Federal Agency Decisions

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board, each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

13,427 decisions and counting · Latest decision August 18, 2026
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ALJ

John McCarty, d/b/a Intertribal Trade

Diving citations vacated for lack of employment relationship

Intertribal Trade was a fish-buying business that helped members of the Makah tribe obtain equipment and training for commercial sea-urchin diving. OSHA investigated after a diver died while working from a vessel owned by John McCarty. Applying common-law agency factors, the judge found that…

January 5, 1998 ·Benjamin R. Loye ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

A & K Construction Co., Inc.

Unprotected trench draws an affirmed serious cave-in citation

A & K Construction Co., Inc. was installing a water system in Island Lake, Illinois. On May 27, 1997, an OSHA compliance officer saw an A & K employee working as the bottom man in an open trench about 7.5 feet deep with no sloping, shoring, or trench box. OSHA cited a serious violation of the…

January 2, 1998 ·Stanley M. Schwartz ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Micron Construction, Inc.

Controlling contractor cleared of a subcontractor's fall violations for lack of knowledge

Micron Construction, Inc. was the construction manager on a Meridian, Idaho project. A January 1997 OSHA inspection caught employees of its steel subcontractor, Hansen & Rice, in three fall-protection lapses: one worker tied his lanyard to another worker's retractable lifeline about 40 feet up, one…

January 2, 1998 ·Benjamin R. Loye ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Empire Iron Mining Partnership

Mixed contest and penalty rulings

Empire Iron Mining Partnership contested orders and citations at its Empire Mine, and the Secretary also sought civil penalties. Judge T. Todd Hodgdon approved settlements for several matters, affirmed some orders and citations, vacated other citations, and modified one order by deleting its…

December 29, 1997 ·T. Todd Hodgdon ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Omni Source Corp.

Two contested items vacated after a fatal shredder accident, rest resolved by settlement

Omni Source Corp. runs a metals reclamation yard in Toledo, Ohio, where it operates a large Texas Shredder that shreds automobiles. During routine maintenance on March 19, 1996, the roughly 5,600-pound movable section of the machine's safety cage came off its rails and fell into the mill, injuring…

December 26, 1997 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

General Motors Corporation, CPC-Pontiac Fiero Plant

In re General Motors Corporation, CPC-Pontiac Fiero Plant (EAB CWA Appeal No. 96-5): liability and $62,500 penalty affirmed

General Motors Corporation operated the Pontiac Fiero plant in Pontiac, Michigan, and held a state-issued NPDES permit for stormwater discharges from an outfall. EPA Region V charged the company with 92 violations between May 1992 and August 1993 because reported discharges exceeded the permit…

December 24, 1997 ·EPA EAB
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Macy's East, Inc.; Abraham & Straus, Inc.; Stern's Department Stores, Inc.

Twenty-nine exit-aisle instances rejected

OSHA cited three department-store companies for 32 instances in which merchandise or display tables allegedly obstructed exit aisles. The judge had previously rejected the Secretary's position that the cited standard required 60-inch or 44-inch aisle clearance. Because OSHA did not calculate…

December 24, 1997 ·Richard DeBenedetto ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
COMM

Cyprus Amax Minerals Company, National Zinc Site

In re Cyprus Amax Minerals Company, National Zinc Site (EAB CERCLA 106(b) Petition No. 96-2): reimbursement petition denied

Cyprus Amax Minerals Company sought reimbursement for about $6.27 million in costs it said it incurred while complying with a CERCLA unilateral administrative order. The order required removal of lead- and cadmium-contaminated soil from about 1,200 residences near the former National Zinc Company…

December 23, 1997 ·EPA EAB
Other
ALJ

Action Cleaning Corporation

Unplanked bilge openings on a Navy ship draw an affirmed serious fall citation

Action Cleaning Corporation did shipboard painting-prep work aboard the USS Vandergrift, cleaning the bilge area after deck plates were removed. A February 1997 OSHA inspection found employees walking on the exposed structural grid to reach ladders, with openings between the members and no planking…

December 22, 1997 ·Benjamin R. Loye ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Laurel Run Mining Company

Roof-control settlement approved

Laurel Run Mining Company and the Secretary of Labor settled contest and civil-penalty proceedings arising from a fatal roof fall at the Holden 20-DB Mine. The settlement reduced negligence findings and penalties for several roof-control citations and changed some enforcement orders to section…

December 17, 1997 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Newmont Gold Company

Civil penalty proceeding dismissed

The Secretary of Labor sought civil penalties for four citations that had already been vacated and dismissed in an earlier consolidated contest proceeding involving Newmont Gold Company. The judge denied the Secretary's motion to stay the penalty case and denied the penalty petition because the…

December 17, 1997 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Procedural
COMM

Williams Natural Gas Company

Mine Act jurisdiction affirmed

Williams Natural Gas operated an interstate pipeline with meter buildings on mine property and supplied natural gas used by two mines. The Commission held that Williams was an independent contractor performing services at a mine, making it an operator subject to Mine Act jurisdiction. It rejected…

December 16, 1997 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Montana Refining Company

In re Montana Refining Company (EAB RCRA Appeal No. 95-8): appeal dismissed with prejudice

Montana Refining Company asked the EAB to dismiss its petition challenging an August 14, 1995 permit. Montana said that EPA and Montana had issued a replacement joint permit effective December 2, 1997, and that the new permit resolved the issues behind the petition. EPA did not object to dismissal…

December 10, 1997 ·EPA EAB
Procedural
ALJ

Parsons Company, Inc.

Two guarding violations reduced from willful to serious

Parsons Company, Inc. used a metal shear with a finger guard that could move out of alignment and a press brake with no point-of-operation guard. An employee reached beneath the shear guard after scrap slipped and lost the tips of six fingers when he accidentally activated the machine. The judge…

December 10, 1997 ·James H. Barkley ·OSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Leeco, Inc.

Temporary reinstatement granted

Jerry Michael Caudill worked for Leeco, Inc. as a maintenance foreman and was designated as a miners' representative. The Secretary alleged that Leeco threatened, harassed, demoted, suspended, and discharged Caudill because of that protected role. Leeco denied the allegations and said Caudill was…

December 4, 1997 ·David Barbour ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Arrow Crushed Stone, Inc.

Citations split and penalty reduced

Arrow Crushed Stone operated the Blum Quarry, a limestone quarry in Texas. The Secretary sought penalties for eight alleged violations involving electrical controls, drill stability, mobile-equipment safety, seat belts, and protective footwear. The judge affirmed three citations, vacated one, and…

December 4, 1997 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Matthew J. Matics

Settlement approved and case dismissed

Matthew J. Matics alleged that Coalfield Services, Inc. unlawfully laid him off and sought reinstatement and back pay under the Mine Act's discrimination provision. At the hearing, the parties agreed that Coalfield Services would pay Matics $4,000 and that he would withdraw the complaint. Judge…

December 2, 1997 ·Jacqueline R. Bulluck ·FMSHRC
Settled
ALJ

Basin Resources, Incorporated

Consolidated penalties assessed

Basin Resources contested civil penalties arising from 112 alleged violations at the New Elk Preparation Plant and Golden Eagle Mine. The judge denied the Secretary's motion to add Entech, Inc. and Montana Power Company as respondents, then resolved the consolidated citations and orders under the…

November 26, 1997 ·Richard W. Manning ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Harlan Cumberland Coal

Remand penalties assessed

Harlan Cumberland Coal was found to have violated Mine Act respirable-dust sampling requirements in five consolidated dockets. The Commission had affirmed the violations and remanded for findings on penalty factors including gravity, negligence, prior violations, size, and good-faith abatement. On…

November 25, 1997 ·Paul Merlin ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

Cyprus Cumberland Resources Corporation

Safeguard violation reversed

Cyprus Cumberland Resources operated an underground coal mine with a track haulage system controlled by block signal lights. After an inspector issued a safeguard requiring equipment operators to use and clear the lights and communicate when operating in the same block, a later incident led to an…

November 24, 1997 ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
COMM

Lion Mining Company

Unwarrantable roof-control violation affirmed

Lion Mining Company was cited after a continuous miner cut a notch without the roadway posts required by its approved roof-control plan at the Grove No. 1 underground coal mine. The ALJ found the violation significant and substantial and the result of unwarrantable failure, based in part on…

November 21, 1997 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Lion Mining Company

Unwarrantable-failure finding affirmed

Lion Mining Company was cited after a continuous miner cut a notch without roadway posts required by its approved roof control plan. The ALJ found the violation significant and substantial and caused by unwarrantable failure, considering the presence of supervisors, the mine's history of…

November 21, 1997 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Roger Antkiewicz and Pest Elimination Products of America, Inc.

In re Roger Antkiewicz and Pest Elimination Products of America, Inc. (EAB FIFRA Appeal Nos. 97-11, 97-12): respondents' appeal dismissed as untimely

Roger Antkiewicz and Pest Elimination Products of America, Inc. filed an appeal from an ALJ initial decision after the deadline set by the EPA's rules. The Board held that the respondents' appeal was due by October 24, 1997, but was not received until November 18, 1997, and dismissed it as…

November 21, 1997 ·EPA EAB
Procedural
ALJ

Stillwater Mining Company

Citation affirmed with negligence modified

Stillwater Mining Company was cited for failing to provide MSHA with an accident investigation report concerning the Kenneth Goode fatality in the form required by 30 C.F.R. § 50.11(b). The judge granted summary decision on the violation, finding that documents previously provided during litigation…

November 18, 1997 ·Richard W. Manning ·FMSHRC
Modified
COMM

Jim Walter Resources, Inc.

Methane violations and unwarrantable failure affirmed

Jim Walter Resources operated an underground coal mine where line curtains were used to route methane away from a tailgate methane monitor. The Commission affirmed violations for failing to maintain the monitor in proper operating condition and failing to take required measures after methane…

November 14, 1997 ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Ash Grove Cement Company

In re Ash Grove Cement Company (EAB RCRA Appeal Nos. 96-4 and 96-5): review denied in part and permit issues remanded

Ash Grove Cement Company operated a Portland cement plant in Chanute, Kansas, that used hazardous waste as fuel and received a federal RCRA hazardous-waste-combustion permit. Ash Grove and a coalition of petitioners challenged different parts of the permit, including the Region's indirect-exposure…

November 14, 1997 ·EPA EAB
Mixed result
ALJ

Independence Coal Company, Inc.

Partial summary decision denied

Independence Coal Company contested a civil penalty proceeding involving a berm or guard condition on an elevated roadway at the Twilight-Winifrede Mine. The Secretary asked the Judge to treat an earlier unchallenged imminent-danger order as conclusive proof that the related citation involved a…

November 12, 1997 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Glenco Construction Services, Inc.

Steel erector held to general fall-protection rules, three items affirmed

Glenco Construction Services, Inc. was a steel-erection subcontractor at a Bloomsburg University library project in Pennsylvania. During a November 1996 inspection, OSHA found that cables at the tops of access ladders forced workers to step over them, that a stairwell opening had slack guard cables…

November 10, 1997 ·Covette Rooney ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Sea-Jet Trucking Corp.

Five failure-to-abate items affirmed at a New Jersey warehouse, $101,200 in penalties

Sea-Jet Trucking Corp. ran an import-export warehouse in Bloomfield, New Jersey, where most workers were Spanish-speaking. After a 1994 inspection, OSHA cited the company for numerous violations, which it agreed to abate by April 1995 in a signed settlement. When OSHA did not receive an abatement…

November 10, 1997 ·Covette Rooney ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Bailey's Limestone Quarry

Settlement approval denied pending support

Bailey's Limestone Quarry faced two alleged violations after a laborer was fatally injured at the quarry. One citation concerned an unblocked raised loader bucket, and the other concerned late reporting of the accident to MSHA. The parties proposed reducing the combined penalties from $22,500 to…

November 7, 1997 ·David Barbour ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

S & J Haas Construction, Inc.

Repeat roofing fall-protection item affirmed, training item vacated

S & J Haas Construction, Inc. is a small family-owned residential contractor that was building a home in O'Fallon, Illinois. An OSHA compliance officer driving by saw three workers offloading shingles on the roof without fall protection and, staying on the public street, photographed the scene and…

November 7, 1997 ·Nancy J. Spies ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Fabricated Metal Products, Inc.

Commission requires reasonably predictable machine exposure

Fabricated Metal Products used automated presses with unguarded points of operation and horizontal camshafts. The Secretary argued that employees could contact the moving parts if they slipped or fell near the machines. The Commission held that exposure must be reasonably predictable through…

November 7, 1997 ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
COMM

Tracy Bakery Production, Inc.

Commission restores and approves settlement

The Secretary asked the Commission to review a withdrawal filed after the area office and Tracy Bakery Production, Inc. had already settled the case. The Regional Solicitor's Office had been unaware of that settlement when it filed the withdrawal. Tracy did not oppose the request. The Commission…

November 6, 1997 ·OSHRC
Settled
COMM

Innovative Laminating Corp.

Commission corrects wrong-case settlement filing

The Secretary issued Innovative Laminating Corp. a failure-to-abate citation and later filed an unsigned settlement followed by a notice of withdrawal. A signed settlement for a different employer, Innovative Plastics, Inc., was then mistakenly filed under this docket number and approved by an…

November 6, 1997 ·OSHRC
Procedural
COMM

American Sterilizer Company

Commission vacates training item and affirms remaining violations

An American Sterilizer Company technician died from carbon monoxide exposure while cleaning medical sterilization equipment with a glass-bead blasting machine. Contrary to company rules, he connected his supplied-air respirator to the gasoline compressor powering the blaster instead of a separate…

November 5, 1997 ·OSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Bickford, Inc.

In re Bickford, Inc. (EAB TSCA Appeal No. 95-7): appeal withdrawn and dismissed

EPA Region V moved to withdraw its appeal because it determined that continuing the appeal was no longer in the Agency's best interest in light of the EAB's decision in In re Lazarus, Inc. The Board found good cause, granted the motion, and dismissed the appeal. The October 18, 1995 Initial…

November 4, 1997 ·EPA EAB
Procedural
ALJ

Faith Coal Company

Methane-monitor violation found on remand

Faith Coal Company’s consolidated proceedings returned to the Judge after the Commission reinstated a citation and directed a decision under the methane-monitor standard. The Judge found that a scoop loader’s methane monitor had been bypassed and was not maintained in permissible and proper…

November 4, 1997 ·David Barbour ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Bob Bak Construction

Safety orders affirmed with $1,840 penalty

Bob Bak Construction operated a sand and gravel crusher in South Dakota. Judge Avram Weisberger found that the operator failed to guard two moving pulleys, allowed a front-end loader operator to work without a seat belt, and stored an oxygen cylinder in a truck containing oil and grease. The Judge…

November 3, 1997 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Trine Construction Corp.

Repeat unprotected-excavation citation affirmed at a water main project

Trine Construction Corp. was the contractor on a 3-mile water main project for the City of Wheeling, Illinois. During a January 1997 inspection, an OSHA compliance officer found an excavation 8 to 9 feet deep with essentially vertical walls and no cave-in protection. Witnesses said a Trine employee…

November 3, 1997 ·Irving Sommer ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Continental Roof Systems, Inc.

Commission affirms serious classification for scaffold violations

Continental Roof Systems repaired the roof and chimneys of the Franklin D. Roosevelt home for the National Park Service. The judge affirmed 16 violations but reduced two scaffold-guardrail items from willful to serious, assessing $32,100 in total penalties. The Secretary sought review only of the…

October 31, 1997 ·OSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Newmont Gold Company

Mercury citations modified with $1,800 penalty

Newmont Gold operated a gold mine where elemental mercury was generated during carbon-handling operations. The Judge found violations involving food and beverages in areas exposed to mercury vapor and mercury-contaminated equipment that lacked warnings or barricades. The Judge held that the mercury…

October 28, 1997 ·Richard W. Manning ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Windsor Coal Company

Coal-accumulation orders modified

Windsor Coal Company faced two orders involving weekend examination records and extensive coal dust and spillage along a 6,000-foot conveyor belt. The parties settled the examination-record violation, reducing its penalty from $1,000 to $500, and the Judge approved that settlement. For the…

October 27, 1997 ·George A. Koutras ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Southeast Steel Erectors, Inc.

Contest dismissed after company stopped responding

OSHA cited Southeast Steel Erectors, Inc. for an unguarded roof deck and a portable ladder that did not extend three feet above its landing. After filing a notice of contest, the company reported that it had dissolved and then stopped responding. It did not provide a current address or telephone…

October 27, 1997 ·Ken S. Welsch ·OSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Energy Trucking, Inc.

Training and parking violations affirmed

Energy Trucking hauled uranium ore to the White Mesa Mill with about 15 drivers at the time of the cited conduct. The Judge found that the company had not provided the required training for newly employed experienced miners and that an unattended dumper tractor was left on a grade without its…

October 23, 1997 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Palmer Wastewater Treatment Plant

In re Palmer Wastewater Treatment Plant (EAB NPDES Appeal No. 97-5): permit modification review declined

The Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority asked the EAB to review EPA Region II's denial of a request to modify the NPDES permit for the Palmer Wastewater Treatment Plant. After considering the appeal and the Region's response, the Board declined review. The Board explained that the appeal would…

October 22, 1997 ·EPA EAB
Procedural
ALJ

Windsor Coal Company

Coal-dust citation affirmed with $4,000 penalty

Windsor Coal operated the Windsor Mine, where MSHA found extensive accumulations of loose coal and coal dust along the No. 9 conveyor belt. Judge William Fauver found a violation of 30 C.F.R. § 75.400 and concluded that the condition was significant and substantial and caused by unwarrantable…

October 20, 1997 ·William Fauver ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Tireman's Tire Shop, Inc.

Unguarded repair pit and open breaker panels affirmed as serious

Tireman's Tire Shop, Inc. ran an auto tire and repair shop in New York. After an employee complaint, OSHA inspected in December 1996 and, while finding none of the complained-of conditions, cited two hazards in plain view. The first was a 40-foot-long, 5.5-foot-deep repair pit that was unguarded…

October 20, 1997 ·Irving Sommer ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Williams & Sons Erectors, LLC

Fall protection and training violations affirmed

Williams & Sons Erectors performed steel erection at a three-story construction site in New York. OSHA observed one ironworker welding on a second-level beam and another sitting on a roof-level column without fall protection. The judge credited the compliance officer's testimony that the employees…

October 20, 1997 ·Irving Sommer ·OSHRC
Citations affirmed
ALJ

A.D. Willis Company, Inc.

Roofing fall-protection citation vacated for failure of proof

A.D. Willis Company, Inc. was doing roofing work on an HEB store in Midland, Texas. An OSHA compliance officer arriving around 9:15 a.m. saw and videotaped two Willis employees working at the edge of the roughly 30-foot-high roof with no visible fall protection. He did not go onto the roof until…

October 17, 1997 ·Stanley M. Schwartz ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Phelps Dodge Morenci, Inc.

Discrimination complaint dismissed after remand

Clyde W. Perry worked as a truck driver at Phelps Dodge Morenci's copper mine. He alleged that the company discharged him because he complained that truck driving caused foot pain and created a safety risk. Judge Jacqueline R. Bulluck found that Perry engaged in protected activity but did not prove…

October 16, 1997 ·Jacqueline R. Bulluck ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Costain Coal Incorporated

Respiratory-dust penalties and settlements resolved

Costain Coal operated the Baker Mine and Smith Underground No. 1. The proceedings involved excessive respirable-dust samples from mechanized mining units and a designated area, along with citations resolved through settlements. Judge Jerold Feldman found the dust violations significant and…

October 16, 1997 ·Jerold Feldman ·FMSHRC
Mixed result
COMM

Union Tank Car Company

Commission rejects unexplained PPE payment interpretation

Union Tank Car Company required employees at its railcar repair facility to buy their own safety shoes and welding gloves while subsidizing metatarsal guards. OSHA cited the company on the theory that the word “provide” in the general PPE standard required employers to pay for the equipment. The…

October 16, 1997 ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Jim Walter Resources, Inc.

Withdrawal order modified after remand

Jim Walter Resources was cited after MSHA found combustible trash accumulations in active and inactive areas of its No. 7 Mine. On remand from the D.C. Circuit and the Commission, Judge Gary Melick considered whether non-violative accumulations in the inactive area could support an…

October 15, 1997 ·Gary Melick ·FMSHRC
Modified
ALJ

Prospect Waterproofing Company

Roof-edge citation vacated for employee misconduct

OSHA cited Prospect Waterproofing Company after employees were observed near the edge of a multi-story roof without the required warning system. The judge found that the Secretary established an initial case but that the employer proved unpreventable employee misconduct. Prospect had an established…

October 15, 1997 ·Michael H. Schoenfeld ·OSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Triton Coal Company

Tire citation vacated

Triton Coal operated the Buckskin surface coal mine. MSHA cited the company after finding a damaged rear tire on a 190-ton haulage truck and alleged that the condition violated 30 C.F.R. § 77.1606(c). Judge David F. Barbour found that the tire's skiving, tread separation, exposed belts, and other…

October 14, 1997 ·David F. Barbour ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
ALJ

Newmont Gold Company

Guarding citations vacated

Newmont Gold contested five citations and five related withdrawal orders at its Genesis Mine. The citations alleged that moving engine parts on five haul trucks lacked required guards, while the withdrawal orders were later vacated by the Secretary. Judge August F. Cetti dismissed the five order…

October 14, 1997 ·August F. Cetti ·FMSHRC
Citations vacated
COMM

Rock of Ages Corporation

Late oral-argument participation denied

Rock of Ages asked the Commission to let David Gomo participate in oral argument and to accept his late request to participate. The Commission denied the motions because the participating commissioners split evenly, and the relief required a majority vote. Two commissioners concluded that Gomo was…

October 10, 1997 ·FMSHRC
Procedural
ALJ

Jerry Bennett Masonry Contractor, Inc.

Scaffold and chemical-safety violations affirmed

Three Jerry Bennett Masonry employees fell 30 to 35 feet when the outriggers supporting a suspended scaffold slipped from beneath their counterweights. The judge found that the person assigned to erect the scaffold lacked the training and knowledge required of a competent person. Required tiebacks…

October 10, 1997 ·James H. Barkley ·OSHRC
Mixed result
ALJ

Yukon No. 1 Mining Claim

18 citations affirmed with an $872 penalty

Yukon No. 1 Mining Claim, a small mine with four people involved in the business, withdrew its contest to 18 citations, leaving the penalties as the only issue. The parties stipulated that the violations involved moderate negligence, no prior inspection or violation history, and a range of low…

October 9, 1997 ·Avram Weisberger ·FMSHRC
Citations affirmed
COMM

Peabody Coal Company

Late penalty contest reopened

Peabody Coal timely contested the underlying violation but did not separately contest the proposed penalty within the required 30-day period. The company explained that poor coordination between counsel and mine personnel caused the six-day late filing. The Commission found that Peabody intended to…

October 9, 1997 ·FMSHRC
Procedural

What these documents are

  • The agencies: Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), and environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB). Each decision page names its agency.
  • Commission and Board decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.