Professional Services Agreement — Connecticut

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT

Governed by the Laws of the State of Connecticut

AGREEMENT DATE: [__/__/____]

AGREEMENT NO.: [PSA-____-____]

PARTIES

SERVICE PROVIDER ("Provider"):

CLIENT ("Client"):

Provider and Client are each a "Party" and collectively, the "Parties."

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Provider is engaged in providing [________________________________] and represents and warrants that Provider holds all licenses required by the Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection, the Connecticut Department of Public Health, or other applicable Connecticut licensing authority;

WHEREAS, Client desires to engage Provider on the terms set forth below;

WHEREAS, the Parties intend that Connecticut law shall govern this Agreement and any dispute arising hereunder, including Connecticut common law and the Connecticut General Statutes;

WHEREAS, the Parties acknowledge Connecticut's distinctive legal framework — including the absence of a comprehensive statutory ban on non-compete agreements, the specific regulation of healthcare and broadcast-industry non-competes, and the Connecticut Data Privacy Act effective July 1, 2023;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants below, the Parties agree as follows:

ARTICLE 1 — DEFINITIONS

1.1 "Agreement" means this Professional Services Agreement and any exhibits, schedules, and Statements of Work.

1.2 "Business Day" means any day other than Saturday, Sunday, or a day on which Connecticut state courts are closed.

1.3 "Confidential Information" has the meaning set forth in Article 6.

1.4 "CTDPA" means the Connecticut Data Privacy Act, Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 42-515 to 42-525, effective July 1, 2023.

1.5 "CUTPA" means the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act, Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-110a et seq.

1.6 "CUTSA" means the Connecticut Uniform Trade Secrets Act, Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 35-50 to 35-58.

1.7 "Deliverables" means the work product and deliverables specified in a Statement of Work.

1.8 "Effective Date" means [__/__/____].

1.9 "Personal Data" has the meaning in Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-515(26) — any information linked or reasonably linkable to an identified or identifiable individual.

1.10 "Services" means the professional services described in Article 2 and any Statement of Work.

1.11 "SOW" or "Statement of Work" means a document executed by both Parties describing specific Services.

1.12 "Trade Secret" has the meaning in Conn. Gen. Stat. § 35-51(d) — CUTSA's definition.

ARTICLE 2 — SERVICES

2.1 Scope

Provider shall perform the following Services: [________________________________]

2.2 Statements of Work

Each SOW shall include:

☐ Scope of Services
☐ Deliverables and acceptance criteria
☐ Timeline and milestones
☐ Fees and payment schedule
☐ Client responsibilities
☐ Connecticut-specific regulatory requirements applicable to the engagement (if any)

2.3 Professional Standards and Connecticut Licensure

Provider represents and warrants that:

(a) Provider holds all professional licenses required by the Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection (DCP), Department of Public Health (DPH), State Board of Accountancy, Architectural Licensing Board, or other applicable Connecticut licensing authority for the Services to be performed;

(b) All Personnel performing Services hold current, valid Connecticut licenses (or reciprocal licenses where permitted) and are in good standing with the relevant licensing board;

(c) Services will be performed in accordance with the ethics and professional conduct rules of the applicable Connecticut licensing board;

(d) Provider shall immediately notify Client of any suspension, revocation, restriction, discipline, or investigation by any Connecticut licensing authority affecting Provider or Key Personnel.

2.4 Key Personnel

Provider shall not substitute Key Personnel without Client's prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld.

2.5 Subcontracting

Provider may not subcontract without Client's prior written consent. Subcontractors must be licensed in Connecticut where required and bound to confidentiality and IP terms no less protective than this Agreement.

ARTICLE 3 — FEES AND PAYMENT

3.1 Fees

Client shall pay Provider:

☐ Fixed fee of $[____]
☐ Time and materials at $[____]/hour
☐ Monthly retainer of $[____] for up to [____] hours
☐ Milestone-based per SOW

3.2 Invoicing

Invoices shall be submitted [monthly / upon milestone] and are due net [30] days.

3.3 Late Payment — Connecticut Legal Rate of Interest

Overdue amounts shall bear interest at eight percent (8%) per annum, the Connecticut legal rate of interest under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 37-1, or such other rate agreed to herein not exceeding the twelve percent (12%) cap under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 37-4.

3.4 Connecticut Sales Tax

Client acknowledges that Connecticut imposes sales tax on certain enumerated services under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 12-407. Provider shall collect and remit CT sales tax as required. Client shall furnish a CERT-119 or other valid Connecticut exemption certificate if tax-exempt.

ARTICLE 4 — INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND WORK PRODUCT

4.1 Ownership of Work Product

☐ OPTION A — Client Ownership (Work-for-Hire): All Work Product created for Client under this Agreement is a "work made for hire." To the extent not so treated, Provider irrevocably assigns all right, title, and interest (including copyrights, patents, and all other IP rights) to Client. Provider shall execute any further assignments reasonably required.

☐ OPTION B — Provider Retains Ownership / License to Client: Provider retains all right, title, and interest; Provider grants Client a [non-exclusive / exclusive], perpetual, worldwide, royalty-free license for Client's internal business purposes.

4.2 Provider Pre-Existing Materials

Provider retains ownership of any tools, methodologies, templates, or materials existing prior to the Effective Date. Client receives a limited license to use such materials as embedded in Deliverables.

ARTICLE 5 — CONFIDENTIALITY AND TRADE SECRETS UNDER CUTSA

5.1 Confidentiality Obligations

Each Party shall (a) hold the other's Confidential Information in strict confidence, (b) use it solely to perform this Agreement, and (c) protect it with at least the degree of care used for its own confidential information (and in no event less than reasonable care).

5.2 Connecticut Uniform Trade Secrets Act (Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 35-50 to 35-58)

Where Confidential Information qualifies as a "Trade Secret" under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 35-51(d), the following CUTSA provisions apply:

(a) Injunctive relief — actual or threatened misappropriation may be enjoined under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 35-52;

(b) Damages — actual loss, unjust enrichment, or a reasonable royalty under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 35-53;

(c) Exemplary damages — up to two times compensatory damages for willful and malicious misappropriation under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 35-53(b);

(d) Attorney's fees — available under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 35-54 for willful and malicious misappropriation or bad-faith claims;

(e) Limitations period — three (3) years from discovery under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 35-56.

5.3 Defend Trade Secrets Act Notice

Pursuant to the federal Defend Trade Secrets Act, 18 U.S.C. § 1833(b), an individual is not criminally or civilly liable for disclosure of a trade secret made in confidence to a federal, state, or local government official solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law.

5.4 Duration

Confidentiality obligations survive for [three (3) / five (5)] years after termination, except that obligations regarding Trade Secrets continue for so long as the information qualifies as a Trade Secret under CUTSA.

ARTICLE 6 — RESTRICTIVE COVENANTS UNDER CONNECTICUT LAW

6.1 Connecticut's Unique Non-Compete Framework

Unlike California, Minnesota, North Dakota, and Oklahoma — which broadly ban employment non-competes — Connecticut does NOT have a comprehensive statute prohibiting general employment non-compete agreements. Connecticut enforceability is determined under a common-law five-factor reasonableness test:

1. Length of time the restriction remains in effect;
2. Geographic scope of the restriction;
3. Fairness of protection afforded to the employer;
4. Extent of restraint on the employee's ability to pursue their occupation; and
5. Effect on the public interest.

See Scott v. General Iron & Welding Co., 171 Conn. 132 (1976); Robert S. Weiss & Associates v. Wiederlight, 208 Conn. 525 (1988). Connecticut courts may "blue-pencil" overbroad covenants, but exercise that power with caution. See Beit v. Beit, 135 Conn. 195 (1948).

6.2 Industry-Specific Non-Compete Restrictions Under Connecticut Law

Connecticut has enacted industry-specific statutory non-compete limits that may apply depending on the type of Services provided:

(a) Physicians — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-14p (as amended by P.A. 23-97):

A physician non-compete is enforceable only if:

• Reasonably limited in time, geographic scope, and practice restrictions;
• Not more than one (1) year in duration; and
• Not extending beyond a fifteen (15) mile radius from the physician's primary site of practice.

Effective October 1, 2023, non-compete agreements entered, amended, extended, or renewed are unenforceable if: (i) the physician does not agree to a material change in compensation, AND (ii) the agreement expires without renewal, OR the employer terminates without cause. A narrow exception exists for group practices of 35 or fewer physicians with majority physician ownership.

(b) Physician Assistants (PAs) and Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs) — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-14q:

Effective October 1, 2023, PAs and APRNs are subject to the same 1-year / 15-mile limit. The PA/APRN statute does not contain the small-group-practice exception that applies to physicians.

(c) Broadcast Industry Employees — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-50a:

Non-compete provisions are unenforceable against any employee in a broadcasting industry position (as defined by the statute) upon termination of employment.

(d) Security Guard Industry — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-50b:

Restricted; consult the statute.

6.3 Covenants in This Agreement

[Customize based on applicable industry]

☐ No non-competition restriction shall apply. Client relies solely on confidentiality, trade-secret, and non-solicitation protections under this Agreement.

☐ Limited Non-Competition. For [6 / 12] months following termination, Provider shall not provide services substantially similar to the Services to a direct competitor of Client within [GEOGRAPHIC AREA, reasonable under Connecticut common law]. If Provider is a physician, PA, or APRN, this restriction shall not exceed one (1) year or fifteen (15) miles from Provider's primary site of practice pursuant to Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 20-14p / 20-14q. If Provider is employed in a broadcasting industry position, this restriction is void pursuant to Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-50a.

6.4 Non-Solicitation of Personnel and Clients

For twelve (12) months after termination, Provider shall not:

☐ Solicit, recruit, or hire any employee of Client with whom Provider had material contact;
☐ Solicit business from any Client customer to whom Provider provided Services.

6.5 Blue-Pencil Reformation

If any Connecticut court finds a restriction unreasonable, the Parties authorize the court to reform the restriction to the minimum extent necessary to render it reasonable and enforceable, consistent with Scott v. General Iron & Welding Co. and progeny.

ARTICLE 7 — INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR STATUS & CONNECTICUT ABC TEST

7.1 Independent Contractor Relationship

Provider is an independent contractor. No employment, agency, partnership, or joint venture is created.

7.2 Connecticut ABC Test — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-222(a)(1)(B)

Connecticut applies the ABC Test for unemployment insurance worker classification. A worker is presumed an employee unless ALL THREE prongs are satisfied:

(A) Freedom from control — the individual is free from control and direction in performing the service, both under contract and in fact;

(B) Outside usual course OR outside all places of business — the service is performed either (i) outside the usual course of the hiring entity's business or (ii) outside all places of the hiring entity's business;

(C) Independently established trade — the individual is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, profession, or business of the same nature.

The burden is on the hiring entity. See Southwest Appraisal Group, LLC v. Administrator, Unemployment Compensation Act, 324 Conn. 822 (2017).

7.3 Provider's Tax Obligations

Provider is responsible for:

• Federal and Connecticut income taxes
• Self-employment / FICA taxes
• Workers' compensation coverage
• General liability and professional liability insurance

ARTICLE 8 — CONNECTICUT DATA PRIVACY ACT COMPLIANCE

8.1 CTDPA Applicability (Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 42-515 to 42-525)

The Connecticut Data Privacy Act, effective July 1, 2023, applies to persons that conduct business in Connecticut or produce products/services targeted to Connecticut residents and that, during the preceding calendar year, either:

(a) Controlled or processed personal data of 100,000 or more Connecticut consumers (excluding data processed solely to complete payment transactions); OR

(b) Controlled or processed personal data of 25,000 or more Connecticut consumers and derived more than 25% of gross revenue from the sale of personal data.

8.2 Processor Obligations

If Provider acts as a "processor" under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-520, Provider shall:

(a) Process Personal Data only on Client's documented instructions;

(b) Ensure confidentiality obligations bind each person processing Personal Data;

(c) Implement appropriate technical and organizational security measures;

(d) Engage sub-processors only after providing Client an opportunity to object, and flow down equivalent terms;

(e) Assist Client in responding to consumer rights requests — access, correction, deletion, portability, and opt-out of sale/targeted advertising/profiling;

(f) Make available information necessary to demonstrate compliance and allow reasonable audits;

(g) Delete or return all Personal Data upon termination unless retention is required by law;

(h) Conduct data protection assessments as required by Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-522 for high-risk processing.

8.3 Sensitive Data

Under Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-520(c), Provider shall not process "sensitive data" (defined in § 42-515(27)) without Client's documented instructions confirming the required consumer consent has been obtained.

8.4 Data Breach Notification — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 36a-701b

In the event of a breach of security involving Personal Data:

(a) Provider shall notify Client without unreasonable delay and no later than [24 / 48 / 72] hours after discovery;

(b) Notification to affected Connecticut residents shall be made not later than sixty (60) days following discovery, consistent with § 36a-701b(b)(1);

(c) The Connecticut Office of the Attorney General shall be notified no later than the time notice is provided to residents (§ 36a-701b(b)(3));

(d) If Social Security numbers or taxpayer identification numbers are compromised, the responsible Party shall offer not less than twenty-four (24) months of identity-theft prevention / credit monitoring at no cost to affected residents (§ 36a-701b(b)(2)(B));

(e) Failure to comply is an unfair trade practice under CUTPA (§ 36a-701b(g)), enforceable by the Connecticut Attorney General.

ARTICLE 9 — REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

9.1 Mutual

Each Party is duly organized, has full power to enter into this Agreement, and this Agreement is its valid and binding obligation.

9.2 Provider

Provider warrants:

(a) Services performed in a workmanlike manner in accordance with applicable Connecticut professional standards;
(b) All Personnel hold required Connecticut licenses;
(c) Deliverables will be original or properly licensed;
(d) Compliance with all applicable Connecticut laws, including CUTPA, CUTSA, CTDPA, and applicable licensing statutes;
(e) No misclassification under the Connecticut ABC Test.

9.3 Disclaimer

EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY STATED, PROVIDER DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY CONNECTICUT LAW.

ARTICLE 10 — INDEMNIFICATION

10.1 Provider Indemnification

Provider shall indemnify Client against third-party claims arising from (a) Provider's breach, (b) gross negligence or willful misconduct, (c) IP infringement in Deliverables, (d) violation of Connecticut licensing law, (e) CTDPA or § 36a-701b breaches, or (f) CUTPA violations.

10.2 Client Indemnification

Client shall indemnify Provider against third-party claims arising from (a) Client's breach, (b) IP infringement in Client Materials, or (c) Client's misuse of Deliverables.

ARTICLE 11 — LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

11.1 Exclusion of Consequential Damages

EXCEPT FOR INDEMNIFICATION, CONFIDENTIALITY/TRADE SECRET BREACHES, CTDPA VIOLATIONS, OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT, NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE LIABLE FOR INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES.

11.2 Cap

Each Party's aggregate liability shall not exceed the Fees paid in the [12/24] months preceding the claim.

11.3 CUTPA Carve-Out

Nothing in this Article limits statutory remedies available under the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-110g), including actual damages, punitive damages, and attorney's fees.

11.4 Connecticut Statutes of Limitations

Any claim must be commenced within the applicable Connecticut limitations period:

• Written contracts: Six (6) years — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-576
• Oral contracts: Three (3) years — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-581
• Tort claims: Two (2) years from discovery, three (3) years maximum — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-584
• CUTPA: Three (3) years — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-110g(f)
• CUTSA (trade secrets): Three (3) years — Conn. Gen. Stat. § 35-56

The parties do not by contract shorten the CUTPA or CUTSA limitation periods.

ARTICLE 12 — TERM AND TERMINATION

12.1 Term

Effective from the Effective Date until [DATE] unless earlier terminated.

12.2 Termination for Convenience

Either Party may terminate on [30/60] days' prior written notice.

12.3 Termination for Cause

Either Party may terminate immediately if:

(a) The other Party materially breaches and fails to cure within 30 days of written notice;
(b) The other Party becomes insolvent or files bankruptcy;
(c) Provider's Connecticut professional license is suspended, revoked, or restricted.

12.4 Effect

Upon termination, Client shall pay for Services performed; Provider shall return Confidential Information and deliver completed Work Product.

ARTICLE 13 — DISPUTE RESOLUTION

13.1 Governing Law

This Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of Connecticut without regard to conflict-of-laws principles.

13.2 Mediation / Negotiation

The Parties shall first attempt good-faith negotiation for 30 days, followed by non-binding mediation in Hartford, New Haven, or Stamford, Connecticut.

13.3 Forum

☐ Litigation: Exclusive jurisdiction and venue shall lie in the Connecticut Superior Court for the Judicial District of [Hartford / New Haven / Fairfield / Stamford-Norwalk] or the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut.

☐ Arbitration: Binding arbitration under [AAA / JAMS] Commercial Arbitration Rules in [CITY], Connecticut, with a single arbitrator. Judgment on the award may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction.

13.4 Jury Waiver

EACH PARTY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO A JURY TRIAL. Connecticut courts enforce pre-dispute commercial jury waivers where conspicuous and entered knowingly. See L&R Realty v. Connecticut National Bank, 246 Conn. 1 (1998).

13.5 Injunctive Relief

Either Party may seek injunctive relief in any Connecticut court of competent jurisdiction to protect Confidential Information, Trade Secrets, or IP rights. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 35-52 specifically authorizes injunctive relief for actual or threatened trade-secret misappropriation.

ARTICLE 14 — GENERAL PROVISIONS

14.1 Entire Agreement. This Agreement, including all SOWs, is the entire agreement and supersedes all prior understandings.

14.2 Amendment. Only in writing, signed by both Parties.

14.3 Severability. If any provision is invalid, the remainder continues in effect.

14.4 Assignment. No assignment without prior written consent, except to an affiliate or in a merger/asset sale.

14.5 Notices. By hand, overnight courier, certified mail, or email with confirmation to the addresses listed above.

14.6 Force Majeure. Neither Party is liable for delays caused by events beyond reasonable control, including acts of God and government orders.

14.7 Electronic Signatures. Pursuant to the Connecticut Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-266 et seq., electronic signatures have the same legal effect as original signatures.

14.8 CUTPA Acknowledgment. The Parties acknowledge that their conduct under this Agreement is subject to CUTPA, Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-110a et seq., which prohibits unfair or deceptive acts or practices and provides for actual damages, punitive damages, attorney's fees, and injunctive relief under § 42-110g.

SIGNATURE PAGE

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Professional Services Agreement as of the Effective Date.

SERVICE PROVIDER:

Signature: _______________________________
Printed Name: [____]
Title: [____]
Date: [__/__/____]

CLIENT:

Signature: _______________________________
Printed Name: [____]
Title: [____]
Date: [__/__/____]

EXHIBIT A — STATEMENT OF WORK TEMPLATE

SOW No.: [____]
Effective Date: [__/__/____]
Reference Agreement: Professional Services Agreement dated [__/__/____]

1. Project Description: [____]

2. Services / Tasks:

3. Deliverables:

4. Fees: $[____]

5. Connecticut-Specific Requirements: [licensing requirements, CTDPA processing instructions, etc.]

AGREED:

Provider: _______________________________ Date: [__/__/____]
Client: _______________________________ Date: [__/__/____]

CONNECTICUT-SPECIFIC NOTES

1. No General Non-Compete Ban. Unlike California (Bus. & Prof. § 16600) or Minnesota (Minn. Stat. § 181.988), Connecticut has NOT enacted a comprehensive statutory ban on employment non-competes. Enforceability remains governed by the common-law five-factor reasonableness test. Connecticut's 2023 legislative session considered but did not pass general non-compete reform legislation.

2. Physician/PA/APRN Non-Competes (§§ 20-14p, 20-14q). Since July 1, 2016 (and as significantly strengthened by Public Act 23-97 on July 1, 2023 for physicians and October 1, 2023 for PAs/APRNs), healthcare-provider non-competes are capped at 1 year / 15 miles from the primary site of practice, with additional unenforceability triggers for material compensation changes.

3. Broadcast Industry Non-Competes (§ 31-50a). Connecticut is one of the few states that statutorily voids non-compete provisions against employees in broadcasting industry positions.

4. CTDPA Effective July 1, 2023. Connecticut was among the first "second wave" of state privacy laws. Applies at 100,000 consumer / 25,000+ sale-of-data thresholds.

5. Data Breach Notification (§ 36a-701b). 60-day resident notice cap, Attorney General notice, and mandatory 24 months of credit monitoring for SSN/TIN breaches. Non-compliance is a per se CUTPA violation.

6. CUTSA (§§ 35-50 to 35-58). Connecticut adopted the Uniform Trade Secrets Act; recognizes exemplary damages up to 2× actual for willful/malicious misappropriation.

7. ABC Test (§ 31-222). Strict for independent-contractor classification. Burden on the hiring entity; all three prongs required.

8. 8% Legal Interest Rate (§ 37-1) / 12% Usury Ceiling (§ 37-4). Default Connecticut rates.

9. 6-Year Written Contract SOL (§ 52-576). Longer than many states.

10. Electronic Signatures (§ 1-266 et seq.). Connecticut UETA equivalent.

SOURCES AND REFERENCES

• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-14p — Physician non-compete restrictions (as amended by P.A. 23-97): https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/title_20.htm
• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-14q — APRN/PA non-compete restrictions
• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-50a — Broadcast industry non-compete void
• Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 35-50 to 35-58 — Connecticut Uniform Trade Secrets Act
• Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 42-515 to 42-525 — Connecticut Data Privacy Act (CTDPA): https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_743dd.htm
• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 42-110a et seq. — CUTPA
• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 36a-701b — Data breach notification
• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 52-576 — 6-year statute of limitations for written contracts
• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 37-1 / § 37-4 — Legal rate of interest and usury cap
• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 31-222 — ABC Test
• Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-266 et seq. — Uniform Electronic Transactions Act
• Public Act 23-97 — Connecticut physician/APRN/PA non-compete reform
• Scott v. General Iron & Welding Co., 171 Conn. 132 (1976)
• Robert S. Weiss & Associates v. Wiederlight, 208 Conn. 525 (1988)
• Southwest Appraisal Group, LLC v. Administrator, 324 Conn. 822 (2017)
• L&R Realty v. Connecticut National Bank, 246 Conn. 1 (1998)

This template is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws change frequently; verify current requirements with a licensed Connecticut attorney.