Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

7,177 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
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COMM

Nat Martin, dba Mr. Martin

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the case indexed for Nat Martin, doing business as Mr. Martin, by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official text begins with a stray formatting fragment and does not include a complete case caption. The operative order also does not…

July 27, 1976
Procedural
COMM

H. F. Hatcher & Son

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the H. F. Hatcher & Son case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The operative order does not describe the administrative law judge's decision or identify any workplace facts, cited standards, citation dispositions, or penalties. Commissioner…

July 27, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Fruin-Colnon Corporation

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Fruin-Colnon case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The operative order does not describe the administrative law judge's decision or identify any workplace facts, cited standards, citation dispositions, or penalties. Commissioner Moran…

July 27, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Kelly Construction Services, Inc.

Elevator-shaft fall-protection citation reinstated

Kelly Construction installed elevator door frames as a subcontractor in a Boston high-rise. Two employees raised a 200-pound frame within about eighteen inches of an open elevator shaft on the 24th floor while wearing safety belts whose lanyards were not tied off. The administrative law judge found…

July 26, 1976
Modified
COMM

Francisco Tower Service, Inc.

Willful fixed-ladder citation and $1,200 penalty affirmed

Francisco Tower Service installed equipment on a 270-foot television transmission tower using a fixed ladder without a cage, landing platforms at twenty-foot intervals, or an installed ladder-safety device. Two employees began climbing the ladder, and one fell about 85 feet and died. The…

July 23, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Underhill Construction Corp. and DIC Concrete, dba DIC Underhill, a Joint Venture

High-rise helmet and perimeter items expanded

DIC Underhill was the concrete subcontractor responsible for superstructures on a 47-building high-rise project. OSHA observed employees without helmets in areas exposed to impact and falling-object hazards, and employees working throughout five unguarded five-story buildings. The Commission held…

July 23, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Robert T. Winzinger, Inc.

Excavation and backup-alarm items affirmed

Robert T. Winzinger performed work around a 10-foot-deep excavation in sandy, damp, partly backfilled soil near a heavily traveled road. Employees had entered the excavation, its walls were unsupported, and spoil piles up to 40 inches high sat directly at the edges. The Commission affirmed the…

July 22, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Harrington Construction Corporation

Excluded soil testimony requires remand

Two Harrington employees worked in an unshored trench that was about 30 feet long, 30 inches wide, and between 6 and 6.5 feet deep. The judge excluded a compliance officer's observations that the soil was sticky, soft, wet, sandy, clay-like, and partly backfill because the officer was not qualified…

July 21, 1976
Remanded
COMM

Vappi and Company, Inc.

Construction-manager safety items affirmed

Vappi served as construction manager for a new Faulkner Hospital building and coordinated numerous independent contractors. Although its employees performed no permanent construction, Vappi supplied carpenters for safety measures and temporary scaffolding, laborers for debris cleanup, and…

July 21, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Vappi and Company, Inc.

Construction-manager safety items affirmed

Vappi served as construction manager for a new Faulkner Hospital building and coordinated numerous independent contractors. Although its employees performed no permanent construction, Vappi supplied carpenters for safety measures and temporary scaffolding, laborers for debris cleanup, and…

July 21, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

CTM, Inc.

Combined trench and spoil-pile violation affirmed

CTM excavated a 13-foot-deep sewer trench in Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, without shoring and with nearly vertical lower walls in soil of average stability. A ten-foot-high spoil pile containing large soil chunks sat three feet from the trench, where employees were working below. The Commission held…

July 21, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

The Gould-Mersereau Co., Inc.

Machine-guarding violations partly affirmed

Gould-Mersereau manufactured drapery hardware at a New York City plant where an inspection produced thirteen nonserious citation items. The judge affirmed machine-guarding violations involving feed rollers, a power-press pedal, and ten riveting machines, but vacated the portions involving a…

July 21, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Dakota By-Products, Inc., formerly Sioux Falls Rendering Co.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Dakota By-Products case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, citation disposition, or penalties. Commissioner Moran dissented, arguing that the majority could…

July 20, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Francis Doom, dba Wagner Building Supply

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Wagner Building Supply case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran's dissent states that the judge had vacated all…

July 20, 1976
Procedural
COMM

American Building Company

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the American Building Company case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran's dissent states that the judge had vacated all…

July 15, 1976
Procedural
COMM

John J. Orr & Sons, Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the John J. Orr & Sons case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran's dissent states that the judge had vacated all…

July 15, 1976
Procedural
COMM

King James Virgin Construction Co.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the King James Virgin Construction case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran's dissent states that the judge had vacated…

July 14, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Bob's Tools & Supply Co., Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Bob's Tools & Supply case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, citation result, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran dissented, arguing that the majority…

July 14, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Las Vegas Painting & Drywall, Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Las Vegas Painting & Drywall case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, citation result, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran dissented, arguing that the…

July 13, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Southern Stress Wire Corporation

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Southern Stress Wire case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, citation result, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran dissented, arguing that the majority…

July 13, 1976
Procedural
COMM

A. A. Will Sand & Gravel Corp.

Conveyor-related construction citations vacated

A. A. Will delivered roofing gravel to a Boston construction site, where its driver released gravel into a conveyor hopper as workers needed it on the roof and occasionally adjusted the conveyor. The Commission held that these activities were more than mere delivery and were an integral part of…

July 12, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Fraser Shipyards, Inc.

Tag-line violation affirmed after fatal plate drop

Fraser Shipyards used a crane to move two stacked steel plates, each weighing about 4,100 pounds, from a truck into a shed. An employee guided the load by hand without tag lines; the plates fell from the rigging and fatally crushed him. The Commission vacated the safe-rigging allegation but…

July 9, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Enterprise Roofing & Sheet Metal Co.; Anning-Johnson Company; Frank Briscoe Company, Inc.; Tri-State Roofing & Sheet Metal Company, Inc.

Flat-roof guard citations vacated

Four employers were cited for failing to install perimeter guarding on flat roofs. Applying its Central City Roofing decision, the Commission held that section 1926.500(d)(1) did not apply to flat roofs and vacated the guard citations and their penalties in all four cases. Commissioner Cleary…

July 8, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Kennecott Copper Corporation

Scaffold citations and $350 penalty vacated

A lead burner at Kennecott's smelter worked on a narrow, unguarded plank scaffold almost 12 feet above a concrete floor and climbed to it using a wooden beam and the ribs of a mist treater. The Commission vacated the guardrail item because the Secretary had changed the source consensus standard's…

July 8, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Gulf & Western Food Products Co.

Delayed citations remanded for prejudice inquiry

Gulf & Western was cited after two truck accidents in which sugar-cane workers rode without seats and cane knives were not secured; several employees were injured and one died. The judge vacated both general-duty citations because OSHA issued them 36 and 26 days after beginning the respective…

July 7, 1976
Remanded
COMM

M. M. Schranz Roofing & Building Supply Co., Inc.

Flat-roof railing item vacated

M. M. Schranz Roofing was cited for failing to install standard railings on a flat roof where its employees worked. Applying its divided Central City Roofing decision, the Commission held that section 1926.500(d)(1) did not apply to the flat roof. It reversed the judge and vacated citation item 2…

July 7, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Sunbeam Corporation

Safety-shoe item affirmed, quench-tank item vacated

Employees in Sunbeam's die-casting department regularly carried metal ingots, castings with jagged edges, boxes, and pallets, and four of 72 employees had suffered foot injuries from dropped objects in about 18 months. The Commission held that this record required protective footwear and affirmed…

July 6, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Keith L. Hoffie, dba H & H Pulpwood Co.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the H & H Pulpwood case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, citation result, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran dissented, arguing that the majority could…

July 6, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Potlatch Corporation

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in these consolidated Potlatch cases by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, or citation dispositions. Commissioner Moran's dissent states that the judge assessed no…

July 1, 1976
Procedural
COMM

The Grand Union Company

Directions for review vacated

The Commission vacated its directions for review in seven consolidated Grand Union cases by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran's dissent states that the judge had vacated…

July 1, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Asbestos Textile Co., Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Asbestos Textile case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran's dissent states that the judge had vacated all contested…

July 1, 1976
Procedural
COMM

United Parcel Service, Inc.

Safety-toe protection citation affirmed

UPS operated a highly automated Columbus distribution center that processed about 150,000 packages each day. Roughly 325 sorters, belters, loaders, and unloaders handled packages weighing up to 50 pounds and were exposed when packages or conveyor rollers fell. UPS required solid leather shoes but…

June 30, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Huber, Hunt & Nichols, Inc. and Blount Brothers Corporation, a Joint Venture

Superdome citations affirmed

The joint venture was general contractor for construction of the Louisiana Superdome, with about 350 employees and numerous subcontractors at the site. The Commission affirmed two serious citations and eighteen additional items covering perimeter and opening guards, personal protective equipment…

June 28, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

James L. Mills Painting Contractor, Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the James L. Mills Painting case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, citation disposition, or penalties. Most of the release consists of attached historical…

June 28, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Falcon Steel Co., Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Falcon Steel case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Materials included in the release state that the judge had vacated all contested…

June 28, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Sky-Hy Erectors & Equipment, Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Sky-Hy Erectors case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, citation disposition, or penalties. Most of the release consists of attached historical materials…

June 28, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Eve, Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Eve case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, citation disposition, or penalties. Most of the release consists of attached historical materials about…

June 28, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Jack Conie & Sons Corporation

Trench citation vacated for issuance delay

An employee worked in a 14-foot-deep trench dug in soft material without the sloping required by the trench standard. OSHA inspected on October 11, 1973, but did not issue the citation until 125 days later because the area director repeatedly sought approval to characterize the violation as…

June 25, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Sletten Construction Company

Fall-protection citation and $700 penalty affirmed

During bridge demolition in Superior, Montana, a Sletten employee worked without a safety harness on a steel beam only nine inches wide and about 34 feet above the river. The judge affirmed a serious personal-protective-equipment citation and assessed a $700 penalty. Neither party sought review…

June 25, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Florida Power Corporation

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Florida Power case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran's dissent states that the judge had vacated all contested…

June 25, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Atlantic Sugar Association

Standing-worker transport case remanded

Atlantic Sugar transported field workers standing in trucks that lacked adequate seating or substantial rear barriers. The judge dismissed the serious general-duty citation at the close of OSHA's evidence, finding insufficient proof that the practice was a recognized hazard. The Commission held…

June 24, 1976
Remanded
COMM

S. S. C. Corporation

Unsupported-wall hazard and $550 penalty affirmed

S. S. C. excavated a utility trench about 11 feet from an unsupported masonry wall that was 8 to 11 feet high. The ground was wet, soft fill, and an 18.5-ton backhoe straddled the trench end and transmitted vibration through the soil. The wall collapsed into the trench, injuring two employees and…

June 24, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

C. N. Stemper Company, Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the C. N. Stemper case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The appended judge's decision had vacated an exit item because the food warehouse had several usable means of egress and its size, occupancy, and arrangement did not create the alleged…

June 23, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Travenol Alaska Laboratories, Inc., Travenol New Hampshire Laboratories, Inc.

Directions for review vacated

The Commission vacated its directions for review in the two Travenol Laboratories cases by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying safety standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran dissented, arguing that canceling…

June 23, 1976
Procedural
COMM

James Baker, d/b/a Baker Roofing & Sheet Metal Co.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Baker Roofing & Sheet Metal case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying safety standards, workplace facts, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran dissented, arguing that canceling…

June 23, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Bay Iron Works, Inc.

Direction for review vacated

The Commission vacated its direction for review in the Bay Iron Works case by referring to Francisco Tower Service. The official release does not identify the underlying standards, workplace facts, citation result, or proposed penalties. Commissioner Moran dissented, arguing that the majority could…

June 23, 1976
Procedural
COMM

J.A. McCarthy, Inc

Hardhat violations reduced to nonserious with no penalties

J.A. McCarthy conducted longshoring operations in Philadelphia and supplied hardhats, but many employees refused to wear them. The Commission held that urging employees to comply without using available disciplinary measures did not satisfy the longshoring hardhat standard. It reversed the judge's…

June 22, 1976
Modified
COMM

George T. Gerhardt Company, Inc.

Failure-to-correct penalties reduced to $300

George T. Gerhardt Company was a small sheet-metal manufacturer cited for unguarded belts and pulleys, unguarded machinery, and a spliced electrical cord. It did not contest the original citation, and a reinspection found the three conditions had not been corrected within the stated abatement…

June 18, 1976
Modified
COMM

Anchor Construction Co.

Amended trench citation affirmed with a $400 penalty

Anchor Construction employees worked in an 11-foot-deep trench dug in clay soil with water entering it. Evidence showed sloughing at the bottom, a cracked wall, and soil that would not support weight without extra protection. The Commission allowed the Secretary to replace the originally cited…

June 16, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Ringland-Johnson, Inc.

Fall-hazard citations affirmed with $605 in penalties

Ringland-Johnson employees poured concrete while standing on planks laid across a scaffold inside a circular concrete structure. Gaps between the planks were 30 to 40 inches wide, and employees could fall 19.5 feet; an elevated runway also lacked guardrails, and the scaffold had no ladder or…

June 16, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida

Unsafe worker transportation citation affirmed

Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative transported agricultural workers to and between fields while they stood in stake-body trucks without seats. Loose water coolers, blocks of ice, and ice tongs traveled in the same truck bed. The Commission held that an employer-provided truck used to advance the…

June 15, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Bethlehem Fabricators, Inc.

Spray-booth citation vacated for lack of hazard proof

Bethlehem Fabricators spray painted steel girders in an unenclosed area of its fabrication plant. The inspector did not test the combustible lead-primer paint or its fumes, while later industrial-hygiene testing presented by the employer found no hazardous level of lead or solvent vapor. The…

June 11, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Paul Hutchinson & Sons

Pneumatic-tool and trench citations vacated

Paul Hutchinson & Sons was the general contractor on a sewer-line excavation where subcontractor employees drilled rock in a trench. The subcontractor's pneumatic tool lacked the required positive connection to its hose, but the Commission found that Hutchinson neither created nor controlled that…

June 11, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

The Weatherhead Co.

Grinder-blotter citation reinstated

A Weatherhead employee operated an abrasive-wheel grinder without blotters between the wheel and its flanges. The company had previously been cited for the same condition on the same machine and had supplied blotters, but it showed no enforced work rule or instructions ensuring their use. The…

June 10, 1976
Mixed result
COMM

Leader Evaporator, Inc.

Incorporated electrical requirements upheld

Leader Evaporator manufactured maple-sugar equipment and admitted that its plant wiring and portable electric tools were not grounded. It argued that the electrical standards were invalid because they incorporated National Electrical Code provisions instead of printing the full requirements in the…

June 10, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Water Works Installation Corp.

Trench violations affirmed with increased penalties

Water Works Installation employees worked in a 9-foot-deep trench in hard or compact soil that was not shored, sloped, or otherwise protected. The site also involved employees without hard hats and a person standing beneath a load handled by a hoist. The judge affirmed a serious trench-support…

June 10, 1976
Modified
COMM

Carr Erectors, Inc.

Elevated-work citations vacated

Carr Erectors employees worked about 42 feet above the ground while constructing a cement bulk plant. The employer supplied safety belts and lines and instructed employees to use them, although two employees were observed without that protection. The Commission affirmed the judge's conclusion that…

June 4, 1976
Citations vacated
COMM

Kimball Office Furniture, Inc., A Div. Of Jasper Corp.

Derailer abatement extended six months

Kimball Office Furniture was cited for failing to install a derailer on a leased railroad spur track used at its plant. It did not timely contest the citation, so the violation became a final order, but it later sought more time to abate after the railroad owner denied permission to install the…

June 1, 1976
Procedural
COMM

Greyhound Lines-West

Open maintenance-pit citation affirmed with no penalty

Greyhound operated a bus maintenance pit that was 40 feet long, about 5.5 feet deep, and unguarded whenever no bus covered it. A yellow stripe marked the pit, but employees still worked around and inside the area while it was open for periods ranging from a few minutes to as long as two hours. The…

May 27, 1976
Modified
COMM

J. D. Blum Construction Company

Serious trench citation reinstated

J. D. Blum Construction excavated a water-main trench that was up to 7.5 feet deep, contained wet clay and loam, and was sloped at about 65 degrees without shoring or bracing. The Commission found the soil soft and unstable based on water seepage, sloughing, photographs, and witness testimony. It…

May 25, 1976
Mixed result

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.