Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

7,177 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
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ALJ

Todd Joseph Properties

Fall and scaffold violations affirmed

Todd Joseph Properties was demolishing a church when OSHA observed two employees working near an unprotected second-floor edge about 15 feet above the ground. One employee also climbed a scaffold frame without a ladder and worked on its top platform without adequate fall protection. The judge found…

February 21, 2012 ·Covette Rooney
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Daisy Construction Company

Willful trench violations affirmed

Daisy Construction was installing underground conduit during a road project when employees worked for hours in a trench more than seven feet deep with vertical walls and no cave-in protection. The foreman and the acting superintendent both saw the work, knew trench protection was required, and did…

February 21, 2012 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Modified
ALJ

Cambria Contracting, Inc.

Asbestos violations reduced from willful to serious

Cambria Contracting removed trash and debris from the basements of interconnected abandoned warehouse buildings where friable asbestos pipe insulation was damaged and missing. Its employees used powered equipment, brooms, and shovels in debris later shown to contain asbestos. OSHA cited eleven…

February 21, 2012 ·G. Marvin Bober
Modified
COMM

Nuprecon, LP d/b/a Nuprecon Acquisition, LP

Fall citation affirmed for work near open edge

Nuprecon employees were demolishing an aircraft hangar beside a 21-foot-wide unprotected opening with a 36-foot drop. The Commission rejected the judge's exposure finding for a Bobcat operator because the fall standard's definition of a walking or working surface excludes vehicles, and the record…

February 7, 2012
Citations affirmed
COMM

Shaw Areva Mox Services, LLC

Electrical grounding citation vacated

OSHA cited Shaw Areva after finding a three-plug adaptor and a fuel-pump cord with missing grounding prongs at a nuclear-fuel facility construction project. The Commission held that the grounding-path standard applied to the adaptor because it functioned as a multiple receptacle that was required…

February 6, 2012
Citations vacated
ALJ

All Steel Consultants, Inc.

Roofing citations partly affirmed

All Steel Consultants was installing metal roofing when OSHA observed four employees working without tying off and two others using lifelines with enough slack to contact the lower roof in a fall. The foreman knew the company's tie-off rule but allowed employees to work without following it, and he…

January 18, 2012 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Mixed result
ALJ

Boh Brothers Construction Co., LLC.

Lifeline citation vacated on remand

OSHA cited Boh Brothers after a bridge-work accident, alleging that more than five employees were tied to a horizontal lifeline designed to support no more than five. The judge originally affirmed the citation, but the Commission remanded for clearer credibility findings and reconsideration of the…

January 18, 2012 ·G. Marvin Bober
Citations vacated
COMM

Barnhart, Inc.

Settlement approved after construction-safety decision

OSHA cited Barnhart, the controlling contractor on a Marine Corps barracks renovation, for electrical, floor-hole, fall-protection, training, and inspection issues involving its subcontractors. The appended judge's decision had affirmed three items involving temporary cords, uncovered floor holes…

December 6, 2011
Settled
ALJ

21st Century Roofing Systems, Inc.

Roof fall citations affirmed by default

OSHA observed 21st Century Roofing employees working near the edge of a low-slope roof without adequate fall protection. The warning line was only about 2.5 to 4 feet from the edge instead of the required 6 feet, and employees worked outside it near a roughly 25-foot drop without a safety monitor…

December 5, 2011 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Era-Valdivia Contractors, Inc.

Independent lifeline item affirmed

Era-Valdivia employees painted a water tower from suspended Spider baskets about 80 feet above the ground. One painter climbed outside his basket and tied his harness lanyard to the scaffold's suspension cable instead of an independent lifeline. The judge vacated a general-duty item based on…

November 28, 2011 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Mixed result
ALJ

Eutaw Construction Company, Inc.

Controlling-employer trench citation affirmed

Eutaw Construction was the general contractor for a sewer-line project where a subcontractor worked in a 14-foot-deep bore pit. The excavation was dug in unstable Type C soil, and its protective system had trench boxes several feet above the bottom, gaps, a damaged support, water seepage, erosion…

November 14, 2011 ·Ken S. Welsch
Modified
ALJ

Sand Cut Properties, LLC.

Willful excavation violations affirmed

Sand Cut Properties sent an employee into an excavation that was 6 to 9 feet deep, accumulating water, and repeatedly collapsing in unstable soil. A roughly 15-foot-high spoil pile overhung the edge, and the owner directed the employee to attach a sling to a concrete structure before the collapsing…

November 10, 2011 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Modified
ALJ

Consolidated Grain & Barge Co.

Two grain-bin items vacated

Consolidated Grain & Barge employees entered a grain bin while a partially guarded sweep auger was operating. The judge found that CGB's instructions to remain a safe distance behind the auger and its use of an outside attendant were not equally effective alternatives to deenergizing or positively…

October 26, 2011 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Mixed result
COMM

Conoco Phillips Bayway Refinery

Asbestos items reclassified as serious

The Commission had previously affirmed nine asbestos-in-construction items as other-than-serious and assessed $350 per item. The Third Circuit vacated that order and directed the Commission to classify the violations as serious and reconsider the penalties. On remand, the Commission considered that…

October 25, 2011
Modified
ALJ

Florida Power and Light Company

Arc-flash citations affirmed

An electrical contractor at Miami International Airport needed Florida Power and Light to open a meter can and remove a protective plate so it could replace wiring and a breaker. The FPL employee raised an energized bypass handle without first asking what work had been done or inspecting the…

October 24, 2011 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Citations affirmed
ALJ

NRG Sound & Communications, LLC.

Worker found to be an employee

NRG Sound & Communications installed speakers on a school football stadium roof using an aerial lift. NRG claimed that the second worker was a silent partner or independent contractor rather than an employee, but both men initially identified him as an employee and described NRG's owner as the…

October 12, 2011 ·Covette Rooney
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Haberle Steel, Inc.

Unsecured steel plate citation affirmed

Haberle Steel stored large steel plates on edge in an outdoor rack at its Pennsylvania fabrication shop. An employee died after a nearly vertical plate tipped and pinned him against another plate. OSHA cited the company under the material-storage standard because nothing prevented that plate from…

October 7, 2011 ·Covette Rooney
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Daniel Crowe Roof Repair and its Successors

Fall protection and training citations affirmed

Daniel Crowe Roof Repair hired two roofers to replace a residential roof in Pennsylvania, and one inexperienced worker fell about 17 feet and suffered multiple fractures. The judge found that the roofers were employees, not independent contractors, because Crowe controlled the work, supplied the…

September 29, 2011 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Citations affirmed
COMM

Southern Scrap Materials Co., Inc.

Lead, cadmium, first-aid, and guarding violations yield $114,500 penalty

Southern Scrap Materials operated a Louisiana scrap-recycling facility where workers torch cut metal and used industrial machinery. The Commission rejected the company's broad challenges to OSHA's inspection, testing, and the validity of the lead and cadmium standards. It found that Southern…

September 28, 2011
Mixed result
COMM

Bill Jones Repair & Reroofs, Inc.

Timely-contest evidence requires further proceedings

OSHA cited Bill Jones Repair & Reroofs for four serious construction violations and proposed $10,000 in penalties. An administrative law judge dismissed what appeared to be a late notice of contest and affirmed the citations. On review, the company produced a letter apparently faxed to OSHA within…

September 22, 2011
Remanded
COMM

Aerospace Manufacturing CT Systems, LLC

Civil case stayed during criminal review

After a workplace fatality, OSHA issued Aerospace Manufacturing a willful citation and referred the matter to the Department of Justice for possible criminal proceedings. The administrative law judge denied the Secretary's request to stay the Commission case because no indictment had been issued…

September 22, 2011
Procedural
ALJ

T & F Systems, Inc.

Willful low-slope roof fall violation affirmed

T & F Systems employees installed roofing material on an Ohio high school roof about 25 feet above lower levels. The judge found that the roof was about 80 feet wide, so a safety-monitoring system alone could not satisfy the cited fall-protection standard. The evidence also showed that the company…

September 19, 2011 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Broan-Nutone Storage Solutions, LP

Power-press supervision and guarding violations affirmed

A Broan-Nutone machine operator's hand was amputated when a mechanical power press cycled while she was clearing a jam. The judge found that she received almost no instruction or supervision when assigned to the press, which lacked the light-curtain protection used on the facility's other presses…

September 16, 2011 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Citations affirmed
COMM

Otis Elevator Company

Remaining fall-protection item withdrawn

OSHA cited Otis Elevator over fall protection used while installing a new elevator platform system. The administrative law judge vacated two scaffold-based allegations but affirmed an alternative allegation that employee lifelines were attached to the same overhead beam used for the platform's…

September 8, 2011
Citations vacated
COMM

Ford Motor Company – Buffalo Stamping Plant

Crane-inspection dispute remanded for factfinding

OSHA issued Ford's Buffalo Stamping Plant a willful citation alleging that unsafe crane conditions were not corrected before operation resumed. The administrative law judge granted summary judgment to Ford and vacated the citation. The Commission found genuine factual disputes over what Ford's…

August 30, 2011
Remanded
ALJ

Tecta America New England, LLC

Unprotected roof-edge work results in serious citation

Two Tecta roofing employees worked near the edge of a commercial roof about 20 feet above the ground without tying off their available fall-protection equipment. The working foreman's knowledge of the condition was imputed to the company. Tecta argued that the conduct was unpreventable because it…

August 24, 2011 ·G. Marvin Bober
Citations affirmed
ALJ

B & B Underground Contractors

Excavation and gas-cylinder violations yield $8,000 penalty

B & B Underground Contractors operated a deep boring pit for a wastewater pipeline project in Alabama. The judge affirmed a serious violation for unsecured gas cylinders and found that the pit's only ramp was unsafe and more than 25 feet from employees' work area. Water was accumulating in the pit…

August 22, 2011 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Mixed result
ALJ

Stellar Management Group d/b/a QSI

Eye protection required during poultry-equipment rinsing

Stellar Management employees used high-pressure, heated water to clean poultry-processing equipment without eye protection. The spray blasted and splashed bone, blood, and chicken particles from equipment while employees worked within three or four feet. The judge found a serious eye hazard and…

August 22, 2011 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Archon Construction

Unprotected trench violation affirmed as repeat

Two Archon employees entered a six-foot-deep trench with steep walls and no cave-in protection to cut an existing sewer pipe. The judge found that the foreman knew the trench's physical condition, even though he mistakenly believed it was less than five feet deep. That mistaken belief prevented a…

August 19, 2011 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Mixed result
ALJ

Southern Solar

Ladder-use and training items vacated for insufficient proof

A Southern Solar employee used a stepladder that did not extend three feet above the parapet used as the upper landing surface. The judge found that OSHA did not prove the company's lead worker knew or reasonably should have known how that ladder was being used. OSHA also cited Southern Solar for…

August 11, 2011 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Citations vacated
ALJ

O'Connell Electric Company, Inc.

PPE selection and hazard-certification items affirmed

O'Connell Electric crews performed electrical replacement and maintenance work at a university building where some 34,500-volt switches remained energized. An electrician entered an energized switch cabinet outside the crew's assigned work and suffered severe burns in an arc flash. The judge found…

July 27, 2011 ·John H. Schumacher
Mixed result
ALJ

DeWitt Excavating, Inc.

Willful unprotected-trench violation affirmed

Three DeWitt Excavating employees worked in an eight-foot-deep Type C soil excavation with nearly vertical walls and no cave-in protection. The foreman knew protection was required but proceeded without using one of the company's available trench boxes. The judge rejected DeWitt's…

July 25, 2011 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Schaer Development of Central Florida

Improper excavation slope affirmed

Schaer Development installed a manhole in a Florida excavation that reached about 14 feet deep near a highway. OSHA cited spoil piles and a track hoe located within two feet of the edge, but the judge vacated that item because the Secretary did not prove the material or equipment could fall or roll…

July 22, 2011 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Mixed result
COMM

Cranesville Aggregate Companies, Inc., d/b/a Scotia Bag Plant; and Cranesville Block Company, Inc.

Discovery orders narrowed and cases resumed

Cranesville sought internal OSHA memoranda and depositions of three Mine Safety and Health Administration employees to support a jurisdictional defense. The Commission held that two OSHA memoranda were protected in full by the work-product privilege and should not have been disclosed, even in…

July 13, 2011
Procedural
COMM

Delek Refining, LTD.

Third-party report privilege requires in-camera review

After a refinery explosion and fire, OSHA issued process-safety citations and subpoenaed a draft technical report prepared by an outside consultant. Delek claimed the report was protected by attorney-client privilege, but the judge denied its motion to quash without reviewing the document. The…

July 11, 2011
Procedural
ALJ

Central Building & Preservation

Unprotected 200-foot roof edge results in serious citation

A foreman and laborer worked inches from the edge of a Chicago building about 200 feet above the ground with their harnesses unattached. OSHA personnel observed and photographed the condition from an office across the street. The foreman's participation established employer knowledge, and the…

July 8, 2011 ·Sidney J. Goldstein
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Caterpillar Logistics Services, Inc.

Work-related elbow illness should have been recorded

A Caterpillar employee developed epicondylitis while repeatedly scanning and handling parts in a distribution facility. The condition led to work restrictions, time away from work, reassignment, and medical treatment. The judge found the company's same-day ergonomic review deficient because it…

June 30, 2011 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Dandelion Inn

Late contests dismissed and citations left final

OSHA issued Dandelion Inn two sets of citations with combined proposed penalties of $4,450. The hotel filed its notices of contest months after the applicable 15-working-day deadlines. It argued that confusion, abatement submissions, staff changes, unreturned calls, and the informal-conference…

June 24, 2011 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Procedural
ALJ

Ultra Commercial Interiors, Inc.

Unsecured and unmarked floor-cover violations affirmed

An Ultra Commercial Interiors foreman stepped on an unsecured plywood board that covered a floor opening and fell 16 feet, sustaining serious knee and ankle injuries. The cover was neither secured nor marked as a hole or cover. The judge found constructive knowledge because company supervisors knew…

June 23, 2011 ·Stephen J. Simko, Jr.
Mixed result
ALJ

Chicago Bridge & Iron

Crane swing-radius barricade violation affirmed

Chicago Bridge used a crane with a broken swing-radius barricade while constructing a water tower. A walkway to the job trailer passed through the crane's danger zone, and employees worked nearby while cylinders were moved. The judge found employee access reasonably predictable even apart from…

June 22, 2011 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Citations affirmed
ALJ

M.C. Dean, Inc.

Unguarded skylight violation affirmed after fatal fall

An M.C. Dean electrician went onto a warehouse roof to inspect exhaust fans and fell through an unguarded skylight nearly 26 feet to the floor. He died from his injuries two weeks later. The judge found constructive knowledge because the onsite field supervisor failed to inspect the unfamiliar…

June 22, 2011 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Modern Building Solutions, LLC

Steep-roof fall violation affirmed at church project

A Modern Building Solutions worker replaced missing roof-sheathing nails and removed boards on an 8-in-12 church roof without conventional fall protection. The judge found the church was a commercial project, so the alternative residential-construction provision did not apply. The inspection…

June 20, 2011 ·Ken S. Welsch
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Framers R Us, Inc.

Ladder violations affirmed and repeat fall item vacated

Framers R Us employees used a closed A-frame ladder as the only access to the third level of a motel construction project. The judge held the company responsible even though it did not own or place the ladder because its employees used it and the company took no alternative protective steps. The…

June 20, 2011 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
ALJ

Summer & Winter Contruction, LLC

Roofing safety violations yield $89,000 in penalties

OSHA inspected Summer & Winter roofing crews at two New Hampshire sites and found extensive fall-protection and related safety violations. At the first site, workers used body belts, shared anchors, worked beneath a raised lift, used a damaged ladder, and accessed a steep roof without compliant…

June 15, 2011 ·Dennis L. Phillips
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Southern Crushed Concrete

OSHA citations vacated because MSHA had jurisdiction

Southern Crushed Concrete operated an integrated sand-dredging and processing facility in Texas. OSHA cited conditions at a pug mill where dried sand was mixed with a small amount of cement to produce stabilized sand. The judge found that the pug mill was technologically and geographically…

June 8, 2011 ·James R. Rucker, Jr.
Citations vacated
ALJ

Ben Hur Construction Company

Partial EAJA fee award granted after citations were vacated

Ben Hur Construction prevailed after OSHA withdrew or the judge vacated citations arising from a fatal crane-disassembly accident. The company then sought attorney fees and expenses under the Equal Access to Justice Act. The judge found the Secretary substantially justified in pursuing the…

June 2, 2011 ·Ken S. Welsch
Procedural
ALJ

Sanchez Arango Construction

Four violations affirmed and two vacated

OSHA cited Sanchez Arango Construction after an inspector saw an employee working about twenty-five feet above the ground without tying off. The judge affirmed serious violations for using a damaged synthetic sling and failing to provide fall protection, rejecting the employee-misconduct defense…

May 19, 2011 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Mixed result
COMM

Birdair, Inc.

Compliance officer's phone records protected by informer's privilege

Birdair subpoenaed the personal cellular-phone records of the OSHA compliance officer who investigated it. The Commission held that the informer's privilege protected the records because phone numbers, call frequency, and call duration could identify people who assisted OSHA and reveal how much…

April 27, 2011
Procedural
COMM

Altor, Inc., and/or Avcon, Inc.

Eight willful items affirmed with $412,000 penalty

OSHA cited extensive hard-hat, open-edge, and floor-hole hazards during construction of a sixteen-story concrete building. The Commission held that Altor and Avcon operated as a single employer because they shared a worksite, management, ownership, office support, and integrated operations. The…

April 26, 2011
Modified
COMM

KS Energy Services, Inc.

Review withdrawn and judge's decision made final

The Commission vacated its earlier direction for review of the case. As a result, the administrative law judge's decision became the Commission's final order on April 26, 2011. The order does not discuss the underlying citations or explain why review was withdrawn. It expressly states that the…

April 26, 2011
Procedural
COMM

Trinity Yachts, LLC, and its Successors

Argon-training case remanded for excluded testimony

After a welder died while working with argon in a yacht's enclosed vent trunk, the judge affirmed a training violation but vacated atmospheric-testing and mechanical-ventilation items. The Commission did not decide the merits. It held that the judge improperly cut off testimony from Trinity's…

April 26, 2011
Remanded
ALJ

ADM Milling Company

Manlift guarding citation vacated under grandfather provision

OSHA cited ADM Milling for failing to guard the lower pulley and moving steps of a continuous-belt manlift installed in 1954. The judge held that the manlift standard's grandfather provision, reinforced by OSHA's own 1991 interpretation letter, made the standard inapplicable to manlifts installed…

April 25, 2011 ·Benjamin R. Loye
Citations vacated
COMM

Waterford Aluminum Company, Inc.

Pro se default set aside and case remanded

A judge entered default against Waterford Aluminum after the company failed to answer the Secretary's complaint or respond to a show-cause order. The Commission set the default aside because the record did not establish that Waterford received the show-cause order, a broken water pipe had closed…

April 25, 2011
Remanded
ALJ

Korte Construction Co.

Flexible-cord damage citation vacated

Korte Construction routed two heavy-duty electrical cables and a smaller extension cord through friction-hinged windows at a construction project. OSHA alleged that the cords were insufficiently protected from sharp edges and pinch-point damage. The judge found that the heavy rubber sheathing…

April 14, 2011 ·Patrick B. Augustine
Citations vacated
ALJ

Benise-Dowling, Inc.

Fire-suppression and eyewash violations affirmed

OSHA cited conditions at Benise-Dowling's powder-coating facility during a follow-up inspection. The judge affirmed a serious violation because a new electrostatic spray booth lacked automatic fire suppression, rejecting the company's claim that an earlier OSHA discussion deprived it of fair…

April 8, 2011 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
ALJ

Revoli Construction Company, Inc.

Gas-line excavation violations affirmed

A Revoli crew severed an unmarked gas main while excavating near a school. The judge found that Revoli's training was inadequately documented and was delivered in English to workers with limited English proficiency without a reliable method to ensure comprehension. He also credited a police officer…

April 7, 2011 ·John H. Schumacher
Citations affirmed
COMM

Avcon, Inc., Vasilios Saites, and Nicholas Saites

Fall-protection violations largely affirmed with $77,350 penalty

OSHA cited numerous hazards during construction of an eighteen-story concrete building. The Commission dismissed Bill and Nick Saites individually because the Secretary added them after the six-month limitations period and did not show that their original omission resulted from a mistake that would…

April 5, 2011
Modified
ALJ

Winesburg Builders, LLC

Defective lifting-sling violation affirmed

Winesburg used a visibly cut and frayed nylon sling, with its safety thread showing, to lift construction beams. The judge rejected the company's argument that the sling was not defective because later testing showed it could withstand a 6,000-pound load. A foreman must be able to identify…

April 4, 2011 ·Sharon D. Calhoun
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Crown Cork & Seal USA, Inc.

Press-cleaning violations affirmed and pathogen items vacated

An employee lost a finger while cleaning a running can-end press near the unguarded rear of a pulley. The judge found it reasonably predictable that employees would clean beyond the machine's front because they had done so regularly and were never clearly prohibited from cleaning the rear. Crown…

March 28, 2011 ·G. Marvin Bober
Mixed result
COMM

AKM LLC d/b/a Volks Constructors

Four recordkeeping violations treated as continuing

Volks failed to create incident reports and log entries for numerous injuries, review its logs for completeness, obtain executive certification of annual summaries, and keep one annual summary posted for the full required period. The Commission majority held that the first four omissions continued…

March 11, 2011
Modified

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.