Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

13,427 decisions and counting · Latest decision August 18, 2026
162 decisions William Fauver

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ALJ

Ramblin Coal Company, Inc.

Multiple mine-safety violations affirmed with $1,812 in penalties

Ramblin Coal Company operated Mine No. 8, a small coal mine employing about 20 people. Judge William Fauver found violations involving rock dust, electrical equipment, mine-road guarding, cutting-machine guarding, battery chargers, permissible equipment, compressed-gas cylinders, examination…

June 22, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Kem Coal Company

Damages ordered after discriminatory-discharge finding

An earlier decision found Kem Coal Company liable for discriminating against Charles T. Smith in violation of section 105(c) of the Mine Act. The parties stipulated that back pay and interest through April 30, 1992, totaled $46,157.12, and that attorney fees and costs totaled $6,247.50. Judge…

May 28, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

BethEnergy Mines, Inc.

Safeguard notice affirmed, conveyor citations vacated

BethEnergy's Mine No. 60 had a safeguard notice requiring at least 24 inches of clear travelway on both sides of belt conveyors. Judge William Fauver held that the safeguard was valid because it was based on the inspector's observations of narrow and obstructed travelways, but he found that the…

May 27, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

S and H Mining, Incorporated

Electrical orders affirmed with $800 penalties

S and H Mining operated an underground coal mine in Tennessee. Judge William Fauver found that a damaged cable-coupler lock and an improperly shielded high-voltage cable splice created serious electrical hazards and involved unwarrantable failure. He affirmed Orders 3174055 and 3174056 under the…

May 26, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Kem Coal Company

Discriminatory discharge finding reaffirmed on remand

The Commission remanded Charles T. Smith's discrimination case for additional credibility findings and analysis of whether his discharge was connected to protected safety activity. Judge William Fauver credited Smith's account, found that a supervisor gave management a distorted account of the…

April 28, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Corporation

Proceedings dismissed on unopposed motion

Mettiki Coal Corporation was involved in a contest proceeding and a related civil penalty proceeding. Judge William Fauver granted the Secretary's unopposed motion to dismiss and dismissed both proceedings. The short order does not state the underlying citation outcome or a penalty amount.

April 27, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Essroc Corporation

Monetary relief ordered after discrimination finding

Essroc Corporation operated a cement grinding plant where Clifford Meek had been denied employment after engaging in protected safety-related activity. An earlier decision found discrimination, and this order resolved the remaining question of monetary relief. Judge William Fauver ordered Essroc to…

March 31, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Settlement motion denied over proposed S&S reductions

Consolidation Coal Company faced citations at its Dilworth Mine for an obstructed travelway and missing insulating mats near electrical control boxes. The parties proposed reducing several significant-and-substantial designations, but Judge William Fauver found that the proposal did not show the…

March 26, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Tunnelton Mining Company

Settlement motion denied

Tunnelton Mining Company sought approval of a settlement for a citation alleging that a roof-bolter trailing cable was not effectively insulated and did not exclude moisture. The proposed settlement would have reduced the alleged violation from significant and substantial to non-significant and…

March 11, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Shick, employed by Muncie Sand & Gravel, Inc.

Knowing brake violation affirmed with $400 penalty

Robert Shick was the mine superintendent at an open-pit sand and gravel mine. MSHA found that a front-end loader had defective service brakes but was still used to load customer trucks and travel on inclined haulage roads. Judge William Fauver found that Shick knowingly authorized and ordered the…

February 18, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Essroc Corporation

Discrimination proceeding kept open for monetary relief

Clifford Meek brought a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against Essroc Corporation. An earlier decision found that Essroc discriminated against him by refusing to employ him because of his protected activities, but left monetary relief for a later decision. Judge William Fauver formally denied…

January 31, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Shamrock Coal Company, Inc.

Discrimination relief ordered

Shamrock Coal was previously found to have discharged Lonnie Ross and Charles Gilbert because they made safety complaints. Judge William Fauver set the monetary relief for both miners, including back pay, interest, medical costs, retirement-account tax penalties, tax withholdings, litigation costs…

January 28, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

David L. Stritzel

Stay lifted and discrimination case dismissed

David L. Stritzel brought a Mine Act discrimination proceeding against the Secretary of Labor, MSHA, and two individuals. The case had been stayed while the Court of Appeals considered Wagner v. Secretary of Labor. After that court affirmed the Commission's ruling that MSHA and its employees acting…

January 21, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

T & T Fuels Incorporated

Settlement partly approved, S&S reduction denied

T & T Fuels proposed a settlement covering four citations, including a request to reduce one citation from significant and substantial to non-S&S, lower the negligence allegation, and reduce the penalty to $63. Judge William Fauver denied the requested S&S reduction because the motion did not show…

January 8, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Secretary of Labor v. S & H Mining, Incorporated

Imminent-danger order vacated, citation affirmed

S & H Mining operated an underground coal mine where high-voltage power lines were measured at heights below 15 feet above ground. The judge found that the condition created a substantial possibility of serious injury because the area was accessible to the public and electrical examiners, but the…

January 8, 1992 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Clifford Meek v. Essroc Corporation

Discrimination found, employment ordered

Clifford Meek alleged that Essroc Corporation refused to employ him at a cement grinding plant because he had raised safety concerns with an MSHA inspector. The judge found that Essroc was a successor to the prior operator and that the prior management officials who recommended against hiring Meek…

December 24, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

El Dorado Chemical Company

Settlement approval denied for truck steering citation

El Dorado Chemical Company faced a civil penalty proceeding over a truck used to haul explosives. MSHA alleged that the truck's steering section was loose, creating a risk that the bolts could break and the driver could lose steering control. The Secretary proposed reducing the alleged…

November 18, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Carroll Frank Bluemel, Employed by South Texas Aggregates, Incorporated

Individual penalty assessed for knowingly authorizing hazardous equipment use

Carroll Frank Bluemel was the mine superintendent at South Texas Aggregates' Helotes Mine. After a front-end loader fire injured an operator, Bluemel later authorized use of another loader even though he knew or had reason to know that its hydraulic system and emergency engine shutoff remained…

October 10, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Coal Mac Incorporated

Settlement partly approved with S&S findings retained

Coal Mac operated the Coal Mac No. 17 and No. 7 Surface mines. The parties sought to reduce several significant-and-substantial designations and civil penalties across citations involving mobile equipment, storage, explosives, brakes, guards, and other safety conditions. Judge William Fauver…

September 25, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Hickory Coal Company

Final order sets $600 penalty in three installments

A prior decision found that Hickory Coal violated section 103(a) of the Mine Act, and the case remained open for civil-penalty assessment. Judge William Fauver noted that the Department of Justice had obtained a default judgment for unpaid penalties and that the company was discussing a payment…

September 23, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Toler Creek Energy, Inc.

Settlement partly approved and merger requests denied

Toler Creek Energy asked the judge to approve a settlement covering citations and orders at its No. 1 and No. 2 Mines. Judge William Fauver approved reduced penalties for six citations and orders, totaling $4,850, and required payment within 30 days. He denied requests to merge several other…

September 19, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Shamrock Coal Company, Inc.

Discriminatory discharges found

Shamrock Coal operated an underground coal mine where Lonnie Ross and Charles Gilbert worked on a maintenance crew. They complained about doing electrical work without certified mine electricians, the pressure created by a 10-hour work schedule, and the failure to replace a crew member on vacation…

September 18, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

Manalapan Mining Company, Inc.

Ventilation citation vacated after airflow testing

Manalapan Mining Company operated an underground coal mine. MSHA alleged that ventilation air for a working section was passing through a gob area and cited 30 C.F.R. § 75.312. The judge found that the air movement observed in front of nine curtains was caused by a swirling effect from a…

August 9, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Company

Proceedings concluded after penalty settlement

Mettiki Coal Company contested two citations issued at the Mettiki General Prep Plant. The order states that a penalty settlement for both citations was approved on July 12, 1991, in Docket No. YORK 89-42. Because the settlement resolved the two proceedings, the judge ordered that all proceedings…

August 8, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Green River Coal Company, Inc.

Methane and coal-dust findings mixed

Green River Coal operated an underground coal mine with three consolidated dockets. The judge found that methane in a return-air split violated the requirement to reduce methane below one percent and that the operator’s failure to act on a recorded methane reading was unwarrantable. The judge also…

August 6, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

R B Coal Company, Inc.

Water-pressure order affirmed, $1,000 penalty assessed

R B Coal operated an underground coal mine in Kentucky. The judge found that the mine violated its approved ventilation, methane, and dust control plan because a continuous miner could not maintain the required 75 psi water pressure. The judge also found that the violation was highly negligent…

July 30, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Beechgrove Processing Co.

Four coal preparation plant citations affirmed

Beechgrove Processing operated a coal preparation plant with about 17 employees. MSHA cited dangerous float coal dust, grease and hay accumulations, a discharged fire extinguisher, and an improperly guarded belt and pulley. Judge William Fauver found each condition violated its cited standard and…

July 15, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Company

Settlement approved with $800 penalty

Mettiki Coal Company faced a civil penalty proceeding involving its Mettiki General Preparation Plant. The Secretary of Labor asked the judge to approve a settlement and dismiss the case. Judge William Fauver found the settlement consistent with the Mine Act's penalty criteria, approved it, and…

July 12, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Hickory Coal Company

Inspection-access citation and withdrawal order affirmed

Hickory Coal operated the Slope No. 1 underground mine in Pennsylvania. The owner denied federal mine inspectors access to the mine during an inspection and continued to deny entry when they returned, leading to a citation and a withdrawal order under the Mine Act. Judge William Fauver found the…

July 2, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Ramblin Coal Company, Inc.

Settlements approved, citation vacated, proceedings stayed

These consolidated proceedings involved three Ramblin Coal dockets at the No. 5 and No. 8 Mines. Judge William Fauver approved a $105 settlement in KENT 90-428 and approved three settlements totaling $223 in KENT 90-429. He granted the Secretary's motion to vacate Citation No. 3367869 in KENT…

July 1, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Edwin E. Espey, Jr., Employed by Espey Silica Sand Company

Individual penalty imposed for knowingly permitting unsafe access

MSHA found unguarded floor openings and a broken support beam at the Espey Pit and Plant, an open pit silica sand operation in San Antonio, Texas. The conditions created a risk that a person or material could fall through the floor and cause permanently disabling or fatal injuries, violating the…

June 7, 1991 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Peabody Coal Company

Walkaround pay violation affirmed

Peabody Coal operated the Sundial No. 10-B Mine. During a joint federal and state investigation of a roof fall, the company paid one miners' representative who accompanied the state inspector but refused to pay Ernest Eugene White, who accompanied the federal inspector. Judge William Fauver held…

October 11, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Collier Stone

Discrimination complaint dismissed

Robert A. Cook alleged that Collier Stone fired him after he reported equipment safety defects to an MSHA inspector at the company's Pennsylvania open pit crushed-stone and aggregate mine. Judge William Fauver found that Cook had engaged in protected activity, but the evidence did not prove that…

October 4, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

Dravo Basic Materials Company, Inc.

Settlement approved with reinstatement and backpay

Alonzo Walker was found to have been discharged in violation of the Mine Act from his dragline operator job at the Selma Mine. In this order, Judge William Fauver approved a settlement between Walker, Dravo Basic Materials, and R & S Materials. The settlement required $5,890.63 in backpay, $75 in…

September 28, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Roger Deel, employed by Blackfoot Coal Company, Inc.

Roof-control penalty reduced to $50

MSHA charged Roger Deel, a section foreman at Blackfoot Coal Company's No. 1 Mine, with knowingly violating the mine's roof-control requirements. The judge found that Deel followed a management practice of mining from left to right even though the roof-control plan required mining from right to…

September 19, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Bill Pack Land Corporation and PCR Joint Venture

Fire-control settlements approved

These consolidated civil penalty proceedings involved a coal-mine refuse pile in West Virginia that had been burning for more than 50 years. After a hearing and settlement conference, Bill Pack Land Corporation and PCR Joint Venture agreed to reduced penalties, fire-control and extinguishing plans…

May 16, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Beth Energy Mines, Inc.

Belt travelway safeguards affirmed

MSHA cited Beth Energy after finding obstructions that narrowed the tight-side travelways alongside two belt conveyors below the 24-inch width required by a safeguard notice. Judge William Fauver held that the notice was valid because it tracked a published safeguard criterion and that the…

April 19, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Company

Lockout violations affirmed and imminent-danger order modified

Mettiki Coal operated the Mettiki General Preparation Plant. An MSHA inspection found that a padlocked disconnect breaker for a conveyor could still be turned on because its lockout device was defective. Judge William Fauver found violations of 30 C.F.R. §§ 77.502 and 77.507, but concluded that the…

April 9, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Arch of Kentucky, Inc.

Two citations vacated

Arch of Kentucky operated Mine No. 37, a longwall coal mine. After an April coal outburst, MSHA approved a supplemental roof control plan requiring remote operation from shields 85 to 104. Following a May outburst that injured a shearer operator, MSHA cited the company for allegedly violating the…

March 19, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Arch of Kentucky, Inc.

Fatality-related machinery citations affirmed

Arch of Kentucky operated the High Splint No. 2 Mine. During a repair of a continuous mining machine, a maintenance foreman used the machine's tram motor and chain to remove a shaft, even though that method was not a recommended maintenance procedure. The chain broke and the foreman died. Judge…

March 16, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Company

Stay lifted and $78 penalty due

The Secretary sought a civil penalty for a citation that was also being litigated in a related contest proceeding. The penalty case was stayed while the contest decision was reviewed by the Commission. After the Commission affirmed the citation and the $78 penalty in the contest case, Judge William…

March 1, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Walker Stone Company, Inc.

Eleven safety citations affirmed with negligence findings modified

Walker Stone operated a surface limestone quarry and mill. MSHA alleged eleven violations involving guarding, electrical grounding, conveyor warnings, fuel-tank signage, power-switch labeling, cable fittings, and defects in a fuel-delivery truck. Judge William Fauver found every cited violation…

February 27, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Day Branch Coal Company Inc.

Roof and fire-suppression violations affirmed

Day Branch Coal Company operated an underground coal mine. MSHA alleged that miners traveled under unsupported roof, warning devices were missing, roof supports did not follow the mine plan, roof bolts were damaged, and a conveyor-belt fire-suppression system was inoperative. The judge found the…

February 26, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Harlan Cumberland Coal Company

Penalty corrected from $525 to $475

The judge amended his January 30, 1990 decision to correct a clerical error in the penalty amounts stated in the order. The corrected order changes the penalties from $525 to $475. The amendment covers the KENT 88-191 and KENT 88-192 civil penalty proceedings involving H-2 Mine and C-2 Mine. The…

February 8, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Moltan Company

Electrical-cabinet citation affirmed

Moltan Company's kiln operator had to reach into an electrical cabinet to reset motor starter controls while exposed 480-volt conductors and terminals remained energized. The judge found that the reset controls were operating controls covered by 30 C.F.R. § 56.12040. He also found that the…

January 31, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Harlan Cumberland Coal Company

Methane-related citations affirmed

Harlan Cumberland Coal Company operated two underground coal mines where inspectors found an impermissible opening in a continuous miner's breaker box and methane moving from an abandoned area into an active working section. The judge found that the first condition could contribute to a serious…

January 30, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Company

Citation vacated and case dismissed

The Secretary moved to vacate Citation No. 3110387 in a civil penalty proceeding against Mettiki Coal Company. Judge William Fauver granted the motion for good cause. The case was dismissed, and the decision does not state the underlying safety standard or provide further facts about the citation.

January 18, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Company

Ventilation order vacated and other violations affirmed

Mettiki Coal Company faced consolidated proceedings involving ventilation, hoist-cable, and roof-control issues at the Mettiki Mine. Judge William Fauver vacated the order alleging that the mine's ventilation plan was violated because the cited areas carried intake air and complied with the plan…

January 12, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Company

Safeguard, citation, and order vacated

Mettiki Coal Company was cited after an inspector found water and mud in approaches to mine seals and issued a safeguard requiring clear, safe travelways. The ALJ found that the safeguard addressed a hazard common to underground mines and had bypassed the formal rulemaking process used for…

January 12, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Cargill, Inc.

Wilbur Hartley v. Cargill, Inc. (FMSHRC YORK 89-41-DM): Complaint dismissed by default

Wilbur Hartley's discrimination proceeding against Cargill, Inc. concerned the Cargill Salt Mine. The Judge had ordered Hartley to file a prehearing statement after continuing the proceeding and later issued a show-cause order when the statement was not filed. Hartley did not respond to the…

January 12, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Corporation

Both citations vacated

Mettiki Coal Corporation operated the Mettiki Mine, where miners used track-mounted personnel carriers and belt conveyors. The ALJ vacated a citation concerning a parked personnel carrier because the underlying safeguard was invalid and the Secretary was collaterally estopped from relitigating that…

January 12, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Corporation

Settlement approved and contest dismissed

Mettiki Coal Corporation and the Secretary proposed a settlement covering a civil penalty proceeding and a related citation contest. Judge William Fauver approved the settlement, modified Citation No. 3110113 to remove its significant and substantial designation, and assessed $100 for that…

January 12, 1990 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Mathies Coal Company

Back pay and litigation expenses ordered

Joseph G. Delisio and Mathies Coal Company stipulated to the amount of back pay with interest and litigation expenses after an earlier decision on liability. Judge William Fauver ordered the company to pay $99 in back pay with accrued interest and $2,000 in litigation expenses, including a…

December 29, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Mettiki Coal Company

Electrical-equipment citation vacated

Mettiki Coal Company used diesel locomotives underground at its mine. MSHA cited the company for not recording a weekly examination under 30 C.F.R. § 75.512, which applies to electrical equipment. Judge William Fauver held that the standard did not cover diesel-powered locomotives merely because…

December 4, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Peabody Coal Company

Discrimination complaint dismissed for lack of jurisdiction

Judge William Fauver issued a show-cause order giving Donald R. Babbs an opportunity to explain why his discrimination complaint should not be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. Babbs did not respond by the deadline. The judge therefore dismissed the proceeding for lack of jurisdiction.

August 2, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Virgnia Carbon, Inc.

Temporary reinstatement ordered after safety complaint

John L. Jones, Jr. worked as a scoop operator at Virginia Carbon's Mine No. 4 and was discharged after refusing to sign an examination book and leaving a note about miners working under unsupported roof. Judge William Fauver found that the evidence showed a substantial, nonfrivolous basis for the…

June 9, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Other
ALJ

Florence Mining Company

Remand penalty reduced to $100

The Commission had affirmed Florence Mining Company's violation of 30 C.F.R. § 75.1704, reversed the findings of unwarrantable failure and significant and substantial violation, and remanded the case for reconsideration of the civil penalty. On remand, Judge William Fauver considered the Mine Act…

June 9, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Green River Coal Company

Settlement approved and $6,800 assessed

Green River Coal Company faced consolidated civil penalty proceedings involving Mine No. 9 under the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act. At the hearing, the parties first proposed reducing the penalties from $7,100 to $5,400 and changing two section 104(d)(1) orders to section 104(a) citations…

June 9, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

A. H. Smith Stone Company

Backup alarm violation affirmed with $395 penalty

A. H. Smith Stone Company operated a Terex front-end loader at its Louisa Plant without an operable backup alarm. The judge found that the condition had continued for about two weeks, exposed people on foot in the loading area to a high risk of serious injury, and supported high negligence and a…

May 8, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Consolidation Coal Company

Compensation complaint dismissed on withdrawal

Local Union 9909, District 31, United Mine Workers of America, filed a compensation proceeding against Consolidation Coal Company concerning the Loveridge No. 22 Mine. The union requested permission to withdraw its complaint. Judge William Fauver granted the request and dismissed the case. The…

April 21, 1989 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Procedural

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.