…
Colorado Nurses Association and Veterans Administration Medical Center, Fort Lyons, Colorado
Fort Lyons VA nurses (FLRA 0-NG-1104): Three proposals negotiable, three dismissed
The Colorado Nurses Association sought to bargain over a grievance procedure, nurse schedules, ward reassignments, vacancy preferences, and relief shifts at the Fort Lyons VA medical center. The VA argued that federal medical personnel law broadly excluded its professional staff from bargaining…
Western Fuels-Utah, Inc.
Roof-support citation affirmed with $250 penalty
MSHA cited Western Fuels after miner Austin Mullens went about seven feet beyond permanent roof support while trying to retrieve a pan and was killed by a falling rock at the Deserado Mine. Judge Roy J. Maurer found that the conduct violated 30 C.F.R. § 75.200 and was significant and substantial…
Tri-Son Mining, Inc.
Discrimination complaint dismissed after settlement
The case was a discrimination proceeding involving Tri-Son Mining, Inc. The complainant asked to withdraw the complaint after the parties reached a mutually agreeable settlement. Judge Gary Melick approved the withdrawal under 29 C.F.R. § 2700.11 and dismissed the case.
Service Employees International Union, Local 556 and Department of the Navy, Navy Exchange, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Pearl Harbor Navy Exchange benefits (FLRA O-NG-796): Dental and insurance proposals negotiable
SEIU Local 556 proposed employer paid dental coverage and group insurance eligibility for certain Navy Exchange employees, including regularly scheduled intermittent workers. The Navy argued that the benefits were outside conditions of employment and cited an agency rule excluding intermittent…
Environmental Protection Agency, Region II and American Federation of Government Employees
EPA Region II office move (FLRA 2-CA-20488): Relocation required bargaining
EPA Region II moved 12 Water Resources Section employees without bargaining over how to implement the move and address its effects. The new space had smaller rooms, less storage, and more noise. The Authority had earlier found the change too small to require bargaining, but reconsidered after a…
American Federation of Government Employees, Council of Locals No. 214 and Department of the Air Force, Air Force Logistics Command, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
Wright-Patterson official time (FLRA 0-NG-1002): Reconsideration denied after settlement
AFGE Council 214 sought full time official time for certain representatives at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. After a court reversed an earlier Authority ruling and remanded the case, the Air Force withdrew its nonnegotiability allegation and the parties signed an agreement resolving the issue…
Army and Air Force Exchange Service, Oakland Army Base and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 1157
Oakland Army Base license checks (FLRA 9-CA-50111): Policy expansion required bargaining
At Oakland Army Base, the Army and Air Force Exchange Service expanded driver license checks from road drivers to all employees who drove agency vehicles. AFGE Local 1157 learned of the change as collection of employee information began and requested bargaining. The Authority found that the local…
Central Wisconsin Steel Building Erectors, Inc.
Roof fall-protection citation vacated
Central Wisconsin employees installed insulation and metal roof decking on a single-story building 16 to 21 feet above the ground without fall-protection equipment. The judge affirmed a serious personal-protective-equipment citation and assessed $300. The Commission later held that the controlling…
Elk Creek Coal Corporation
Nine violations affirmed, one citation dismissed, and $1,850 assessed
MSHA charged Elk Creek Coal Corporation with ten violations involving highwall hazards, roof control, emergency communications, methane monitoring, and miner training at the No. 1 Mine. Judge Gary Melick found nine violations proven, including several significant and substantial violations, but…
Consolidation Coal Company
Supplemental order awards $1,563.13 and makes prior decision final
This supplemental decision followed an earlier decision in a discrimination proceeding involving Consolidation Coal Company. The parties agreed on the amounts owed to the complainant under two paragraphs of that earlier decision. Judge Avram Weisberger ordered the company to pay $775.25 in legal…
Duval Corporation
Discrimination complaint dismissed as untimely
Leonardo R. Lamas brought a Mine Act discrimination complaint against Duval Corporation after his employment was terminated in 1983. He filed with MSHA more than two years later and then filed a second complaint with the Commission after MSHA found no violation. Judge Michael A. Lasher, Jr. found…
Solar Fuel Company, Inc.
One citation vacated, one modified, and $205 assessed
MSHA cited Solar Fuel Company at the Solar No. 10 Mine for electrical equipment near pillar workings, inadequate airflow, and other conditions. Judge Roy J. Maurer vacated Citation No. 2694689, modified Citation No. 2694571 to remove its significant-and-substantial designation, and affirmed the…
Health Care Financing Administration and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 1923
Health Care Financing Administration appraisals (FLRA O-AR-1211): Ratings remedy modified
Two Health Care Financing Administration secretaries challenged their 1985 performance appraisals, which rated them excellent rather than outstanding. An arbitrator sustained their grievances and directed the agency to raise their element scores and overall ratings. The Authority found that the…
Panama DOD Employees Coalition and Headquarters 193d Infantry Brigade, Department of the Army, Panama
Army housing in Panama (FLRA O-AR-1200): Vacate notice award stands
The Army notified 68 civilian employees in Panama that they must leave government family housing under a five year rotation rule. An arbitrator found that an earlier allocation system sharing housing between military and civilian employees remained in effect and ordered the vacate notices canceled…
Cleveland Consolidated, Inc.
Electrical citations merged and penalty reduced to $100
Cleveland Consolidated electricians replaced a damaged cable in a narrow, dark corridor while exposed lugs in the same switchbox remained energized at 460 volts or more. An explosion occurred while an employee worked within reach of the energized parts, setting his beard and clothes on fire. The…
Military Entrance Processing Station, Los Angeles, California and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2866
Los Angeles military processing station (FLRA 8-CA-50566, 8-CA-60005): Union meeting rule required bargaining
The Los Angeles Military Entrance Processing Station changed when union representatives could meet employees and took a filing cabinet used for union records without bargaining with AFGE Local 2866. The Authority found both actions violated the agency's bargaining duty. It ordered restoration of…
Florida National Guard, St. Augustine, Florida and National Association of Government Employees, Local R5-107
Florida National Guard union certification (FLRA 4-AC-60011): Review of amendment denial refused
NAGE Local R5-107 sought to change the name on a Florida National Guard representation certification after a merger of local unions. The regional director dismissed the petition because the union had not followed procedures intended to show that the change reflected members' wishes. The union…
International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers, Local 3 and Naval Sea Systems Command Detachment, PERA (CRUDES), Philadelphia
Naval Sea Systems Command agreement (FLRA 0-NG-1213): Six disapproved terms negotiable
An agency head disapproved six terms in a Philadelphia Naval Sea Systems Command agreement negotiated with IFPTE Local 3. The terms concerned overtime assignments, a facilities improvement committee, steps before discipline, and conflicts involving equal employment opportunity counselors. The…
National Treasury Employees Union and U.S. Customs Service, Northeast Region
Boston Customs rotations (FLRA 0-NG-1180): Five proposals negotiable
After Customs closed its Mystic Terminal container inspection operation in Boston, NTEU proposed rules for work location assignments and rotations of Customs employees. The Authority found that five proposals concerned where already assigned employees would perform their duties and did not bar…
National Federation of Federal Employees, Local 1945 and U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management
Denver BLM shift plan (FLRA O-NG-1257): Two shift proposal outside duty to bargain
The Bureau of Land Management planned to replace two shifts in its Denver Key Entry Section with one shift. NFFE Local 1945 proposed keeping the early shift and moving the late shift to the agency's new hours. The Authority found that the proposal would determine the number of employees on a…
American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2924 and A. Elayne Severson
Davis-Monthan Air Force Base agreement (FLRA 8-CO-50011): Union ordered to sign
AFGE Local 2924 and Davis-Monthan Air Force Base negotiated a collective bargaining agreement, but the union refused to sign the final written document. The union disputed whether two provisions matched what the parties had agreed to and argued that tentative provisions could still be rejected…
Veterans Administration Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 2382
Phoenix VA Medical Center (FLRA 8-CA-50153): Reconsideration denied
AFGE Local 2382 asked the Authority to reconsider its earlier decision involving the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Phoenix. The union argued that the Authority should have restored the prior working arrangement after an administrative law judge found a past practice. The Authority…
Veterans Administration Central Office and Veterans Administration Regional Office, Denver, Colorado and American Federation of Government Employees, Local 1557
Denver VA performance awards (FLRA 7-CA-60007): Agency ordered to disclose employee names
AFGE Local 1557 requested the names of Denver Veterans Administration employees whose performance ratings and awards appeared on an agency list. The agency supplied the award data with employee names replaced by codes, citing privacy concerns. The Authority found that the union needed the names to…
Department of Defense Dependents Schools, Panama Region and Panama Canal Federation of Teachers, Local 29
Panama part-time teacher pay (FLRA 0-AR-1215): Backpay award set aside
A part-time teacher at a Department of Defense school in Panama received half of a full-time salary but said her duties warranted more. An arbitrator found that the school had failed to explain her pay and had skipped an orientation required by the labor agreement. He awarded the difference between…
Southern Ohio Coal Company
Two orders vacated and one settlement approved
Southern Ohio Coal challenged two enforcement orders at the Martinka No. 1 Mine and faced related civil penalty proposals. Judge Roy J. Maurer vacated one order because the safeguard requiring 24 inches of clearance around coal feeders was a general requirement that should have been adopted through…
Hobet Mining & Construction Company
Blasting violation reversed and citation vacated
Hobet Mining and Construction was cited after a blasting crew remained in an open area and a rock struck a crew member about 1,115 feet from the blast. The ALJ found a violation of the blasting-area standard and assessed a $5,000 penalty. The Commission held that the Secretary had not shown that…
Marigold Docks, Inc.
Civil penalty settlement approved
Marigold Docks disputed whether a citation had properly been issued to it rather than to the deceased miner's employer. The parties agreed to resolve the civil penalty proceeding for $120 instead of the originally assessed $126. Judge James A. Broderick approved the settlement under the penalty…
Upright Mining, Inc.
Default order vacated and remanded
Upright Mining faced citations for failing to submit a respirable dust sample and for inadequate roof support, with a proposed civil penalty of $578. An ALJ entered a default order after Upright did not answer a show-cause order, but the Commission found that Upright had filed its response before…
Chaney Creek Coal Corporation
Discrimination complaint settled and dismissed
Steve Collett alleged that Chaney Creek Coal discharged him after he made safety complaints about a shuttle car. The parties settled before the scheduled hearing, with Collett withdrawing his complaint and waiving further claims in exchange for $4,000 paid in two installments. Judge George A…
Secretary of Labor o/b/o Corbin v. Sugartree Corporation
Corbin claims dismissed after settlement
The Secretary brought a discrimination case on behalf of James Corbin, Robert Corbin, and A.C. Taylor against Sugartree Corporation, Terco, Inc., and Randal Lawson. The Corbin claims were resolved through a settlement that expunged references to their discharges and paid them $50,000 in damages…
The Great Lakes Construction Co.
Dump-truck brake citation withdrawn
A loaded Great Lakes Construction dump truck could not stop while descending a steep grade and was driven into a ditch after narrowly missing a bulldozer. The judge found that both rear brakes were inoperative, the foreman knew the brakes were bad, and the service-brake system could not stop the…
American Federation of Government Employees, National Council of SSA Field Operations Locals and Social Security Administration
SSA field office proposals (FLRA 0-NG-1304): Union access negotiable, two proposals dismissed
The union representing Social Security Administration field office employees sought bargaining over three proposals. The Authority rejected a restriction on assigning work to volunteers and student workers because it interfered with management's right to assign work. It also rejected a proposal…
Federal Union of Scientists and Engineers, NAGE Local R1-144 and Naval Underwater Systems Center
Naval Underwater Systems Center payroll proposals (FLRA 0-NG-1138): Two delivery proposals negotiable
The union proposed that the Naval Underwater Systems Center reimburse employees for losses when direct deposit failed, and mail paychecks and earnings statements to addresses employees chose. The Authority found no statutory authorization for reimbursing employees' resulting bank charges, so it…
Association of Civilian Technicians and Pennsylvania National Guard
Pennsylvania National Guard arbitration (FLRA 0-AR-1298): Late exceptions dismissed
The Pennsylvania National Guard filed exceptions to an arbitration award issued on December 23, 1986. The Authority calculated that the exceptions had to be mailed and postmarked, or delivered in person, by January 26, 1987. The Guard delivered them in person on January 28. The Authority dismissed…
Jim Walter Resources, Inc.
Miner transfer found discriminatory
Andy Brackner reported a methane ignition to a union safety committeeman after a foreman said he would not report it to MSHA. Jim Walter Resources then transferred Brackner from an electrician position on a longwall section to an electrician position on a continuous miner section, where overtime…
LTV Steel Company
Partial ruling remanded for reconsolidation
An OSHRC judge granted LTV Steel partial summary judgment and vacated one floor-opening item before resolving the other three contested items. The Commission held that the ruling reached it prematurely because the judge had not found good cause to sever the item and a single Commission member's…
Wap Coal Company
Discrimination settlement approved and case dismissed
Nicholas Ramirez brought a discrimination proceeding against Wap Coal Company. The parties filed a settlement agreement and jointly asked the judge to order compliance and dismiss the case. Judge William Fauver approved the motion, required the parties to comply with the settlement, and allowed…
Michael Brunson
Officer assessed individual penalty for brake violation
Michael Brunson was a vice president and the person listed in MSHA records as responsible for health and safety at a sand and gravel company. An employee told him that a front-end loader's brakes were defective about a week before MSHA found the loader operating without adequate brakes. Judge James…
What these documents are
- The agencies: Federal workers' compensation appeals from the Department of Labor's Employees' Compensation Appeals Board (ECAB), federal-sector labor-relations cases from the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), Longshore Act and Black Lung Benefits Act appeals from the Department of Labor's Benefits Review Board (BRB), precedent decisions of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB), and whistleblower and other labor appeals from the Department of Labor's Administrative Review Board (ARB). Each decision page names its agency.
- Commission, Board and Authority decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Authority at FLRA, the Board of Immigration Appeals, the Administrative Review Board at Labor, and the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
- ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
- Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
- Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.