Corporate Shareholder Books-and-Records Inspection Requirements by State
What corporate books, records, lists, communications, and financial statements may a shareholder inspect or copy, and what standing, demand, purpose, timing, confidentiality, court, cost, penalty, and defense rules apply?
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Every entry, oldest check August 25, 2026
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What this survey covers
A corporation's duty to keep a record does not always give every shareholder an automatic right to inspect it. Some statutes create separate access tiers for basic governing records, accounting books, board minutes, shareholder lists, and financial statements. Standing, demand form, purpose, burden of proof, and court procedure can change from one tier to another.
This survey follows a private-company shareholder from ownership status and the demand through the records covered, inspection and copying mechanics, confidentiality, court enforcement, expenses, penalties, and defenses. It reports statutory procedure without deciding whether a purpose is proper or a particular record is essential to that purpose.
The comparison axes
Standing and demand procedure come first. A record holder may have direct rights while a beneficial owner must prove ownership or act through the record holder. A state may require an ownership period, a percentage threshold, a verified demand, particularized categories, a waiting period, or none of those conditions.
The records and remedies require separate dimensions. A statute may distinguish governing documents and shareholder minutes from accounting books, informal electronic communications, subsidiary records, voting lists, and financial statements. Copying cost, inspection location, confidentiality conditions, burden allocation, expedited court relief, fee shifting, penalties, and misuse defenses can then vary independently.
Why a state comparison matters
Texas generally requires six months of ownership or at least 5 percent of the outstanding shares, a written proper-purpose demand, and records reasonably related to that purpose. It excludes ordinary email, texts, and social-media material unless the communication effectuates corporate action, while preserving a court-compulsion route without the duration or percentage floor. Tex. Bus. Orgs. Code § 21.218.
Illinois instead gives a record shareholder a proper-purpose route after a particularized written demand, shifts the burden depending on the record category, authorizes a penalty up to 10 percent of the shareholder's share value, and separately requires requested year-end financial statements. 805 ILCS 5/7.75. Ohio states a broad written-demand right for articles, regulations, account books, minutes, shareholder records, and filed voting trusts, but treats the meeting voting list as a separate request-at-the-meeting procedure. Ohio Rev. Code § 1701.37.
Those differences justify distinct dimensions for standing, demand procedure, purpose and burden, record categories, electronic material, lists and financials, production mechanics, court relief, penalties, and defenses.
Scope boundaries
This is a state-law procedure survey for a shareholder of an ordinary domestic private business corporation. It does not decide proper purpose, confidentiality, record necessity, misconduct, valuation, fiduciary breach, derivative standing, oppression, or trade-secret protection; conduct discovery; or prepare a public- company disclosure or proxy demand. Director access, federal securities systems, nonprofit and regulated entities, and disputed substantive claims remain outside the ordinary comparison.
Two final-state contrasts
Vermont and Wyoming show why standing, record categories, and meeting remedies remain separate columns even within closely related statutes. Vermont gives a beneficial owner whose shares are held in a voting trust or by a nominee a five-business-day route, places accounting records and the shareholder record behind a good-faith proper-purpose test, and can negate meeting action after a timely shareholder-list objection unless the statute's cure applies. 11A V.S.A. § 16.02 and § 7.20 (accessed 2026-08-25).
Wyoming also uses a five-business-day basic-record route, but its enhanced tier requires both six months of record ownership and at least 5 percent of all outstanding shares. Its meeting-list remedy can include fees and postponement, while the statute expressly says list failure does not affect the validity of meeting action. Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§ 17-16-720 and 17-16-1602 (accessed 2026-08-25).
State by state
Every column answered the same way for each jurisdiction. Open a state for the full page, with the statute text and the date it was checked.
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| State | Governing law, entity, holder, records, and scope | Record or beneficial owner, duration, percentage, and proof | Demand form, signature, delivery, specificity, and wait | Proper purpose, good faith, presumption, burden, and affidavit | Core books, minutes, ledgers, governing documents, and voting agreements | Emails, electronic records, subsidiaries, and exclusions | Shareholder lists, financial statements, communications, and meeting access | Location, hours, copies, format, cost, agent, and confidentiality | Court compulsion, expedited process, fees, and protective orders | Penalties, defenses, misuse, public-company, litigation, and dispute boundaries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama verified 2026-08-25 | Alabama Business Corporation Law, Ala. Code tit. 10A, ch. 2A, principally §§ 10A-2A-7.20 and 10A-2A-16.01 to -16.04 as amended by Act 2026-495; ordinary domestic private business corporation; direct/broader tiers, meeting list, financials, confidentiality, misuse, and court relief |
Covered stockholder means record stockholder, beneficial stockholder, or unrestricted voting-trust beneficial owner; no duration/percentage floor. Non-record demand states status, includes documentary evidence, and states it is a true/correct copy; agent/attorney demand adds written authority (§§ 10A-2A-1.40, 10A-2A-16.02 to -16.03) |
Signed written notice delivered at least 5 business days before desired inspection; delivery includes hand, mail, commercial delivery, and authorized electronic transmission. Non-record proof required. Broader demand particularizes purpose and records; meeting-list inspection uses written demand (§§ 10A-2A-1.40, 10A-2A-7.20, 10A-2A-16.02) |
Direct tier has no threshold proper-purpose test, but purpose-based redaction/restrictions may apply. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose directly related to holder interest, particularity, and direct relation; specified derivative/adversarial litigation is not proper. Corporation bears restriction-reasonableness burden (§ 10A-2A-16.02) |
Direct: current certificate/bylaws, dependent-fact notices, 3 years' general communications, stockholder minutes/actions, current directors/officers; board/committee minutes/actions excluded. Broader: 3 years' financials and reports, supporting accounting, board/committee excerpts, stockholder record. Voting agreements not separately named (§§ 10A-2A-16.01 to -16.02) |
Stockholder record includes email/electronic addresses used for notices; corporation may choose electronic copies and may post financials online or use other recognized/SEC-permitted means. No express general email, metadata, informal-message, or subsidiary-record inspection category (§§ 10A-2A-16.01 to -16.03) |
Meeting list available by tenth day before meeting at physical location or accessible network; copying imports broader purpose tests, costs holder, and is meeting-only/confidential. Financials/reports retained 3 years and available through broader tier, including website/recognized means; no separate automatic annual-mailing rule (§§ 10A-2A-7.20, 10A-2A-16.01 to -16.02) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-selected location; regular business hours. Agent/attorney with power or other writing. Corporation may choose photocopy/electronic means and reasonable estimated charge; fresh stockholder list at corporation expense. Redaction, confidentiality, nondisclosure, safeguarding, and use conditions permitted (§§ 10A-2A-16.02 to -16.03) |
Designated court, otherwise circuit court in in-state principal-office county, then latest registered-office county; summary direct-tier order at corporation expense and expedited broader application. Broader-order expenses mandatory unless good-faith reasonable doubt or reasonable refused restrictions; court may impose confidentiality/use/distribution conditions (§ 10A-2A-16.04) |
No fixed damages. Corporation may deny after improper prior-record use within 2 years and may withhold stockholder record after unauthorized list sale/ offer within 2 years. Active/pending derivative or adversarial litigation may defeat proper purpose; ordinary litigation access preserved. Qualifying 12-month SEC filer excluded; § 7.32 agreement may limit right (§ 10A-2A-16.02) |
| Alaska verified 2026-08-25 | Alaska Corporations Code, Alaska Stat. §§ 10.06.233, .413, .430, .433, .990; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; record shareholder; bylaws, purpose-tested books, meeting list, financials, court power, percentage/fixed/daily penalties, and defenses |
Shareholder means record holder; no duration/percentage/proof floor for books route. Corporation may create nominee-beneficial-owner recognition procedure, but no automatic beneficial-owner route. Financial interim request requires holders of at least 5% of outstanding shares of a class (§§ 10.06.356, .430, .433(c), .990(40)) |
Books: written demand stating purpose with reasonable particularity; no signature, oath, verification, recipient, delivery method, or wait. Meeting-list penalty requires written performance request. 5% interim financials due within 30 days; general last-prepared statements on written request have no stated deadline (§§ 10.06.413, .430, .433) |
Books/minutes/shareholder record: proper purpose and direct connection to particularized purpose; court compulsion after proof of properly made demand/proper purpose. Lack of good faith or proper purpose defeats penalty. No affidavit, presumption, or express category burden stated (§ 10.06.430) |
Purpose-tested: books/records of account, shareholder/board/committee minutes, shareholder record. Current bylaws separately inspectable during office hours or furnished on written request if no Alaska office. Voting agreements not expressly included (§§ 10.06.233, .430) |
Account books, minutes, and shareholder record may be written or convertible to writing within reasonable time. No express email, text, metadata, native-format, informal-message, or subsidiary-record inspection category; financial-statement definition generally consolidates subsidiaries (§§ 10.06.430, .970(5)) |
Meeting voting list open 20 days before and during meeting, with meeting electronic-network option; $5,000 officer/agent penalty after written request. Annual report due by earlier of 180 days/following meeting notice, but under-100-holder exemption. 5% interim route and general last-prepared statement request (§§ 10.06.413, .433) |
Books/certified copies at registered office or principal place of business in Alaska; reasonable time; person/agent/attorney; inspect/copy. Bylaws at Alaska office during office hours. Statute states no copy-cost, remote-production, or confidentiality term (§§ 10.06.233, .430) |
Court may compel account books, minutes, and shareholder record after proof of proper demand/proper purpose; may enforce financial duties and extend time for good cause. No venue, summary/expedited formula, attorney-fee shifting, appeal rule, or protective-order power stated in these provisions (§§ 10.06.430(d), .433(f)) |
Books refusal: greater of 10% share value/$5,000 plus other remedies; defense: within 2 years list sale/offer, aiding procurement, prior misuse, bad faith, or improper purpose. Meeting-list penalty $5,000. Financial failure $25/day after 30 days, max $1,500. Reporting exemptions/public overlays and fiduciary/discovery merits separate (§§ 10.06.413, .430(c), .433) |
| Arizona verified 2026-08-25 | A.R.S. §§ 10-720, 10-1601 to -1604, 10-1620; ordinary Arizona business corporation; record shareholder/voting-trust beneficial-interest holder; two record tiers, meeting list, financials, copies, costs, and court relief |
Both tiers: record shareholder or record voting-trust beneficial-interest holder for ≥6 months, or record holder of ≥5% of all outstanding shares. Independent court route has no duration/percentage floor. No nominee- beneficial-owner route stated (§ 10-1602(A)-(B), (E)(2)) |
Written notice under § 10-141 ≥5 business days before inspection for both tiers; broader demand describes purpose/records with reasonable particularity. No signature, verification, or affidavit stated. Financial request written; latest statements mailed/transmitted (§§ 10-1602, 10-1620(C)) |
No purpose test stated for core tier. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, particularity, and direct connection. Independent court compulsion requires proof of proper purpose. Corporation bears fee-defense proof; no affidavit/presumption (§§ 10-1602(C), (E)(2), 10-1604(C)) |
Core: current articles/bylaws, share-right resolutions, 3 years shareholder minutes/actions and general communications/financials, director/officer list, latest report, statutory shareholder agreement. Broader: remaining board/committee/shareholder materials, accounting records, shareholder record, latest financials (§§ 10-1601(E), 10-1602(A)-(B)) |
Records may be written or reasonably convertible to written form. Core tier covers 3 years of written general shareholder communications; no express email/text/metadata/informal or subsidiary-record inspection rule. Financials may consolidate/combine subsidiaries (§§ 10-1601(D)-(E), 10-1620(A)) |
Shareholder record is broader-tier. Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting at listed physical locations; inspection any shareholder, copying imports broader test. Annual financials go to all shareholders within 120 days; latest copy on written request (§§ 10-720, 10-1620) |
Core at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-set location; regular hours; agent/attorney. Reasonable photographic/xerographic/other copies; charge capped at estimated labor/material production cost. No express pre-order confidentiality term (§§ 10-1602 to -1603) |
Core summary order in known-place-of-business county at corporate expense; broader expedited order in principal-office county. Costs/attorney fees shift unless good-faith reasonable-doubt defense; shareholder may pay corporate costs if demand materially denied; court may restrict use/ distribution (§ 10-1604) |
No statutory damages in surveyed sections. Good-faith reasonable-doubt fee defense and reverse-cost exposure; court use/distribution restrictions; meeting-list failure does not invalidate action. Litigation and independent court production preserved (§§ 10-720(E), 10-1602(E), 10-1604(C)-(D)) |
| Arkansas verified 2026-08-25 | Arkansas Business Corporation Act of 1987, Ark. Code §§ 4-27-101 to -1706; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; shareholder statutory inspection, meeting-list, financial-statement, and court routes |
Shareholder means record holder or beneficial owner to the rights granted by a nominee certificate on file. No duration, percentage, or separate ownership-proof floor in §§ 4-27-1602 to -1605 (§ 4-27-140) |
Both inspection tiers require written notice at least 5 business days before inspection. Broader demand must particularly describe purpose and records. No signature, oath, verification, named recipient, or delivery method stated (§ 4-27-1602) |
Direct principal-office tier has no purpose test. Board/accounting/shareholder-record tier requires good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and records directly connected to purpose; no affidavit, presumption, or express burden stated (§ 4-27-1602) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, share-class resolutions, 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions, current directors/officers, latest report. Broader: other shareholder minutes/actions, board/committee excerpts, accounting, shareholder record (§§ 4-27-1601 to -1602) |
Records may be written or reasonably convertible to writing; direct tier includes 3 years of written communications to shareholders generally. No express internal-email, native-format, metadata, or general subsidiary-record right; annual financials may consolidate/combine subsidiaries (§§ 4-27-1601, 4-27-1605) |
Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting; written-demand copies import purpose test. Annual financials mailed to all within 120 days; unmailed holder may request latest. Direct tier includes 3 years' general communications/statements (§§ 4-27-708, 4-27-1601, 4-27-1605) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader tier at reasonable corporation-specified location, both regular hours. Agent/attorney has same rights; reasonable photographic/other copies and estimated production cost. No pre-suit confidentiality condition; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 4-27-1602 to -1604) |
Circuit court at principal-office county, or registered-office county if none in state. Direct tier may be summarily ordered at corporation expense; broader tier is expedited. Corporation pays costs/fees unless it proves good-faith reasonable doubt; court may restrict use/distribution (§ 4-27-1604) |
No special statutory damages or misuse defense in surveyed sections. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats fee shifting. Meeting-list court may postpone meeting; refusal does not invalidate action. Litigation inspection and independent court production remain preserved (§§ 4-27-708, 4-27-1602, 4-27-1604) |
| California verified 2026-08-25 | Cal. Corp. Code §§ 185, 213, 1500-1501, 1600-1605, 2200; ordinary domestic stock corporation; record shareholder/voting-trust holder; director-only § 1602 excluded |
Shareholder means record holder; no duration floor. Any record holder/voting-trust certificate holder has proper-purpose routes; absolute list route requires at least 5% voting shares or 1% plus Schedule 14A (§§ 185, 1600) |
Written demand. Absolute list inspection: 5 business days' prior demand; transfer-agent list: later of 5 business days or specified date. Books route states no fixed wait (§§ 1600-1601) |
Threshold list route is absolute; other list/books access requires a purpose reasonably related to holder interest. Statute states no express burden allocation; meeting-postponement complaint is verified (§§ 1600-1601) |
Current bylaws; accounting books/records; shareholder, board, and committee minutes; shareholder record; subsidiary records; voting-trust-holder access (§§ 213, 1500, 1600-1601) |
Written or legible-tangible-convertible retention; requested nonwritten record must be supplied in writing at corporation cost; optional mail/electronic production at requester cost; emails not specifically named (§§ 1500, 1601, 1605) |
List has absolute and proper-purpose routes. Annual report due within 120 days unless qualifying under-100-holder bylaw waiver; no-report and 5% interim requests have 30-day delivery rules (§§ 1501, 1600) |
CA principal office or agent's physical location; usual hours; holder/agent/attorney; copies/extracts. Requester pays reasonable mail/electronic copy or conversion cost; no express pre-demand confidentiality term (§§ 1600-1601) |
Superior court may compel with just/proper conditions, appoint inspectors/accountants, use contempt, and shift expenses/fees; threshold-list delay may postpone a noticed meeting (§§ 1501, 1600, 1603-1604) |
§ 2200: $25/day, max $1,500 after 30 days, for recordkeeping/statement failures, not every refusal. List misuse, SEC/public, discovery, purpose merits, and director route remain separate (§§ 1602, 2200) |
| Colorado verified 2026-08-25 | Colorado Business Corporation Act, C.R.S. arts. 101-117, principally §§ 7-107-201 and 7-116-101 to -105; ordinary domestic private for-profit corporation; shareholder/beneficial owner; core tier, broader tier, meeting list, financials, costs, and court relief |
Inspection shareholder includes beneficial owner. Core tier: no duration/ percentage floor. Broader tier: shareholder for at least 3 months OR at least 5% of any outstanding class on demand date; agent/attorney same rights (§§ 7-116-102 to -103) |
Written demand at least 5 business days before inspection; no express signature, verification, recipient, or delivery-method rule. Broader demand states purpose and records with reasonable particularity; access due within reasonable time after compliant demand (§§ 7-116-102, 7-116-104) |
No purpose test for core tier. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose reasonably related to shareholder interest, particularity, and direct connection; meeting-list copying imports those tests. No affidavit/ presumption; corporation bears court fee/damages defense (§§ 7-107-201, 7-116-102, 7-116-104) |
Core: articles/bylaws; 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions; current director/officer list; latest periodic report; 3 years' group communications and requestable financials. Broader: board/shareholder/committee minutes and actions, waivers, accounting, shareholder record. Voting-trust agreements not expressly named (§§ 7-116-101 to -102) |
Records must be maintained in written form; core includes 3 years of written communications to shareholders as a group/class/series. Meeting list may be on accessible electronic network. No express email, metadata, informal- message, subsidiary-record, or remote-production category (§§ 7-107-201, 7-116-101 to -102) |
Shareholder record is broader-tier. Meeting list available from earlier of 10 days before meeting or 2 business days after notice through meeting/ adjournment, including remote network; copying imports broader tests. Any shareholder may request delivery of most recent annual/published financials, if any; no deadline stated (§§ 7-107-201, 7-116-105) |
Core at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-stated location; regular hours; agent/attorney; reasonable photographic/xerographic/other copies. Charge capped at estimated labor/material cost. No express pre- demand confidentiality term; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 7-116-102 to -104) |
District court in principal-office county, then registered-agent county, then Denver; summary order. Core order/certain list orders at corporation expense; costs/counsel fees mandatory absent good-faith reasonable doubt; damages and broader inspection/copy expenses discretionary; use restrictions allowed (§§ 7-107-201, 7-116-104) |
No fixed statutory penalty; court may award actual damages and other lawful relief. Good-faith reasonable-doubt defense to fee/damages consequences; court use/distribution restrictions. Meeting action remains valid despite list failure; litigation and independent court power preserved (§§ 7-107-201, 7-116-102, 7-116-104) |
| Connecticut verified 2026-08-25 | Connecticut Business Corporation Act, Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 33-600 to 33-998, principally §§ 33-704 and 33-945 to 33-951; ordinary domestic stock corporation; direct/broader tiers, meeting information and lists, financials, electronic copies, court relief, expenses, and boundaries |
Shareholder includes beneficial owner whose shares are held in voting trust or by nominee for inspection section. No duration, percentage, or express proof-document floor; agent/attorney has same rights (§§ 33-946(g), 33-947(a)) |
Signed written notice to corporation at least 5 business days before desired inspection for both tiers; no oath, verification, named recipient, or delivery-address rule. Broader demand particularly describes purpose and records; meeting-list route uses written demand (§§ 33-704, 33-946) |
No purpose test for principal-office tier. Broader records and meeting-list copying require good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection. No affidavit, presumption, or express burden allocation; corporation bears good-faith reasonable-doubt expense defense (§§ 33-704, 33-946, 33-948) |
Direct: current certificate/bylaws; outstanding-share resolutions; 3 years of shareholder minutes/actions, communications, and furnished financials; current leaders; latest annual report. Broader: other shareholder/board/ committee minutes/actions, accounting records, shareholder record. Voting agreements not named (§§ 33-945 to 33-946) |
Records may be documents including electronic records, or other form convertible to paper within reasonable time; copies may be electronic if available/requested. Financial statements may consolidate/combine subsidiaries. No express email, metadata, informal-message, or general subsidiary-record inspection category (§§ 33-945, 33-947, 33-951) |
Shareholder record is broader tier. Notice list available from 2 business days after meeting notice through meeting; voting list promptly after record date; physical/network and in-meeting access, purpose-tested copying, summary remedy. Annual financials generally delivered to each shareholder within 120 days; regulatory-company exception and public-company SEC route (§§ 33-704, 33-946, 33-951) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular business hours; agent/attorney. Xerographic/other copies, including requested electronic transmission if available; charge capped at estimated labor/material production, reproduction, or transmission cost; corporation-paid demand-date-or-newer list. No pre-demand confidentiality term; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 33-946 to 33-948) |
Superior court in principal-office judicial district, then registered- office district; summary core order at corporation expense and expedited broader application. Mandatory expenses, including reasonable counsel fees, unless good-faith reasonable doubt; use/distribution restrictions. Meeting- list summary order at corporation expense may postpone meeting (§§ 33-602, 33-704, 33-948) |
No fixed statutory damages or misuse defense. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats mandatory expense shift; certificate/bylaws cannot limit right. Meeting-list failure does not invalidate action; litigation access and independent court production power preserved. Public-company SEC financial route; discovery, fiduciary, valuation, and trade-secret merits remain separate (§§ 33-704, 33-946, 33-948, 33-951) |
| Delaware verified 2026-08-25 | Delaware General Corporation Law, 8 Del. C. §§ 218-220, 224; ordinary domestic stock corporation; record and qualifying beneficial stockholders; enumerated corporation/subsidiary records, voting-trust, meeting-list, and Chancery routes |
Record holder or beneficial owner through voting trust/nominee; no duration or percentage floor. Nonrecord holder states status, supplies documentary evidence, and affirms it is a true/correct copy (§ 220(a)(3), (b)(5)) |
Written demand under oath to Delaware registered office or principal place; good faith; purpose and records described with reasonable particularity. Agent supplies authority. Chancery route after refusal or no reply within 5 business days (§ 220(b)-(c)) |
Good faith; proper purpose reasonably related to stockholder interest; records specifically related. Applicant proves proper purpose for nonlist books; corporation proves improper purpose for stock ledger/list after standing and demand compliance (§ 220(a)-(c)) |
Certificate/bylaws and incorporated instruments; 3 years of stockholder minutes/consents; board/committee minutes/actions/materials; 3 years of annual financials; § 122(18) agreements; independence questionnaires; stock ledger/list; delivered voting-trust agreement (§§ 218, 220) |
General stockholder written/electronic communications for 3 years expressly included; other specific records need compelling need and clear-and-convincing necessity. Subsidiary records require possession/control or obtainable control without third-party-agreement or governing-law bar (§ 220(a)-(b), (g)) |
Demand may reach stock ledger/list, 3 years of annual financials and general stockholder communications. Meeting list open for germane purpose during 10 days ending day before meeting, electronically or at principal place (§§ 219-220) |
Usual business hours; stockholder/attorney/agent; copies/extracts; electronic records convertible to legible paper on request. Corporation may impose reasonable confidentiality/use/distribution terms and redact unrelated portions; requester pays reasonable cost of court-ordered dated list (§§ 220, 224) |
Exclusive Court of Chancery; summary compulsion after refusal/5-business-day nonreply; conditions, limitations, just/proper relief, in-state production, and statutory expanded-record showings. No express attorney-fee formula (§ 220(c), (e)-(h)) |
No express damages/percentage penalty in §§ 219-220. Defenses/boundaries include improper purpose, deficient demand/standing, unrelated redaction, subsidiary-access bars, confidentiality/use conditions, separate litigation discovery, public-company questionnaire branch, and pre-Feb. 18, 2025 demands (§ 220; 85 Del. Laws ch. 6, § 3) |
| District of Columbia verified 2026-08-25 | D.C. Business Corporation Act, D.C. Code §§ 29-305.20, -313.01 to -313.07; ordinary domestic business corporation; direct and purpose-tested tiers, meeting list, automatic financials, electronic copies, Superior Court relief, expenses, restrictions, and boundaries |
Shareholder includes beneficial owner whose shares are held in voting trust or by nominee for inspection section; no duration, percentage, affidavit, or proof-document floor stated (§ 29-313.02(f)) |
Both tiers: notice in a record at least 5 business days before requested inspection/copy date; no signature, oath, verification, named recipient, or delivery method. Broader tier particularly describes purpose and records. Unsent financials use later written request with no deadline (§§ 29-313.02, -313.07(c)) |
Direct principal-office tier has no purpose test. Board/committee excerpts, accounting records, and shareholder record require good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection; no presumption, affidavit, or express burden allocation (§ 29-313.02(a)-(c)) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, share-class resolutions, 3 years shareholder minutes/actions and general communications, current leaders, latest biennial report. Broader: board/committee and other action excerpts, accounting records, shareholder record. Voting agreements not named (§§ 29-313.01 to -313.02) |
Records may be written or convertible to writing; reasonable copies may use electronic transmission if available/requested. General shareholder communications for 3 years covered, but no express internal email, text, metadata, native-format, informal-message, or subsidiary-record inspection category; annual financials may combine subsidiaries (§§ 29-313.01, -313.03, -313.07) |
Shareholder record is purpose-tested. Meeting list inspectable from 2 business days after notice through meeting; record-demand copying imports proper-purpose requirements. Annual financials delivered to all within 120 days; latest mailed on later written request if unsent; public SEC route (§§ 29-305.20, -313.07) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular hours; agent/attorney. Reasonable xerographic/electronic copies; charge capped at estimated labor/material production/reproduction/transmission cost; demand-date-or-newer shareholder list may be corporate-paid. Court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 29-313.02 to -313.04) |
Superior Court: direct tier summary order at corporation expense; broader tier expedited after unreasonable delay. If access ordered, corporation pays shareholder expenses unless it proves good-faith reasonable doubt; court may restrict use/distribution. Statute does not expressly define expenses to include attorney fees (§§ 29-301.02(11), -313.04) |
No fixed damages/percentage penalty. Expense defense is good-faith refusal based on reasonable doubt. Articles/bylaws cannot limit rights; litigation inspection and independent Superior Court production preserved; meeting-list failure does not invalidate action. Public financial SEC route; misuse/fiduciary/discovery merits separate (§§ 29-305.20, -313.02, -313.04, -313.07) |
| Florida verified 2026-08-25 | Fla. Stat. §§ 607.0720, 607.1601-.1604, 607.1620; ordinary domestic business corporation; record/beneficial shareholder and unrestricted voting-trust beneficial owner; director rights excluded |
Record shareholder, beneficial shareholder, or unrestricted voting-trust beneficial owner; no duration or percentage floor stated. Meeting list uses shareholder/agent/attorney (§§ 607.0720, 607.1602(10)) |
Written notice at least 5 business days before inspection for both tiers. Tier 2 demand must particularly describe purpose and records; annual financial request is written with 5-business-day response rules (§§ 607.1602, 607.1620) |
Tier 1 basic records: no purpose showing. Tier 2: good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, direct connection. Annual-financial refusal burdens corporation in court; no demand oath stated (§§ 607.1602, 607.1620) |
Tier 1: articles, bylaws, 3 years' general shareholder communications, shareholder minutes/actions, current directors/officers, annual report. Tier 2: board excerpts, financials, accounting, shareholder record, other books; subsidiary records included (§§ 607.1601-.1602) |
Copies may be furnished by corporation-chosen means including electronic transmission; written shareholder communications for past 3 years are retained. No general email/text category stated; tier rights extend to subsidiaries (§§ 607.1601-.1603) |
Notice/voting lists available before and through meeting; written-demand copy subject to purpose rule. Annual financials: 5 business days if ready; otherwise notice in 5 days and delivery within 120 days or reasonably necessary extra time (§§ 607.0720, 607.1620) |
Tier 1 at principal office; tier 2 at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular hours; agent/attorney; corporation may choose copy method and charge reasonable cost. Tier 2 permits reasonable disclosure/use/distribution and confidentiality terms (§§ 607.1602-.1603) |
Tier 1 summary order at corporation expense plus mandatory expenses/fees. Tier 2 and financial applications expedited; court may impose confidentiality/use restrictions and shifts fees subject to good-faith/refused-restriction defenses (§§ 607.1604, 607.1620) |
Tier 2 may be denied for improper purpose, list sale/assistance within 2 years, or prior misuse; inspected data cannot be sold/distributed beyond proper purpose. Meeting-list refusal supports adjournment/order but not invalidation (§§ 607.0720, 607.1602) |
| Georgia verified 2026-08-25 | O.C.G.A. §§ 14-2-720, 14-2-1601 to -1604, 14-2-1620; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; shareholder/qualifying beneficial owner; two inspection tiers |
Shareholder includes beneficial owner through voting trust or nominee; no duration floor. Articles/bylaws may limit only broader § 14-2-1602(c) access for holders of 2% or less (§ 14-2-1602(e), (g)) |
Written notice at least 5 business days before inspection. Broader tier also requires purpose and records with reasonable particularity; no verification or prescribed delivery route (§ 14-2-1602(b)-(d)) |
Core § 14-2-1602(a) tier has no purpose test. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose reasonably relevant to legitimate shareholder interest, direct connection, and stated-purpose-only use; no affidavit (§ 14-2-1602(d)) |
Core tier: current articles/bylaws, specified board resolutions, 3 years of shareholder minutes/waivers/consents and communications, director/officer list, annual registration. Broader tier: other board/shareholder action records, accounting, shareholder record (§ 14-2-1602) |
Core tier includes 3 years of written/electronic communications to shareholders generally and electronic consents; records may be convertible to writing; shareholder record converted free. No general internal-email, metadata, or subsidiary-record rule (§§ 14-2-1601(d), 14-2-1602(a), 14-2-1603(d)) |
Meeting list available by electronic network or at principal place and throughout meeting; court may order access/postpone meeting. Financials prepared within 4 months and before annual meeting; promptly mailed to record holder on written/electronic request (§§ 14-2-720, 14-2-1620) |
Core tier: regular hours at principal office. Broader tier: regular hours at reasonable corporation-set location. Agent/attorney; reasonable photographic/xerographic/other copies; cost capped at estimated production/reproduction; shareholder-list conversion free (§§ 14-2-1602 to -1603) |
Superior court in registered-office county: summary core-tier order at corporation expense; broader-tier proceeding expedited. Costs/fees shift unless good-faith reasonable doubt; court may restrict use/distribution (§ 14-2-1604) |
No separate statutory damages in surveyed sections. Good-faith/reasonable-doubt fee defense; stated-purpose-only use; ≤2% broader-tier limitation; litigation and independent court production powers preserved; meeting-list refusal does not invalidate action (§§ 14-2-720(d), 14-2-1602(d)-(f), 14-2-1604(c)) |
| Hawaii verified 2026-08-25 | Hawaii Business Corporation Act, Haw. Rev. Stat. §§ 414-1, -3, -141, -470; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation. Statutory access is the shareholder register and meeting list; retention duty is broader than inspection right |
Shareholder is record holder or beneficial owner to rights granted by a nominee certificate on file. No duration, percentage, or separate proof floor for register or meeting-list access (§§ 414-3, -141, -470) |
Shareholder register: application for certified transcript; inspection needs no written demand or fixed wait. Meeting list: written demand, available from 2 business days after meeting notice; no signature, oath, purpose statement, or prescribed delivery method (§§ 414-141, -470) |
No statutory proper-purpose, good-faith, affidavit, presumption, particularity, or burden condition for shareholder-register or meeting-list access (§§ 414-141, -470) |
Corporation must keep complete account books and shareholder/board minutes, but § 414-470 opens only the shareholder register. No general statutory access to accounting books, minutes, governing documents, or voting agreements |
Retained books/minutes may use any storage method if convertible to clearly legible paper; corporation pays conversion for a person otherwise entitled to inspect. Meeting list may use a reasonably accessible electronic network. No email, text, metadata, native-format, or subsidiary-record right (§§ 414-141, -470) |
Register open at all reasonable times; paid certified transcript. Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting at office/place/electronic network and at meeting. Chapter 414 states no shareholder financial-statement or general-communications access route (§§ 414-141, -470; Part XVII index) |
Register: all reasonable times; certified transcript at reasonable shareholder charge; stored-record paper conversion at corporation expense if requester otherwise entitled. Meeting list: principal office, noticed city location, or secure electronic network; regular hours; shareholder/agent/attorney; shareholder pays copying (§§ 414-141, -470) |
Circuit court may summarily order meeting-list inspection/copying at corporate expense and postpone meeting. Section 414-470 states no register-specific court route, expedited process, fee shifting, or protective-order power (§§ 414-141, -470) |
No fixed damages, officer liability, misuse defense, confidentiality condition, public-company branch, or general litigation boundary in surveyed provisions. Meeting-list refusal does not invalidate action; other substantive and discovery disputes remain outside (§§ 414-141, -470) |
| Idaho verified 2026-08-25 | Idaho Business Corporation Act, Idaho Code §§ 30-29-101, -140, -720, -1601 to -1604, -1620; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; inspection, meeting-list, financial, and court routes |
§ 30-29-1602 includes record and beneficial shareholders and unrestricted voting-trust beneficial owners, with no duration, percentage, or proof floor. General meeting-list/financial use of shareholder means record shareholder (§ 30-29-140) |
Signed written notice: direct tier at least 5 business days; broader tier at least 5 days and particularized purpose/records. Financials: written request and 5-business-day response. No oath, named recipient, or delivery method (§§ 30-29-1602, -1620) |
Direct tier has no purpose test. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection. Financial request may be refused on a reasonable bad-faith/improper-purpose determination; corporation bears court burden (§§ 30-29-1602, -1620) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, dependent-fact notices, 3 years' general communications, all shareholder minutes/actions, directors/officers, latest report. Broader: 3 years' annual financials/reports, accounting, board/committee excerpts, shareholder record; no voting-agreement category (§§ 30-29-1601 to -1602) |
Corporation may choose electronic transmission to furnish copies; records must be maintainable for reasonably prompt inspection. No express internal-email, text, metadata, native-format, or subsidiary-record category (§§ 30-29-1601, -1603) |
Notice list available from 2 business days after notice; voting list promptly after voting record date and at meeting. Financials available on written request within 5 business days; direct tier includes 3 years' general communications (§§ 30-29-720, -1601, -1620) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular hours; agent/attorney; corporation-chosen photocopy/electronic copies; reasonable estimated charge. Broader records/financials may carry reasonable confidentiality, use, and distribution restrictions (§§ 30-29-1602 to -1603, -1620) |
Idaho district court in principal-office county, or Ada County if none in state. Direct relief is summary; broader/financial relief expedited. Court may restrict records and shifts shareholder expenses subject to statutory refusal defenses (§§ 30-29-1604, -1620) |
No fixed statutory damages in surveyed sections. Good-faith reasonable doubt or rejected reasonable restrictions may defeat expenses; financial bad-faith/improper-purpose determination is a defense with corporation burden. SEC delivery, litigation access, and independent court production remain separate (§§ 30-29-1602, -1604, -1620) |
| Illinois verified 2026-08-25 | 805 ILCS 5/7.75; corporation/shareholder-of-record route; account records, minutes, filed voting trusts, shareholder record, extracts, financial statements |
Shareholder of record; no duration, percentage, or documentary-proof floor stated; beneficial owner not separately named in § 7.75(b) |
Written demand on corporation stating records and purpose with particularity; no verification, delivery method, or fixed inspection wait stated. Financial request: 14-day rule (§ 7.75(b), (e)) |
Proper purpose required. Shareholder proves it for account books/records; corporation disproves it for minutes, shareholder record, or filed voting trust; no affidavit stated (§ 7.75(b)-(c)) |
Books/records of account; shareholder, board, and committee minutes; filed voting-trust agreements; shareholder record. Articles and bylaws not named in § 7.75(a)-(b) |
Generic books/records and extracts only; § 7.75 does not specifically name email, other electronic records or formats, metadata, or subsidiary records |
Shareholder record is inspectable. On written request, latest year-end balance sheet and profit/loss statement mailed within 14 days or after availability, never later than 120 days after year-end; § 7.05 governs meeting attendance |
Records kept at IL registered/principal office or IL transfer agent/registrar; examination at reasonable times, in person/by agent; extracts allowed. No express format, copy-cost, or confidentiality term (§ 7.75(a)-(b)) |
After refusal, circuit court in county of registered agent or principal office may compel by mandamus or otherwise; § 7.75 states no fixed expedited schedule, fee shift, or protective-order rule |
Penalty up to 10% of share value plus other remedies; penalty defenses cover list sale/offer or procurement aid within 2 years and improper use from prior examination. Other substantive/discovery disputes remain separate (§ 7.75(d)) |
| Indiana verified 2026-08-25 | Indiana Business Corporation Law, IC 23-1-20, -30 to -31, -52 to -53; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; record/recognized beneficial shareholder; two inspection tiers, meeting list, financials, use limits, costs, and court relief |
Shareholder means record holder or beneficial owner to extent of rights granted by corporation's recognition/disclosure procedure. No duration, percentage, affidavit, or ownership-proof floor; agent/attorney needs written authorization (§§ 23-1-20-24, 23-1-30-4, 23-1-52-3(a)) |
Written notice, including electronic under general notice rule, ≥5 business days before both inspection tiers; broader demand states purpose/records with reasonable particularity. No signature, verification, or response deadline stated (§§ 23-1-20-29, 23-1-52-2) |
No access-purpose test for core tier. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, particularity, and direct connection; meeting list imports that test. No affidavit/presumption; corporation bears fee-defense burden (§§ 23-1-30-1, 23-1-52-2, -4) |
Core: current articles/bylaws/share resolutions, 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions and general communications/financials, current director/ officer list, latest report. Broader: remaining board/committee/shareholder actions, accounting records, shareholder record. Voting-trust agreement/list delivery is not an express statutory inspection category (§§ 23-1-31-1, 23-1-52-1 to -2) |
Records may be written or reasonably convertible to writing; reasonable photographic/xerographic/other copies. No express email, text, metadata, informal-record, or subsidiary-record category; financials may consolidate subsidiaries (§§ 23-1-52-1, -3, 23-1-53-1) |
Shareholder record is broader-tier. Voting-holder meeting list runs from 5 business days before through meeting, with proper-purpose written demand and remote-network access. Any shareholder may request annual financials in writing; no delivery deadline stated (§§ 23-1-30-1, 23-1-52-2, 23-1-53-1) |
Core at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-set location; regular hours; agent/attorney authorized in writing. Reasonable copy method; charge capped at estimated labor/material production cost. All acquired information is purpose-limited, including indirect recipients (§§ 23-1-52-2 to -5) |
Circuit/superior court in principal-office county or, if none in IN, registered-office county; core copying at corporate expense; broader expedited. Costs/counsel fees mandatory unless corporation proves good-faith reasonable doubt; court must impose statutory use limits (§ 23-1-52-4) |
No statutory damages in surveyed sections. Good-faith reasonable-doubt fee defense; purpose-only use/distribution binds shareholder, agent, attorney, and downstream recipients; litigation and independent court power preserved; no express public-company branch (§§ 23-1-52-2, -4 to -5) |
| Iowa verified 2026-08-25 | Iowa Business Corporation Act, Iowa Code ch. 490, principally §§ 490.720 and 490.1601-.1620; ordinary domestic private business corporation; direct/ broader tiers, confidential meeting list, requested financials, electronic copies, court relief, restrictions, burdens, expenses, and boundaries |
Inspection shareholder means record shareholder, beneficial shareholder, and unrestricted voting-trust beneficial owner. No duration, percentage, or express proof-document floor; agent/attorney may be appointed (§§ 490.1602(8), 490.1603(1)) |
Signed written notice to corporation at least 5 business days before both inspection tiers; no oath, verification, named recipient, or delivery- address rule. Broader demand particularly describes purpose and records. Financial route uses written request and 5-business-day delivery/ availability clock (§§ 490.1602, 490.1620) |
No purpose test for direct tier. Broader records require good faith, proper purpose, particularity, and direct connection. Financials may be declined on reasonable bad-faith/improper-purpose determination, which corporation proves in court; no affidavit or presumption. Good-faith and reasonable- restriction defenses govern expenses (§§ 490.1602, 490.1604, 490.1620) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws and dependent-fact notices; 3 years of general communications and shareholder minutes/actions; current leaders; latest biennial report. Broader: 3 years of prepared financials/reports, accounting records, board/committee minutes/actions, shareholder record. Voting agreements not named (§§ 490.1601-.1602) |
Shareholder/meeting lists include electronic address when corporation uses it; records must be reasonably available, and corporation-chosen copies may include electronic transmission. No express email-content, metadata, informal-message, native-format, or subsidiary-record inspection category (§§ 490.720, 490.1601, 490.1603) |
Shareholder record is broader tier. Notice list available from 2 business days after meeting notice through meeting; voting list promptly after record date; physical/network and in-meeting access; list use meeting-only and confidential. Requested most-recent prepared annual financials due or available with notice in 5 business days; SEC route (§§ 490.720, 490.1620) |
Direct at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular business hours; agent/attorney. Corporation-chosen photocopy/other/electronic copies; reasonable estimated copy charge; corporation-paid demand-date-or-newer shareholder list. Meeting list is confidential/meeting-use-only; broader and financial records may have reasonable confidentiality/use/distribution restrictions (§§ 490.720, 490.1602-.1603, 490.1620) |
District court in principal-office county, then registered-office county; summary direct order at corporation expense and expedited broader/ financial applications. Broader-record expenses, including counsel/expert fees, mandatory unless good-faith reasonable doubt or rejected reasonable restrictions; court may restrict confidentiality/use/distribution. Meeting- list summary order may postpone meeting (§§ 490.140, 490.720, 490.1604, 490.1620) |
No fixed damages or misuse penalty. Corporation may require reasonable broader/financial confidentiality and decline financials on reasonable bad- faith/improper-purpose determination; those grounds affect burdens and expenses. Articles/bylaws cannot limit right; meeting-list failure does not invalidate action; litigation and independent production preserved. Public- company SEC route; discovery/fiduciary/valuation/trade-secret merits remain separate (§§ 490.720, 490.1602, 490.1604, 490.1620) |
| Kansas verified 2026-08-25 | Kansas General Corporation Code, K.S.A. ch. 17; ordinary domestic private stock corporation; broad proper-purpose corporate/subsidiary inspection plus separate meeting-list route (§§ 17-6001, 17-6509 to -6510) |
Record holder or beneficial owner whose shares are held in voting trust/by nominee; no duration or percentage floor. Nonrecord requester must state status, attach documentary beneficial-ownership proof, and affirm it is a true/correct copy (§ 17-6510(a)-(b)) |
Written demand under oath stating purpose, directed to registered office or principal place of business. Agent demand includes power of attorney/authorizing writing. Refusal or no reply within 5 business days opens court route; not a mandatory preinspection wait (§ 17-6510(b)-(c)) |
Proper purpose means reasonably related to stockholder interest. In court, requester proves status, compliance, and proper purpose for other books; after status/compliance for ledger/list, corporation bears improper-purpose burden. Under-oath includes penalty-of-perjury affirmation (§ 17-6510) |
Stock ledger, stockholder list, and other corporate books/records; statute does not enumerate articles, bylaws, minutes, accounting, voting agreements, or communications separately. Meeting list has separate rule (§§ 17-6509 to -6510) |
Regular-course records may use storage devices/electronic or distributed networks/databases but must convert to legible paper. Subsidiary records reachable only under possession/control and agreement/applicable-law conditions. No express email, native-format, or metadata right (§§ 17-6510, 17-6514) |
Meeting list prepared at least 10 days before meeting and open for germane purpose for at least 10 days and during meeting, at office or accessible network. General ledger/list uses § 17-6510. No separate automatic financial-statement or communications delivery in surveyed record sections (§§ 17-6509 to -6510) |
Usual business hours; demand goes to registered office or principal place. Stockholder, attorney, or agent may inspect and make copies/extracts; agent needs written authority. No general copy charge or confidentiality rule stated; court-furnished dated list may require reasonable cost and conditions (§ 17-6510) |
District court has exclusive entitlement jurisdiction after refusal/no 5-business-day reply and may summarily compel, condition inspection, order a dated list at requester cost, grant further relief, or bring records/copies into Kansas. No statutory fee shifting or protective-order standard stated (§ 17-6510(c)) |
No special damages, penalty, or fee sanction. Subsidiary access excluded for qualifying third-party agreement breach or subsidiary-law denial. Meeting-list court may condition access, postpone meeting, or void results; corporation bears nongermane-purpose burden (§§ 17-6509 to -6510) |
| Kentucky verified 2026-08-25 | Kentucky Business Corporation Act, KRS ch. 271B, principally §§ 271B.7-200 and 271B.16-010 to .16-200; ordinary domestic private business corporation; direct/broader record tiers, meeting list, financials, copies, court relief, fees, and litigation boundaries |
General shareholder is record holder or beneficial owner to nominee- certificate extent; § 271B.16-020 also includes beneficial owner whose shares are held in voting trust or by nominee. No duration, percentage, or proof-document floor; agent/attorney has same rights (§§ 271B.1-400, 271B.16-020 to .16-030) |
Written notice at least 5 business days before desired inspection; no express signature, oath, verification, recipient, or delivery-address rule. General delivery includes hand, mail, commercial delivery, and electronic transmission. Broader demand particularizes purpose and records; meeting- list route uses written demand (§§ 271B.1-400, 271B.7-200, 271B.16-020) |
No purpose test for principal-office tier. Broader records and meeting-list copying require good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection. No affidavit, presumption, or express burden allocation; corporation bears good-faith reasonable-doubt court fee defense (§§ 271B.7-200, 271B.16-020, 271B.16-040) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws; outstanding-share resolutions; 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions and general communications/financials; current leaders; latest annual report. Broader: other shareholder/board/committee minutes/actions, accounting records, shareholder record. Voting agreements not named as inspection category (§§ 271B.16-010 to .16-020) |
Records may be written or reasonably convertible to writing; copies may be photographic, xerographic, or other reasonable means. No express email, metadata, informal-message, electronic-production, or subsidiary-record category (§§ 271B.16-010 to .16-030) |
Shareholder record is broader tier. Meeting list available from 5 business days before meeting through meeting; inspection direct, copying at holder expense imports purpose tests. Any shareholder or voting-trust certificate holder may request mailed most-recent statements showing reasonably detailed assets, liabilities, and operating results; no statutory mailing deadline (§§ 271B.7-200, 271B.16-020, 271B.16-200) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular business hours; agent/attorney. Reasonable photographic/ xerographic/other copies; charge capped at estimated labor/material production or reproduction cost; corporation may provide demand-date-or- newer shareholder list. No pre-demand confidentiality term; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 271B.16-020 to .16-040) |
Circuit Court in principal-office county, then in-state registered-office county; summary core order at corporation expense and expedited broader application. Costs/counsel fees mandatory if access ordered unless corporation proves good-faith reasonable doubt; reasonable use/distribution restrictions allowed. § 271B.7-200 states no separate meeting-list court route (§ 271B.16-040) |
No fixed statutory damages or misuse defense. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats mandatory fee shift; articles/bylaws cannot limit right. Meeting- list failure does not invalidate meeting action; litigation access and independent court production power preserved. Public-company, discovery, fiduciary, valuation, and trade-secret merits remain separate (§§ 271B.7-200, 271B.16-020, 271B.16-040) |
| Louisiana verified 2026-08-25 | Louisiana Business Corporation Act, La. R.S. tit. 12, ch. 1, principally §§ 12:1-720 and 12:1-1601 to -1620; ordinary domestic private business corporation; enumerated/all-record tiers, meeting list, financial report, electronic copies, costs, confidentiality, and summary court relief |
§ 12:1-1602 covers record shareholder, beneficial shareholder, and unrestricted voting-trust beneficial owner. Enumerated tier: no duration/ percentage floor. Any/all-record tier: at least 5% of an issued class for preceding 6 months, or smaller holder plus written consents aggregating that percentage/period; no documentary ownership proof stated (§ 12:1-1602) |
Signed written notice at least 5 business days before desired inspection; written information may be electronic under document definition. Any/all- records demand particularizes purpose and records. Meeting-list copy uses written demand and imports broader requirements except percentage/duration; annual financial report uses separate written notice (§§ 12:1-140, 12:1-720, 12:1-1602, 12:1-1620) |
No purpose test for enumerated principal-office tier. Any/all-record tier requires good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection; meeting-list copying imports that test without ownership floor. No affidavit/presumption or express burden formula; corporation bears court fee defense (§§ 12:1-720, 12:1-1602, 12:1-1604) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws and dependent-fact notices; share-class resolutions; 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions and general communications/ financials; current leaders; latest annual report; current unanimous governance agreement. All other records, including permanent board/ committee minutes, accounting, and shareholder record, require broader tier (§§ 12:1-1601 to -1602) |
Records may be documents including electronic records or reasonably paper- convertible forms; electronic copies required if available and requested. Email/text/metadata not separately named; once-yearly financial report may consolidate/combine subsidiaries (§§ 12:1-140, 12:1-1601, 12:1-1603, 12:1-1620) |
Shareholder record is broader tier. Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting; inspection direct, copying at holder cost imports broader conditions except ownership floor. Once/calendar-year written request yields prompt financial report for fiscal year ended at least 4 months before notice, with postal/optional email delivery (§§ 12:1-720, 12:1-1601 to -1602, 12:1-1620) |
Enumerated tier at principal office; any/all tier at reasonable corporation- specified location; regular business hours; agent/attorney. Xerographic or electronic copy if electronic is available/requested; fresh shareholder list at corporation expense; other charges capped at estimated labor/material/ production/reproduction/transmission cost. Court controls confidentiality (§§ 12:1-1602 to -1604) |
District court in principal-office parish, then in-state registered-office parish; summary proceeding after no access within reasonable time. Direct- tier copies at corporation expense; shareholder expenses mandatory if order issues unless good-faith reasonable doubt. Court may deny confidential matters and restrict use/distribution; no separate expedited label (§§ 12:1-1602, 12:1-1604) |
No fixed statutory damages or misuse defense. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats expense shift, not stated underlying access; no governing document/ agreement may limit right. Litigation access preserved; meeting-list failure does not invalidate meeting action. Public corporation may use SEC-permitted financial delivery (§§ 12:1-720, 12:1-1602, 12:1-1604, 12:1-1620) |
| Maine verified 2026-08-25 | Maine Business Corporation Act, 13-C M.R.S. §§ 101, 102, 721, 1601 to 1604, 1620; ordinary domestic for-profit/share corporation; shareholder inspection, meeting-list, financial, and court routes; close-corporation branches |
Shareholder is record holder or beneficial owner to nominee-certificate rights; § 1602 also includes voting-trust/nominee beneficial owners. No duration, percentage, or separate proof floor (§§ 102(34), 1602(1)) |
Both inspection tiers require signed written notice at least 5 business days before inspection. Broader demand particularly describes purpose/records. Financial fallback uses written demand; no oath, named recipient, or prescribed delivery method (§§ 1602, 1620) |
Direct tier has no purpose test. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, direct connection, and compliance with reasonable charter/bylaw disclosure restrictions; no affidavit, presumption, or express merits burden (§ 1602) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, dependent-fact notices, share-class resolutions, 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions and general communications/financials, directors/officers, latest report. Broader: other shareholder/board/committee actions, accounting, shareholder record; no voting-agreement category (§§ 1601 to 1602) |
Records may be documents/electronic records or paper-convertible forms; copies may be photographic, xerographic, or other means. No express internal-email, text, metadata, native-format, or general subsidiary-record route; annual financials may consolidate/combine subsidiaries (§§ 1601, 1603, 1620) |
Meeting list starts 2 business days after notice, or next business day for close corporation using under-10-day notice; close corporation may use transfer records. Non-close corporation financials due within 5 months; written-demand latest-copy route and SEC public-company method (§§ 721, 1601, 1620) |
Direct at principal office or registered office if records kept there; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular hours; agent/attorney; photographic/xerographic/other copies; estimated labor/material charge. Charter/bylaws may impose reasonable financial or broader disclosure restrictions (§§ 1602 to 1603, 1620) |
Superior Court in principal-office county, or Kennebec County if none in state. Direct relief summary; broader application may receive docket priority when justice requires. Corporation pays expenses including attorney fees unless good-faith reasonable doubt; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 102(11-A), 1604) |
No fixed damages in surveyed sections. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats expenses; reasonable charter/bylaw disclosure restrictions condition access. Meeting refusal does not invalidate action. Public-company SEC delivery, litigation access, and independent court production remain separate (§§ 721, 1602, 1604, 1620) |
| Maryland verified 2026-08-25 | Maryland General Corporation Law, Corps. & Ass'ns §§ 1-101, 2-111 to -115, 2-209, 2-313, 2-512 to -514; ordinary domestic stock corporation; separate close-corporation branch in §§ 4-403 to -404 |
Stockholder means record holder. Basic route: any stockholder or voting- trust certificate holder. Broad route: together at least 5% of a class or series for at least 6 months; post-2020 noncommon-class and optional certification limits apply (§§ 1-101, 2-512 to -514) |
Request in writing or by electronic transmission to officer, resident agent, or designated records agent; no signature/verification rule. Basic documents due within 7 days; issuance statement and affairs/list responses within 20 days; books/ledger inspection has no fixed wait (§§ 2-512 to -513) |
No express proper-purpose, good-faith, affidavit, presumption, or burden test for ordinary routes; close-corporation records must be relevant to its business and affairs (§§ 2-512 to -513, 4-403) |
Any-holder tier: bylaws, stockholder minutes, annual affairs statements, provided voting trusts. 5%/6-month tier: account books and stock ledger. Board/committee minutes are retained but not expressly in ordinary access; close-corporation access includes director minutes (§§ 2-111, 2-512 to -513, 4-403) |
Device/network/database storage allowed if convertible; entitled requester may require clearly legible written form; requests and availability may be electronic. No express email, metadata, informal-message, or subsidiary- record category (§§ 2-114, 2-512 to -513) |
Annual balance sheet/operations statement submitted at annual meeting and inspectable by any holder. 5%/6-month holders may request sworn current assets/liabilities and, if ledger is offsite, a verified list within 20 days; separate 12-month issuance statement. No general meeting-list or communications-delivery rule stated (§§ 2-313, 2-512 to -513) |
Usual business hours; in person or by agent; inspect and copy; principal- office file or electronic transmission; legible conversion on request. No express cost allocation or confidentiality condition (§§ 2-114, 2-512 to -513) |
No inspection-specific compulsion, expedited, fee-shifting, or protective- order provision. General internal-claim venue clauses cannot bar Maryland/ federal court or impose corporation/other-party fees on the stockholder (§§ 1-101, 2-113) |
No express refusal penalty or misuse/improper-purpose defense. Certain post- 2020 noncommon classes are outside § 2-513 absent charter opt-in; open-end investment companies are outside § 2-512(c)'s issuance-statement route; close corporations are separate (§§ 2-512 to -513, 4-403) |
| Massachusetts verified 2026-08-25 | G.L. c. 156D, §§ 7.20, 16.01-.04, 16.20; Massachusetts business corporation; shareholder/qualifying beneficial owner; two inspection tiers, meeting list, financials, copying, restrictions, costs, and court relief |
Any shareholder for both tiers; includes beneficial owner whose shares are held in voting trust or by nominee. No duration, percentage, affidavit, or documentary-proof floor stated (§ 16.02(a)-(b), (f)) |
Written notice ≥5 business days before inspection for both tiers; broader demand describes purpose/records with reasonable particularity. Financial request written after nondelivery; no fixed response days (§§ 16.02(a)-(c), 16.20(c)) |
No purpose test for core tier. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, particularity, direct connection, and no good-faith adverse-effect/ public-MNPI determination. Financials may be withheld on demonstrated proper corporate purpose; no affidavit/presumption (§§ 16.02(c), 16.20(d)) |
Core: current articles/bylaws, share-right resolutions, 3 years shareholder minutes/actions and general communications/financials, director/officer list, latest annual report. Broader: remaining board/committee/shareholder action excerpts, accounting records, shareholder record (§§ 16.01(e), 16.02(a)-(b)) |
Records may be written or reasonably convertible to writing; copies may be electronic. Core includes 3 years of written general communications, but no express email/text/metadata/informal or subsidiary-record category. Financials may consolidate subsidiaries (§§ 16.01(d)-(e), 16.03(b), 16.20(a)) |
Shareholder record is broader-tier. Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting, physically/electronically; copying imports broader test. Annual financials or availability notice precede earlier of meeting/120 days; latest on written request (§§ 7.20, 16.20) |
Core where maintained in MA; broader at reasonable corporation-set location; regular hours; agent/attorney. Corporation chooses reasonable copies, including electronic; charge capped at estimated production/reproduction/ transmission/delivery cost; reasonable use/distribution restrictions (§§ 16.02-.03) |
Superior court in principal-office county or, if none in MA, registered- office county; core summary, broader expedited. Costs/counsel fees mandatory unless good-faith reasonable-doubt defense; discretionary for other records; court may restrict use/distribution (§ 16.04) |
No statutory damages in surveyed sections. Adverse-business-effect and public-MNPI broader-tier defense; proper-corporate-purpose financial defense; reasonable use/distribution restrictions; litigation and independent court power preserved; meeting-list failure does not invalidate action (§§ 7.20(f), 16.02(c), (e), 16.03(e), 16.20(d)) |
| Michigan verified 2026-08-25 | Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 450.1413, 450.1432, 450.1485, 450.1487; Business Corporation Act; record shareholder/voting-trust holder; books, records, minutes, lists, financials, court enforcement |
Shareholder of record; voting-trust certificate holder deemed shareholder. Nominee beneficial owner only to extent corporation adopts recognition procedure; no duration/percentage floor (§§ 450.1432, 450.1487(2), (7)) |
Written demand describes purpose and records with reasonable particularity; delivered to MI registered office or principal place. Agent demand includes power of attorney/authorization. Court trigger after 5 business days; financial request is written with no response period stated (§ 450.1487) |
Proper purpose reasonably related to shareholder interest; direct connection required. Shareholder establishes purpose/connection for other books; corporation proves improper purpose or no connection for stock ledger/list; no affidavit (§ 450.1487(2)-(3)) |
Books/records of account; shareholder, board, and executive-committee minutes; stock ledger; shareholder list/records with names, addresses, holdings, and record-holder dates; other books/records (§§ 450.1485, 450.1487) |
Records may be written or convertible to writing; entitled person gets free written conversion unless requesting otherwise. No express general email, metadata, or subsidiary-record inspection rule (§ 450.1485) |
Voting list produced and inspectable throughout meeting, including remote-network access; good-faith vote challenge adjourns until compliance. Written request: prior-year balance sheet/income statement and sources/application statement if prepared; no stated mailing deadline (§§ 450.1413, 450.1487(1)) |
Usual business hours; record holder or attorney/agent; copy/extract plus reasonable photographic/xerographic/other copies; shareholder pays reasonable labor/material charge. Records may be kept outside MI; no express confidentiality term (§§ 450.1485, 450.1487(2), (6)) |
After 5 business days or unreasonable conditions, circuit court in principal-business/registered-office county may compel, set conditions/limits, bring records into MI, and grant just relief. Costs/fees shift unless good-faith reasonable doubt; no express expedited label (§ 450.1487(3), (5)) |
No fixed statutory damages in surveyed sections. Fee defense is good-faith reasonable doubt; court may condition access. Meeting-list noncompliance after a good-faith challenge adjourns meeting, but prior action remains valid; director/derivative/discovery disputes remain separate (§§ 450.1413(2), 450.1487) |
| Minnesota verified 2026-08-25 | Minn. Stat. ch. 302A, principally §§ 302A.461-.467; ordinary domestic business corporation; shareholder, beneficial owner, or voting-trust certificate holder; nonpublic core/other-record tiers, public-company branch, financials, copying, use limits, and court relief |
Shareholder is the registered owner; § 302A.461 also covers beneficial owners and voting-trust certificate holders. Nonpublic route states no duration, percentage, or documentary-proof floor; examination may be by a legal representative (§§ 302A.011, 302A.461) |
Written demand; an electronic record satisfies writing. Officer receipt starts 10-day core availability; other records have no fixed wait. Nonpublic demand has no express signature/verification rule; public demand must state purpose, be acknowledged/verified, particularize records, and go to registered office or principal place (§§ 302A.015, 302A.461) |
Nonpublic share register/core tier is absolute. Other nonpublic records require the holder to demonstrate a proper purpose reasonably related to the holder interest. No express good-faith presumption or affidavit; public-company route requires acknowledged/verified demand and demonstrated proper purpose (§ 302A.461) |
Share register; 3 years' shareholder/board proceedings; current articles/ bylaws; annual and recent distributed/public interim financials; 3 years' general reports; leaders; voting trusts; shareholder-control and incorporated-reference agreements. Other records and complete financial records sit outside the absolute list (§§ 302A.457, 302A.461) |
Any storage technique is allowed if accurately convertible within a reasonable time into visually legible, subject-assembled form; conversion is required on request. Email/text and a separate subsidiary-record tier are not named; annual statements may consolidate subsidiaries (§§ 302A.015, 302A.461, 302A.463) |
Share register is in absolute core tier; 3 years' reports to shareholders generally are included. Annual balance sheet/income statement due within 180 days after year-end; latest annual statements furnished within 10 business days of written request. No separate meeting-specific list timing stated (§§ 302A.461, 302A.463) |
Records kept at principal executive office or board-selected U.S. location; if outside MN, core records available at MN registered/principal office within 10 days. Any reasonable time; in person/legal representative; core copies and conversion at corporation cost, other copies/conversion at reasonable requester fee; court may restrict records/use (§ 302A.461) |
Any Minnesota court may specifically enforce and award expenses, fees, and disbursements; no special venue or expedited label. Corporation may seek 12-month board-record withholding, renewable to 36 months total for good cause; denial requires holder expenses, and other restrictions remain available (§§ 302A.461, 302A.467) |
No fixed statutory damages or refusal defense in §§ 302A.461/.467. Records obtained under § 302A.461 may be used or furnished only for a proper purpose; protective or other relief enforces that limit. Public-company demands use a separate verified, particularized route; discovery and substantive disputes remain outside this survey |
| Mississippi verified 2026-08-25 | Mississippi Business Corporation Act, Miss. Code §§ 79-4-1.01 et seq.; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; shareholder inspection, meeting-list, financial-statement, and chancery-court routes |
No duration or percentage floor. General shareholder definition includes nominee-certificate beneficial rights; § 79-4-16.02 expressly includes beneficial owners whose shares are held in voting trust or by nominee (§§ 79-4-1.40, 79-4-16.02(f)) |
Both tiers require signed written notice at least 5 business days before inspection. Broader demand must particularly describe purpose and records. No oath, verification, named recipient, or prescribed delivery method stated (§ 79-4-16.02) |
Direct principal-office tier has no purpose test. Board/accounting/shareholder-record tier requires good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection; no affidavit, presumption, or express burden stated (§ 79-4-16.02) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, share-class resolutions, 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions, current directors/officers, latest report. Broader: other shareholder minutes/actions, board/committee excerpts, accounting, shareholder record (§§ 79-4-16.01 to -16.02) |
Records may be documents/electronic records or paper-convertible. Direct tier includes 3 years' written general communications; electronic copies are available if available and requested. No express internal-email, metadata, or general subsidiary-record right; annual financials may combine subsidiaries (§§ 79-4-16.01, -16.03, -16.20) |
Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting; written-demand copies import purpose test. Annual financials delivered to all within 120 days; unserved holder may request latest; public corporation may use SEC-permitted delivery. Direct tier includes 3 years' general communications (§§ 79-4-7.20, 79-4-16.01, -16.20) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader tier at reasonable corporation-specified location, both regular hours. Agent/attorney same rights; xerographic/other copies, requested electronic transmission if available, reasonable estimated production/transmission charge. Court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 79-4-16.02 to -16.04) |
Chancery court in principal-office county; First Judicial District of Hinds County if no Mississippi principal office. Direct tier may be summarily ordered at corporation expense; broader tier expedited. Corporation pays costs/counsel fees unless it proves good-faith reasonable doubt; court may restrict use/distribution (§ 79-4-16.04) |
No special damages or misuse defense in surveyed sections. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats fee shifting. Meeting-list court may postpone meeting; refusal does not invalidate action. Litigation and independent court-production rights preserved; public corporations may use SEC financial delivery (§§ 79-4-7.20, 79-4-16.02, -16.04, -16.20) |
| Missouri verified 2026-08-25 | Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 351.015, .215, .246, .255; ordinary domestic Chapter 351 corporation; record shareholder; broad company-books access, specified required records, voting trust, meeting list, and statutory penalties |
Shareholder means holder of record. Each shareholder has ordinary access; no beneficial-owner route, duration, percentage, affidavit, or documentary- proof rule stated. Share ledger/transfer book is prima facie meeting-list eligibility evidence (§§ 351.015(15), 351.215.1, 351.255.1) |
Ordinary private route: demand referenced for penalty, but no writing, signature, delivery method, specificity, response deadline, or waiting period; access at proper times under bylaw regulations. Acquiring-person public-corporation branch requires writing (§ 351.215) |
Ordinary route says proper times, not an express proper-purpose, good-faith, affidavit, presumption, or burden test. A written acquiring-person demand to communicate about a § 351.407 public-corporation meeting is deemed shareholder demand for reasonable/proper purpose (§ 351.215.1) |
Account books including assets/liabilities; shareholder/board minutes; officer names/addresses; share subscription, owner, amount paid, payer, and transfer/date records; general access to company books. Articles, bylaws, and voting agreements not specifically listed; voting trusts separately authorized without an inspection rule (§§ 351.215, 351.246) |
No express email, text, electronic-record, metadata, informal-record, conversion, format, or subsidiary-record rule in surveyed provisions; the statute speaks of company books and specified books/records (§ 351.215) |
Meeting voting list at registered office for 10 days before meeting and open throughout meeting; any shareholder may inspect. No separate requested financial-statement or general-communication delivery rule stated; account books include assets/liabilities (§§ 351.215.1, 351.255) |
Records kept at MO registered office/principal place or MO transfer agent; access at proper times under bylaw regulations. Meeting list during usual business hours. No express copying, remote, format, cost, agent, or confidentiality term (§§ 351.215.1, 351.255.1) |
No express court-compulsion, venue, expedited-process, attorney-fee, expense-shifting, or protective-order rule in surveyed provisions. Statutory remedies are officer forfeiture for refusal and actual damages for meeting- list failure (§§ 351.215.2, 351.255.3) |
Officer with books who refuses/neglects after shareholder demand incurs a two-hundred-fifty-dollar forfeiture per offense; meeting-list officer owes proven damages. Bylaws may prescribe access regulations; no express misuse/confidentiality defense. Acquiring-person issuing-public-corporation branch remains separate (§§ 351.215, 351.255) |
| Montana verified 2026-08-25 | Montana Business Corporation Act, MCA §§ 35-14-101, -140, -720, -1601 to -1604, -1620; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; inspection, meeting-list, financial, and court routes |
§ 35-14-1602 includes record and beneficial shareholders and unrestricted voting-trust beneficial owners, with no duration, percentage, or proof floor. General meeting-list/financial use of shareholder means record shareholder (§ 35-14-140) |
Signed written notice at least 5 business days before either inspection tier; broader demand particularly describes purpose/records. Financials: written request and 5-business-day response. No oath, named recipient, or prescribed delivery method (§§ 35-14-1602, -1620) |
Direct tier has no purpose test. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection. Financial request may be refused on reasonable bad-faith/improper-purpose determination; corporation bears court burden (§§ 35-14-1602, -1620) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, dependent-fact notices, 3 years' general communications, all shareholder minutes/actions, directors/officers, latest report. Broader: 3 years' annual financials/reports, accounting, board/committee excerpts, shareholder record; no voting-agreement category (§§ 35-14-1601 to -1602) |
Corporation may choose electronic transmission to furnish copies; records must be maintainable for prompt inspection. No express internal-email, text, metadata, native-format, or general subsidiary-record category (§§ 35-14-1601, -1603) |
Notice list available from 2 business days after notice at office/place/electronic network; voting list promptly after record date and at physical/remote meeting. Financials available on written request within 5 business days; direct tier includes 3 years' general communications (§§ 35-14-720, -1601, -1620) |
Direct at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular hours; agent/attorney; corporation-chosen photocopy/electronic copies; reasonable estimated charge. Broader records/financials may carry reasonable confidentiality, use, and distribution restrictions (§§ 35-14-1602 to -1603, -1620) |
District court in principal-office county, or first judicial district if none in state. Direct relief summary; broader/financial relief expedited. Court may restrict records and shifts expenses including attorney fees subject to statutory refusal defenses (§ 35-14-140(18); § 35-14-1604; § 35-14-1620) |
No fixed statutory damages in surveyed sections. Good-faith reasonable doubt or rejected reasonable restrictions may defeat expenses; financial bad-faith/improper-purpose determination is a defense with corporation burden. SEC delivery, litigation access, and independent court production remain separate (§§ 35-14-1602, 35-14-1604, 35-14-1620) |
| Nebraska verified 2026-08-25 | Nebraska Model Business Corporation Act, Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 21-201 to 21-2,232; ordinary domestic private corporation; two inspection tiers, meeting-list route, financial delivery, and district-court enforcement |
Shareholder means record shareholder, beneficial shareholder, or unrestricted voting-trust beneficial owner; no duration, percentage, or separate proof floor stated for §§ 21-2,222 to -2,227 (§ 21-2,222(g)) |
Both tiers require signed written notice at least 5 business days before inspection. Broader demand must particularly describe purpose and records. No oath, verification, named recipient, or prescribed delivery method stated (§ 21-2,222) |
Direct principal-office tier has no purpose test. Board/accounting/shareholder-record tier requires good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection; no affidavit, presumption, or express burden stated (§ 21-2,222) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, share-class resolutions, 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions, current directors/officers, latest report. Broader: other shareholder minutes/actions, board/committee excerpts, accounting, shareholder record (§§ 21-2,221 to -2,222) |
Records may be documents/electronic records or paper-convertible; electronic copies available if available and requested. No express internal-email, metadata, or general subsidiary-record inspection right; annual financials may combine subsidiaries (§§ 21-2,221, -2,223, -2,227) |
Notice list starts 2 business days after notice; voting list promptly after voting record date and at meeting. Later-acquiring voter may request meeting materials. Annual financials sent to all within 120 days; unserved holder may request latest; public corporation may use SEC route (§§ 21-262, 21-2,222(b), 21-2,227) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader tier at reasonable corporation-specified location, both regular hours. Agent/attorney same rights; xerographic/other copies and requested electronic transmission if available; reasonable estimated production/transmission charge. No pre-suit confidentiality condition stated (§§ 21-2,222 to -2,223) |
District court in principal-office county, or registered-office county if none in Nebraska. Direct tier may be summarily ordered at corporation expense; broader tier expedited. No shareholder costs/fees, good-faith exception, or use/distribution restriction appears in § 21-2,224 |
No special damages, misuse defense, or shareholder fee sanction in surveyed sections. Meeting-list court may postpone meeting; refusal does not invalidate action. Litigation and independent court-production rights preserved; public corporation may use SEC financial delivery (§§ 21-262, 21-2,222(f), 21-2,227) |
| Nevada verified 2026-08-25 | NRS ch. 78; ordinary domestic private corporation; narrow routes for specified organizational/stock records and 15% financial access, plus voting-trust agreement access (§§ 78.010, 78.105, 78.257, 78.365) |
Basic route: record holder for 6 months, or holder of/written authority from holders of at least 5%; voting-trust certificate holder qualifies. Financial route: record holder owning, or written authority from holders of, at least 15%; nonrecord beneficial owner excluded (§§ 78.010, 78.105, 78.257) |
At least 5 days' written demand plus statutory affidavit for both routes. Agent demand also needs signed power of attorney. If basic records are unavailable in Nevada, registered-agent demand triggers paper/electronic copies within 10 business days (§§ 78.105, 78.257) |
Basic affidavit disclaims outside-business purpose and any stock-list sale history; financial affidavit states stockholder-related purpose. Board may require reasonable confidentiality for financial access; no express burden allocation (§§ 78.105, 78.107, 78.257) |
Basic route: certified articles/amendments, officer-certified bylaws/amendments, annually revised stock ledger. Financial route: books of account and financial statements. Filed voting-trust agreement is open to any stockholder/attorney; no general minutes tier (§§ 78.105, 78.257, 78.365) |
Corporate records may be stored electronically or on blockchain, but an entitled requester gets clear legible paper conversion. Basic registered-agent production may be paper/electronic; no express email, native-format, metadata, informal-record, or subsidiary route (§§ 78.0297, 78.105) |
Annually revised record-holder stock ledger is in the basic route. No separate meeting-list or general communications route. Financial 15% route is displaced by detailed annual statements or recent SEC reports, subject to the stated nonlisted S-corporation exception (§§ 78.105, 78.257, 78.370) |
Basic records at principal office/custodian during usual hours; in-person agent/attorney, reasonable copying means and charge. Nevada-unavailable records use registered-agent delivery. Financial inspection/audit during normal hours; requester pays and board may require reasonable confidentiality (§§ 78.105, 78.257) |
Court may compel only § 78.105(1) records in a proper case; § 78.107 creates no independent right. Prevailing financial-route claimant gets costs/fees; losing claimant owes them. No special venue, expedited schedule, or protective-order rule stated (§§ 78.107, 78.257) |
$25/day State forfeiture and actual damages for specified basic-route violations; list-sale/outside-business defenses. Financial refusal carries $100/day plus direct damages and two-way fees; unrelated/improper use permits denial and can be a gross misdemeanor. Annual-statement/SEC-report exceptions apply (§§ 78.105, 78.107, 78.257) |
| New Hampshire verified 2026-08-25 | New Hampshire Business Corporation Act, RSA 293-A:1.01, 1.40, 7.20, 16.01 to 16.04, 16.20; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; inspection, meeting-list, administrative, financial, and court routes |
Shareholder is record holder or beneficial owner to nominee-certificate rights; § 293-A:16.02 also includes voting-trust/nominee beneficial owners. No duration or percentage floor. Secretary-of-state list route confirms petitioner is a shareholder (§§ 293-A:1.40(21), 293-A:16.02(e), (i)) |
Both inspection tiers require signed written notice at least 5 business days before inspection. Broader demand particularly describes purpose/records. Meeting-business administrative route starts with written demand; hearing scheduled within 10 business days after confirmation (§ 293-A:16.02) |
Direct tier has no purpose test. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection. Secretary of state decides purpose/good faith for qualifying meeting-business list demand; no affidavit or presumption (§ 293-A:16.02) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, dependent-fact notices, share-class resolutions, 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions and general communications/financials, directors/officers, latest report. Broader: other shareholder/board/committee actions, accounting, shareholder record; no voting-agreement category (§§ 293-A:16.01 to 293-A:16.02) |
Records may be documents/electronic records or paper-convertible forms; available requested electronic copies permitted. No express internal-email, text, metadata, native-format, or general subsidiary-record route; annual financials may consolidate/combine subsidiaries (§§ 293-A:1.40, 293-A:16.01, 293-A:16.03, 293-A:16.20) |
Notice list available from 2 business days after notice; voting list promptly after voting record date and at meeting; copies import purpose test. Annual financials sent to all within 120 days; unserved holder may request latest; public corporation may use SEC method (§§ 293-A:7.20, 293-A:16.01, 293-A:16.20) |
Direct at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular hours; agent/attorney; available requested electronic copies; estimated production/reproduction/transmission charge; corporation pays for replacement current list. No pre-demand confidentiality term; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 293-A:16.02 to 293-A:16.04) |
Superior court in principal/registered-office county or business docket: direct summary relief, broader expedited relief, corporate expenses unless good-faith reasonable doubt, use/distribution restrictions. Secretary-of-state list order has 10-business-day hearing, appeal/enforcement, injunction/equity (§§ 293-A:16.02, 293-A:16.04) |
No fixed damages in surveyed sections. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats expenses; administrative default order possible. Meeting refusal does not invalidate action. Public-company SEC delivery, litigation access, and independent court production remain separate (§§ 293-A:7.20, 293-A:16.02, 293-A:16.04, 293-A:16.20) |
| New Jersey verified 2026-08-25 | N.J.S.A. §§ 14A:5-8 and 14A:5-28; ordinary New Jersey business corporation; shareholder records, shareholder minutes, accounting books, financial statements, electronic storage, meeting list, and court relief |
Record shareholder for ≥6 months, or person holding/authorized in writing by holders of ≥5% of any outstanding class or series; voting-trust certificate holder treated as shareholder. Court route has no duration or percentage floor (§ 14A:5-28(3)-(5)) |
At least 5 days' written demand for ordinary inspection; written ownership authorization for nonholder representative. No statutory signature, verification, delivery address, or particularity term. Financial request must be written; no mailing deadline stated (§ 14A:5-28(2)-(3)) |
Proper purpose required for ordinary inspection; shareholder must prove proper purpose in court. No express good-faith recital, affidavit, presumption, or ordinary-demand burden allocation beyond those terms (§ 14A:5-28(3)-(4)) |
Direct statutory tier covers shareholder-proceeding minutes and shareholder record; retention duty also covers account books and board/executive- committee minutes, reachable through broader court compulsion. No express articles/bylaws/voting-agreement inspection category (§ 14A:5-28(1), (3)-(4)) |
Books/minutes/records may be stored on corporation-administered electronic networks or databases, including blockchain, and must be converted to readable/clearly legible form. No express email, text, metadata, informal- communication, or subsidiary-record rule (§ 14A:5-28(1), (3), definition) |
Shareholder record includes names, addresses, share number/class/series, and record-owner dates. Written request gets prior-year balance sheet and profit-and-loss/surplus statement. Separate voting list is inspectable for reasonable periods at meeting (§§ 14A:5-8, 14A:5-28(1)-(3)) |
Usual business hours; in person/by agent or attorney; shareholder minutes and record inspected where kept; extracts allowed. Nonreadable conversion is free; court may order extracts/authenticated copies. Corporation may set reasonable use/distribution conditions (§ 14A:5-28(1), (3)-(4), (6)) |
Any shareholder proving proper purpose may seek summary compulsion without duration/share floor; court may set limits/conditions, grant just relief, and order records/copies brought and kept in NJ. No express venue or attorney-fee shift (§ 14A:5-28(4), (6)) |
No statutory damages or officer penalty in surveyed sections. Reasonable use/distribution conditions permitted before court order; meeting-list noncompliance supports demand for adjournment but does not invalidate prior action. Public-company, discovery, fiduciary, valuation, and misuse merits remain separate (§§ 14A:5-8(2), 14A:5-28(6)) |
| New Mexico verified 2026-08-25 | New Mexico Business Corporation Act, NMSA 1978 ch. 53 arts. 11-18; ordinary domestic private corporation; threshold nonjudicial inspection, threshold-free court route, meeting list, and prepared financial access (§§ 53-11-1, -31, -50) |
Record shareholder or record voting-trust certificate holder for 6 months, or record holder of shares/certificates representing at least 5%. Court may compel regardless of duration/percentage. No nominee-beneficial-owner or documentary-proof route stated (§ 53-11-50(B)-(C)) |
Written demand stating purpose; no signature, oath, verification, particularized-record, recipient, delivery, or fixed wait stated. Examination at reasonable time(s). Court route requires proof of proper purpose, not a prior-duration/percentage floor (§ 53-11-50) |
Examination limited to relevant listed records for a proper purpose; court compulsion also requires proof of proper purpose. No statutory definition, affidavit, presumption, or express burden beyond that proof. Bad faith/improper purpose is penalty defense (§ 53-11-50(B)-(C)) |
Correct/complete books and records of account; shareholder and board minutes; shareholder record with names, addresses, shares/classes. No express articles, bylaws, voting-agreement, committee-minute, officer-list, or general communication category (§ 53-11-50(A)-(C)) |
Books, records, and minutes may be written or reasonably convertible to writing. No express email, electronic-delivery, native-format, metadata, informal-record, or subsidiary-books inspection route; prepared financial statements may be consolidated with subsidiaries (§ 53-11-50(A), (D)) |
Meeting voting list kept at registered office for 10 days before meeting and open throughout meeting. Corporation must provide access to prepared year-end balance sheet/income statement; consolidation allowed, supporting data not required. No general communications route (§§ 53-11-31, -50(D)) |
Shareholder record kept at registered office, principal place, transfer agent, or registrar. Qualifying holder/agent/attorney may examine relevant records at reasonable time(s) and make extracts. No general copy, remote-production, cost, format-choice, or confidentiality condition stated (§ 53-11-50) |
Court of competent jurisdiction may compel listed records on proper-purpose proof without duration/percentage threshold. No special venue, demand wait, summary/expedited schedule, copy-cost allocation, fee shifting, or protective-order authority stated (§ 53-11-50(C)) |
Refusal exposes officer/agent or corporation to discretionary 10% share-value penalty plus other damages/remedies; defenses cover recent list sale/assistance, prior improper use, and bad faith/improper purpose. Meeting-list custodian owes actual damages; meeting action remains valid (§§ 53-11-31, -50(B)) |
| New York verified 2026-08-25 | N.Y. Bus. Corp. Law §§ 607, 624; ordinary domestic business corporation; record shareholder and voting-trust certificate holder; broader court/common-law and director rights outside statutory baseline |
Record shareholder; voting-trust certificate holder treated as shareholder; no duration/percentage floor. Beneficial-owner information furnished only if requested and already in corporation's possession (§ 624(b)) |
At least 5 days' written demand for shareholder minutes/record; agent/attorney authorization must meet proxy-writing rule. Financials use written request and reasonable preparation time; meeting list requested at or before meeting (§§ 607, 624) |
Purpose reasonably related to shareholder interest. Inspection may be denied if requester refuses affidavit disclaiming outside-business purpose and 5-year list sale/offer or procurement assistance; no express burden allocation (§ 624(b)-(c)) |
Corporation must keep account books plus shareholder, board, and executive-committee minutes; express shareholder route covers shareholder minutes and shareholder record, not general account books or board minutes (§ 624(a)-(b)) |
Required books/minutes/records may be written or convertible to writing. Requested information supplied in writing and every format corporation maintains, but no other format; no express email, text, or subsidiary-record route (§ 624(a)-(b)) |
Shareholder record includes names, addresses, holdings/classes, and record dates; requested beneficial-owner data only if possessed. Annual balance sheet/P&L plus most recent distributed/public interim; certified meeting list on request at or before meeting (§§ 607, 624) |
Corporation/transfer-agent office in NY; usual hours; in person/authorized agent/attorney; make extracts; written plus maintained formats. No express copy-cost or confidentiality condition in § 624 |
Supreme Court in judicial district of corporate office; court-directed notice, order to show cause, summary hearing by affidavit/otherwise, compelled access and just/proper relief. General production power preserved; no statutory fee shifting stated (§ 624(d), (f)) |
Affidavit refusal permits denial; affidavit covers collateral-business purpose and shareholder-list sale/offer or assistance within 5 years. No statutory damages/fee penalty; books are prima facie evidence; broader court/common-law and litigation rights separate (§ 624(c), (f)-(g)) |
| North Carolina verified 2026-08-25 | N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 55-7-20, 55-16-01 through -04, 55-16-20; ordinary Chapter 55 corporation; qualified shareholder core/broader tiers; separate meeting-list and financial routes |
Qualified shareholder: held at least 6 months or owns at least 5% of any class. Shareholder includes record holder or beneficial holder through voting trust/nominee with ownership certified to corporation (§ 55-16-01.1(3)-(4)) |
Inspection: written notice at least 5 business days before date sought; broader demand states purpose and records with reasonable particularity. Financial statements: written request, 5-business-day response (§§ 55-16-02, 55-16-20) |
Core tier states no purpose test. Broader tier: good faith, proper purpose, particularity, direct connection. Financial refusal may rest on reasonable bad-faith/improper-purpose determination; corporation bears that court burden (§§ 55-16-02(c), 55-16-20(d)-(e)) |
Core: current articles/bylaws, 3 years of shareholder communications, shareholder minutes/actions, director/officer list, latest annual report; board/committee minutes excluded. Broader: final board/committee actions, accounting, shareholder record, financials (§§ 55-16-01 to -02) |
Core names written shareholder communications, not all email. Electronic copies permitted. Subsidiary records reachable if possessed/controlled or obtainable through control without breaching nonaffiliate agreement. Public-company accounting/material-nonpublic/adverse-business exclusions (§§ 55-16-02(b), (h)-(i), 55-16-03(b)) |
Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting at stated place/network; court may compel/postpone. Prepared annual financials delivered or made available within 5 business days of written request, subject to stated restrictions and purpose rules (§§ 55-7-20, 55-16-20) |
Core: regular hours at principal office. Broader: regular hours at reasonable corporation-set location. Agent/attorney; corporation-chosen photocopy/electronic copies; reasonable estimated copy charge; reasonable confidentiality/use/distribution restrictions (§§ 55-16-02(c1), 55-16-03) |
Superior court at NC principal office or registered office: core summary order at corporation expense; broader and financial cases expedited. Court may restrict records; costs/fees shift unless specified good-faith/restriction defense; corporation bears financial-restriction/purpose burden (§§ 55-16-04, 55-16-20(e)) |
No fixed statutory damages in surveyed sections. Defenses concern reasonable doubt, reasonable restrictions, and reasonable bad-faith/improper-purpose determination. Public-company common-law route narrowed; litigation/court powers preserved; meeting-list refusal does not invalidate action (§§ 55-7-20(e), 55-16-02(e), (i), 55-16-04(c)) |
| North Dakota verified 2026-08-25 | North Dakota Business Corporation Act, N.D.C.C. §§ 10-19.1-73.3, -83 to -85.1; ordinary domestic corporation not publicly held; absolute specified-record tier, proper-purpose other-record tier, meeting lists, financials, protective orders, costs, and equitable relief |
Private absolute tier: record shareholder or voting-trust certificate holder; no duration, percentage, affidavit, or documentary proof. Beneficial owner separately may demand shareholder-control agreement and is named in proper-purpose/protective provisions (§§ 10-19.1-01(57), -83(3), -84(4)-(9)) |
Private specified/other records: written demand received by officer; specified records due within 10 days; no signature, oath, verification, particularity, or delivery method. Other records have no fixed response clock. Financials: written request; annual preparation within 180 days after fiscal-year close and latest statements furnished within 10 business days (§§ 10-19.1-84 to -85) |
Private specified tier is absolute. Other private corporate records require demonstrated proper purpose reasonably related to shareholder/beneficial-owner/voting-trust interest; no express affidavit, presumption, good-faith condition, or burden formula. Public corporation uses acknowledged/verified particularized demand (§ 10-19.1-84(4)-(7)) |
Absolute: share register; 3 years shareholder/board proceedings; current articles/bylaws; required/current interim financials; 3 years general reports; current directors/principal officers; voting trusts/beneficial-owner list; shareholder-control and incorporated-reference agreements. Other records purpose-tested (§§ 10-19.1-83 to -84) |
Record includes electronic/retrievable information; retained records may use storage devices or distributed/electronic networks/databases but must convert to legible written form. No express internal email, text, metadata, native-format, informal-message, or subsidiary-record inspection category; financials may consolidate subsidiaries (§§ 10-19.1-01(49), -84(11), -85) |
Share register absolute within 10 days. Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting for meeting communication; written-demand copy and use limit. General reports for 3 years absolute. Requested annual financials prepared by 180 days and furnished in 10 business days (§§ 10-19.1-73.3, -84 to -85) |
Specified records kept at principal executive/board-selected U.S. location, with in-state availability when outside state; reasonable-time personal/legal-representative access. Specified copies and control agreement corporate-paid; other copies reasonably charged; conversion follows copy-cost bearer. Court may withhold board records, restrict records/use/distribution (§§ 10-19.1-83(3), -84) |
No inspection-specific summary/expedited route. Court may grant just/reasonable equitable relief and shareholder expenses/fees for chapter violation. Corporation may seek renewable board-record withholding up to 12 months each/36 total; denial requires requester expenses/fees; other protective restrictions preserved (§§ 10-19.1-84(8), -85.1) |
No fixed damages/percentage penalty. Proper-purpose use restriction enforceable by protective/other relief; competitive-injury withholding and reasonable restrictions available. Public corporation uses verified particularized purpose route. Meeting-list misuse restricted and premeeting improper refusal may affect action validity; fiduciary/discovery merits remain separate (§§ 10-19.1-73.3, -84) |
| Ohio verified 2026-08-25 | Ohio Rev. Code §§ 1701.01, 1701.37-.38, 1701.94; domestic Ohio for-profit corporation; book-listed shareholder; records, meeting lists, financial reports, forfeitures |
Shareholder is person named on corporation books as share owner; subscriber included unless governing terms say otherwise. No duration or percentage floor (§ 1701.01(F)) |
Written demand stating specific purpose for inspection; no special verification, delivery method, or wait. Financial copy request must precede annual meeting and uses the later-of statutory deadline (§§ 1701.37(C), 1701.38(C)) |
Reasonable and proper purpose required; no express burden, presumption, good-faith recital, or affidavit. Public acquiring-person communication demand is deemed reasonable/proper (§ 1701.37(C)) |
Articles, regulations, books/records of account, incorporator/shareholder/director/committee minutes, shareholder records, and filed voting-trust agreements; copies/extracts (§ 1701.37(A), (C)) |
Meeting lists/reports use accessible electronic networks and lists may include authorized electronic contact information; no general email/ESI/metadata/subsidiary-record inspection rule. Financials may be consolidated (§§ 1701.37(B), (D), 1701.38) |
Voting list produced on shareholder request at meeting and open throughout electronic meeting. Annual financials laid before meeting; requested copy sent on later-of fifth-day schedule (§§ 1701.37(B), 1701.38(A), (C)-(D)) |
No fixed inspection site; reasonable time; in person/by agent or attorney; copies/extracts. No express inspection copy-cost, format, or confidentiality term (§ 1701.37(C)) |
No express § 1701.37 summary-compulsion, fee-shift, or protective-order procedure. A § 1701.94 forfeiture action permits reduction, remission, or suspension for excusable or unreasonable/unjust full forfeiture |
$100 corporation/officer forfeitures; $10/day only for listed items (1)-(4) after specified starts; other remedies preserved; court may mitigate. Public acquiring-person list communication expressly covered (§§ 1701.37(C), 1701.94) |
| Oklahoma verified 2026-08-25 | Oklahoma General Corporation Act, 18 O.S. §§ 1001, 1064-1065, and 1069; ordinary domestic private stock corporation; sworn proper-purpose corporate/ subsidiary demand, separate meeting list, electronic form, court relief, burdens, conditions, and future Nov. 1, 2026 overhaul |
Record shareholder or beneficial owner through voting trust/nominee; no duration or percentage floor. Non-record holder states status, attaches documentary beneficial-ownership proof, and attests it is a true/correct copy (§ 1065(A)-(B)) |
Written demand under oath stating purpose, directed to registered office or principal place of business; under-oath includes penalty-of-perjury affirmation. Agent attaches power of attorney/other written authority. No advance wait, but refusal or no reply in 5 business days opens court route (§ 1065) |
Proper purpose required for all ordinary books/records and means reasonably related to shareholder interest. Shareholder proves status, compliant demand, and proper purpose for records other than ledger/list; corporation proves improper purpose for compliant ledger/list demand (§ 1065) |
Current statute broadly names stock ledger, shareholder list, and other books and records; it does not separately enumerate articles, bylaws, minutes, accounting books, communications, or voting agreements. Enacted Nov. 1, 2026 law will enumerate those categories (§ 1065; 2026 O.S.L. ch. 304, § 11) |
Records may use storage devices/electronic or distributed networks if convertible to clearly legible paper; entitled requester may require paper conversion. Subsidiary records reachable if corporation possesses/controls or can obtain them, unless third-party agreement breach or subsidiary-law denial condition applies (§§ 1065, 1069) |
Ordinary ledger/list use sworn proper-purpose route. Meeting list open for purpose germane to meeting during 10-day period ending day before meeting, on accessible network or at principal place; summary order may postpone meeting or void results. No current automatic financial-statement delivery; statements are not separately enumerated until Nov. 1, 2026 (§§ 1064-1065) |
Usual business hours; inspection site not specified, though demand goes to registered office/principal place. Copies/extracts; electronic records converted to clearly legible paper. Agent needs written authority. No current general copy-charge or pre-demand confidentiality rule; court may set conditions and charge reasonable list cost. Nov. 1 law adds confidentiality/use/distribution restrictions and redaction (§§ 1065, 1069) |
District court after refusal or no reply within 5 business days; summary order, list furnishing at requester-paid reasonable cost, conditions, further relief, and in-state production. No express venue or fee shift. Separate meeting-list summary order may postpone meeting or void results (§§ 1064-1065) |
No fixed damages, officer liability, or ordinary inspection-specific fee award. Improper purpose defeats demand; subsidiary agreement/law limits; corporation bears improper-purpose burden for compliant ledger/list route. Future law adds confidentiality/redaction and stricter production limits; public-company, discovery, fiduciary, valuation, and trade-secret merits remain separate (§ 1065; 2026 O.S.L. ch. 304, § 11) |
| Oregon verified 2026-08-25 | Oregon Business Corporation Act, ORS ch. 60, principally §§ 60.224 and 60.771-.781; ordinary domestic private business corporation; direct and broader record tiers, meeting list, reports, copies, court relief, fees, and litigation boundaries |
Shareholder includes beneficial owner whose shares are held in voting trust or by nominee for inspection section. No duration, percentage, or express proof-document floor; agent/attorney has same rights (§§ 60.774(6), 60.777(1)) |
Signed written notice to corporation at least 5 business days before desired inspection for both tiers; no oath, verification, named recipient, or delivery-address rule. Broader demand particularly describes purpose and records; meeting-list route uses written demand (§§ 60.224, 60.774) |
No purpose test for office-record tier. Broader records require good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection; meeting- list copying imports those tests. No affidavit or presumption; corporation bears good-faith reasonable-doubt court fee defense (§§ 60.224, 60.774, 60.781) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws; outstanding-share resolutions; 3 years of shareholder minutes/actions and general communications; current leaders; latest annual report. Broader: other shareholder/board/committee minutes and actions, accounting records including tax returns, shareholder record. Voting agreements not named (§§ 60.771-.774) |
Records must be documents capable of conversion into tangible written form within reasonable time. No express email, text, metadata, informal-message, electronic-production, or subsidiary-record category (§ 60.771(4)) |
Shareholder record is broader tier. Meeting list available from 2 business days after meeting notice through meeting; written-demand inspection, purpose-tested copying at holder expense, in-meeting access, and injunction/ postponement remedy. No general shareholder-financial-statement delivery route; 3 years of general communications are direct (§§ 60.224, 60.771) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular business hours; agent/attorney. Reasonable photographic, xerographic, or other copies; charge capped at estimated labor/material production or reproduction cost; demand-date-or-newer shareholder list. No pre-demand confidentiality term; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 60.774-.781) |
Circuit court in principal-office county, then current/last registered- office county; summary core order at corporation expense. At least 5 days' hearing notice unless court changes it; earliest possible, priority docket. Costs/counsel fees mandatory if access ordered unless good-faith reasonable doubt; use/distribution restrictions. Meeting-list TRO/injunction may postpone meeting (§§ 60.224, 60.781) |
No fixed statutory damages or misuse defense. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats mandatory fee shift; articles/bylaws cannot limit right. Meeting- list failure does not invalidate action; litigation access and independent court production power preserved. Public-company, discovery, fiduciary, valuation, and trade-secret merits remain separate (§§ 60.224, 60.774, 60.781) |
| Pennsylvania verified 2026-08-25 | 15 Pa.C.S. §§ 107, 1508, 1554; ordinary domestic business corporation; shareholder demand; director rights and registered-corporation financial-report exception separate |
§ 1508 states shareholder with no duration/percentage floor or separate beneficial-owner route. Agent/attorney needs verified power/document; financial reports can extend to an entitled beneficial owner after annual mailing (§§ 1508(b.1), 1554(a)) |
Good-faith, verified demand in record form; particularize purpose, records, and relationship. Deliver to PA registered office, principal place, actual business office/person in charge, or secretary at department address. Reply within 5 business days (§ 1508(b.1)-(c)) |
Proper purpose means reasonably related to shareholder interest. Corporation bears improper-purpose burden for share register/list; shareholder bears proper-purpose burden for other records. Demand itself is verified (§ 1508(b.1), (c.1)) |
Complete/accurate account books, incorporator/shareholder/director minutes, share register; inspect minutes and consents in lieu plus accounts/register. Current bylaws supplied promptly, free, on demand (§ 1508(a)-(c.3)) |
Corporate information, shareholder records, account books, and minute books may be kept in record form; written references include record form. No express email/text or subsidiary-record inspection route (§§ 107, 1508) |
Share register/list subject to inspection and corporation-side burden. Annual balance sheet and income/expense statement mailed within 120 days, with later written-request and eligible beneficial-owner routes; public-filing corporations excepted (§§ 1508, 1554) |
Usual business hours; shareholder/verified agent/attorney; copies/extracts. Court-furnished list may require reasonable cost. Bylaws free. Corporation may impose reasonable access/use, confidentiality, nondisclosure, and safeguarding terms, bearing reasonableness burden (§ 1508) |
After refusal or no reply within 5 business days, exclusive court action; court may summarily compel, furnish dated list at shareholder cost, impose conditions, bring records into PA, and grant just/proper relief. § 1508 cross-references separate fee statute but states no automatic award |
No statutory damages penalty in § 1508. Improper purpose defeats access; reasonable confidentiality/use restrictions allowed. Financial-report agreement/public-filing exceptions, director rights, litigation discovery, and substantive purpose merits remain separate (§§ 1508, 1554) |
| Rhode Island verified 2026-08-25 | Rhode Island Business Corporation Act, R.I. Gen. Laws §§ 7-1.2-106, -704, -1502; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; record shareholder/voting-trust certificate holder; books, meeting-list, financial, penalty, and court routes |
Shareholder means holder of record. § 7-1.2-1502 separately includes holder of voting-trust certificates; no beneficial-owner, duration, percentage, or separate proof route stated (§§ 7-1.2-106(12), -1502) |
Books: written demand stating purpose; no signature, oath, verification, named recipient, delivery method, particularized record list, or fixed wait. Meeting list: written demand and statutory availability at least 10 days before meeting. Financials: written request; no response deadline (§§ 7-1.2-704, -1502) |
Books/extracts require relevant records, proper purpose, and a demand stating purpose; court compulsion requires proof of proper purpose. Bad faith or improper purpose defeats the 10% penalty. No affidavit, presumption, or category-specific burden stated (§ 7-1.2-1502) |
Accessible: relevant books and records of account, shareholder/board/committee minutes, and shareholder record; extracts allowed. Articles, bylaws, general ledgers, voting agreements, and filed reports not separately named; voting-trust certificates create standing, not an express agreement-inspection category (§ 7-1.2-1502) |
Books, records, and minutes may be written or reasonably convertible to writing. No express email, text, electronic-copy, metadata, native-format, informal-record, or subsidiary-record right (§ 7-1.2-1502(a)-(b)) |
Voting list available at least 10 days before meeting through meeting at registered office/principal place; written-demand inspection and in-person/remote meeting access, no express copy right. Most recent financials mailed on written request; no deadline or general communications route (§§ 7-1.2-704, -1502(e)) |
Books: personal/agent/attorney examination at reasonable times and extracts; statute states no inspection place, copy format, cost, remote production, or confidentiality term. Meeting list: registered office/principal place, regular hours, agent/attorney, inspection only (§§ 7-1.2-704, -1502) |
Any court of competent jurisdiction may compel account books, minutes, and shareholder record upon proof of proper purpose. Statute states no venue, demand-to-court wait, summary/expedited process, fee shifting, appeal rule, or protective-order power (§ 7-1.2-1502(d)) |
Refusing corporation/officer/agent liable for 10% of share value plus other damages/remedies. Defense: within 2 years list sale/offer, aiding list procurement for sale, prior improper use, or demand lacking good faith/proper purpose. Meeting-vote challenges use list; no public-company or discovery branch (§§ 7-1.2-704, -1502(c)) |
| South Carolina verified 2026-08-25 | South Carolina Business Corporation Act, S.C. Code title 33, chs. 1-20, principally §§ 33-7-200, -300 and 33-16-101 to -200; ordinary domestic private business corporation; direct/broader tiers, meeting list, financials, copying, and court relief |
Shareholder is record holder or beneficial owner to extent nominee- certificate rights are on file; voting-trust certificate holder generally has shareholder inspection rights. No duration/percentage floor except at least 1% of a class for tax-return inspection; agent/attorney permitted (§§ 33-1-400, 33-7-300, 33-16-102 to -103) |
Written notice at least 5 business days before inspection; no express signature/verification. General notice may go to registered agent/office or corporation/secretary at principal office and is effective on receipt, 5 days after proper mailing, or signed return-receipt date. Broader demand particularizes purpose and records (§§ 33-1-410, 33-16-102) |
No purpose test for principal-office tier except tax threshold. Broader records require good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection; meeting-list copying imports those tests. No affidavit or presumption. Corporation bears good-faith reasonable-doubt fee defense (§§ 33-7-200, 33-16-102, -104) |
Direct: articles/bylaws, share-class resolutions, 10 years' shareholder minutes/actions and tax returns, 3 years' group communications/financials, current leaders, latest DOR annual report. Broader: other shareholder/board/ committee minutes/actions, accounting, shareholder record. Voting-trust agreement/list retained but not named as direct tier (§§ 33-7-300, 33-16-101 to -102) |
Records may be written or reasonably convertible to writing; direct tier includes 3 years' written group communications. No express email, metadata, informal-message, or subsidiary-record inspection category; annual financials may consolidate/combine subsidiaries (§§ 33-16-101, -200) |
Shareholder record is broader tier. Private-company meeting list available from notice date through meeting; inspection is direct, copying imports purpose tests and is at shareholder expense. Annual financials mailed to every shareholder within 120 days after year-end; missed recipient may request latest statements (§§ 33-7-200, 33-16-101, -200) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader tier at reasonable corporation- specified location; regular business hours; agent/attorney. Reasonable photographic/xerographic/other copies; charge capped at estimated labor/ material cost. No express pre-demand confidentiality term; court may impose use/distribution restrictions (§§ 33-16-102 to -104) |
Circuit court in principal-office county, then SC registered-office county; summary core order at corporation expense and expedited broader application. Costs/counsel fees mandatory if inspection ordered unless corporation proves good-faith reasonable doubt; reasonable use/distribution restrictions allowed. Meeting-list order may postpone meeting (§§ 33-7-200, 33-16-104) |
No fixed statutory damages. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats mandatory fee shift, not an inspection order; articles/bylaws cannot limit right. Meeting action remains valid despite list failure; litigation access and independent court production power preserved. Public-company meeting-list start may be 5 business days after notice (§§ 33-7-200, 33-16-102, -104) |
| South Dakota verified 2026-08-25 | South Dakota Business Corporation Act, SDCL §§ 47-1A-720, -1601 to -1604.2, -1620; ordinary domestic corporation; direct and purpose-tested tiers, meeting list, requested financials, copies/costs, court restrictions, expenses, and boundaries |
Shareholder includes beneficial owner whose shares are held in voting trust or by nominee. No ownership-duration, percentage, affidavit, or documentary-proof floor stated (§ 47-1A-1602.3) |
Both tiers: written notice at least 5 business days before requested inspection/copy date; no signature, oath, verification, recipient, or delivery method stated. Broader tier particularly describes purpose and records. Financials use written request with no deadline (§§ 47-1A-1602 to -1602.2, -1620) |
Direct principal-office tier has no purpose test. Board/committee excerpts, accounting records, and shareholder record require good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and direct connection; no presumption, affidavit, or express burden rule (§§ 47-1A-1602 to -1602.2) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, share-class resolutions, 3 years of shareholder minutes/actions and general communications, current leaders, latest annual report. Broader: board/committee and other action excerpts, accounting records, shareholder record. Voting agreements not named (§§ 47-1A-1601 to -1602.2) |
Records may be written or convertible to writing; reasonable copying includes electronic transmission if available/requested. General shareholder communications for 3 years covered, but no express internal email, text, metadata, native-format, informal-message, or subsidiary-record category (§§ 47-1A-1601, -1601.1, -1603) |
Shareholder record is purpose-tested. Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting at principal office/identified city location; written-demand inspect/copy and meeting access. Most recent financial mailed on any shareholder's written request; no response deadline (§§ 47-1A-720, -1602.1, -1620) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader tier at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular hours; agent/attorney. Reasonable xerographic/electronic copies; charge capped at estimated production/reproduction/transmission cost; demand-date-or-newer shareholder list may be corporate-paid. Court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 47-1A-1602 to -1604.2) |
Circuit court in principal-office county, then Hughes County. Direct tier summary order at corporation expense; broader tier expedited after unreasonable delay. If access ordered, costs including reasonable counsel fees unless corporation proves good-faith reasonable doubt; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 47-1A-1604 to -1604.2) |
No fixed damages/percentage penalty. Expense defense is good-faith refusal based on reasonable doubt. Articles/bylaws cannot limit rights; litigation inspection and independent court production preserved; meeting-list refusal does not invalidate action. No public-company, misuse-sale, discovery-merits, or fiduciary-outcome rule (§§ 47-1A-720, -1602.3, -1604.2) |
| Tennessee verified 2026-08-25 | Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 48-17-201, -301, 48-26-101 to -104, -201; ordinary domestic business corporation; shareholder/qualifying beneficial owner; two record tiers, meeting list, voting trust, financials, costs, and court relief |
Any shareholder; includes beneficial owner whose shares are held in a voting trust or by a nominee. General definition also recognizes nominee- certificate rights. No duration, percentage, affidavit, or documentary- proof floor stated (§§ 48-11-201, 48-26-102(f)) |
Written notice ≥5 business days before inspection for both record tiers; broader demand describes purpose/records with reasonable particularity. Meeting-list demand and financial request are written; voting-trust copy is open daily without a stated demand (§§ 48-17-201, -301, 48-26-102, -201) |
No purpose test for core tier. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, particularity, and direct connection; meeting-list copying imports that test. No affidavit/presumption or express merits burden; shareholder proves unreasonable refusal for fee shifting (§§ 48-17-201, 48-26-102, -104) |
Core: current charter/bylaws/share resolutions, 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions, general communications/financials, current director/officer list, latest annual report. Broader: remaining board/committee/shareholder actions, accounting records, shareholder record; voting-trust agreement is separately open (§§ 48-17-301, 48-26-101 to -102) |
Records may be written or reasonably convertible to writing; reasonable photographic, xerographic, or other copies. No express email, text, metadata, informal-record, or subsidiary-record category; financials may consolidate subsidiaries (§§ 48-26-101, -103, -201) |
Shareholder record is broader-tier. Meeting list runs from 2 business days after notice through meeting; copy requires proper-purpose test. Requested annual financials mail within 1 month, but latest fiscal year within 4 months after close (§§ 48-17-201, 48-26-101 to -102, -201) |
Core at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-set location; regular hours; agent/attorney. Reasonable photographic/xerographic/other copies; charge capped at estimated labor/material production cost. No express pre-demand confidentiality term (§§ 48-26-102 to -103) |
Equity court in principal-office county or, if none in TN, registered-office county; core summary, broader expedited. Costs/counsel fees if shareholder proves no reasonable basis for refusal; court may restrict use/distribution; meeting-list court may postpone meeting (§§ 48-17-201, 48-26-104) |
No statutory damages in surveyed sections. Reasonable-basis fee defense; court use/distribution restrictions; litigation and independent court power preserved; meeting-list failure does not invalidate action. No express public-company branch (§§ 48-17-201, 48-26-102, -104) |
| Texas verified 2026-08-25 | Tex. Bus. Orgs. Code §§ 3.151, 21.218-.222, 21.354, 21.372; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; shareholder/voting-trust beneficial holder; governing-person route separate |
Nonjudicial: shares held at least 6 months or at least 5% outstanding; voting-trust beneficial interest counts. Court: beneficial or record holder regardless of period or number, with proof of proper purpose (§ 21.218) |
Written demand stating proper purpose; statute states no fixed response wait, signature, oath, or notarization. Annual/interim statements also use written request and reasonable preparation time (§§ 21.218-.219) |
Demand must state proper purpose; records must be reasonably related and appropriate. Court route requires proof. Listed/electing corporations may reject derivative/adversarial-litigation-connected demands, subject to discovery/court exceptions (§ 21.218) |
Required accounts, owner/governing-body/committee minutes, current owner names/addresses, share-transfer records, and other required/tangible records; governing documents may add access (§§ 3.151, 21.218) |
Records may use electronic systems if convertible to paper in reasonable time. Emails, texts, similar communications, and social-media information excluded unless they effectuate corporate action; no express subsidiary-record route (§§ 3.151, 21.218) |
Meeting voting list prepared by day 11, kept at least 10 days and open in regular hours; secure electronic option. On written request, last-year annual and most recent publicly filed/published interim statements (§§ 21.219, 21.354, 21.372) |
Reasonable time at principal place or mutually approved location; holder or agent/accountant/attorney may inspect/copy. Court production at holder cost; agent shares holder obligations; no express statutory confidentiality condition (§ 21.218) |
Court may compel for beneficial/record holder on proof of proper purpose regardless of holding period/percentage, at holder cost. Wrongful refusal permits enforcement costs including attorney fees; no special venue/expedited rule stated (§§ 21.218, 21.222) |
Refusal liability: enforcement costs/fees plus other remedies; defenses include 2-year list sale/assistance, prior misuse, bad faith, or improper purpose. Meeting-list failures cause actual-damage liability (§§ 21.220-.222) |
| Utah verified 2026-08-25 | Utah Revised Business Corporation Act, Utah Code §§ 16-10a-101 and 16-10a-720, -1601 to -1606; ordinary domestic private business corporation; direct/broader tiers, meeting list, requested financials, copies, court relief, fees, damages, use limits, and Oct. 1, 2026 annual-report transition |
Shareholder includes voting-trust beneficial owner and any other beneficial owner who establishes beneficial ownership. No duration or percentage floor; statute states no prescribed proof form. Agent/attorney has same rights (§§ 16-10a-1602(4), -1603(1)) |
Written notice to corporation at least 5 business days before desired inspection for both tiers; no signature, oath, verification, named recipient, or delivery-address rule. Broader demand particularly describes purpose and records; financial and meeting-list routes use written request/ demand (§§ 16-10a-720, -1602, -1605) |
No purpose test for principal-office tier. Broader records require good faith, proper purpose reasonably related to shareholder interest, particularity, and direct connection; information use limited to stated purpose. No affidavit, presumption, or express initial burden allocation; corporation bears good-faith reasonable-doubt fee defense (§§ 16-10a-1602, -1604) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws; 3 years of shareholder minutes/actions, group communications, and prepared financials requestable under § 1605; current leaders; latest annual report. Broader: other shareholder/board/ committee minutes/actions and waivers, accounting records, shareholder record. Voting agreements not named (§§ 16-10a-1601 to -1602) |
Records may be written or capable of conversion to writing within reasonable time; copies may be photographic, xerographic, or other reasonable means. No express email, metadata, informal-message, native-electronic-production, or subsidiary-record category (§§ 16-10a-1601, -1603) |
Shareholder record is broader tier. Meeting list available from earlier of 10 days before meeting or 2 business days after notice through meeting/ adjournments; purpose-tested copying and germane in-meeting use; summary remedy. Any shareholder may request mailed most-recent annual or quarterly statements; no deadline (§§ 16-10a-720, -1605) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular business hours; agent/attorney. Reasonable photographic/ xerographic/other copies; advance charge capped at estimated labor/material production or reproduction cost; demand-date-or-newer list. Broader-record use limited to stated purpose; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 16-10a-1602 to -1604) |
Court with Title 78A jurisdiction; summary direct or broader order and expedited broader petition. Mandatory costs including reasonable counsel fees unless good-faith reasonable doubt; use/distribution restrictions, bad-faith damages and broader inspection expenses, other legal remedy. Meeting-list order may postpone meeting and has parallel fees/damages (§§ 16-10a-720, -1604) |
No fixed damages; court may award denial damages for lack of good faith and broader inspection expenses. Stated-purpose-only use restriction; good- faith reasonable doubt defeats mandatory fees; articles/bylaws cannot abolish right. Meeting-list failure does not invalidate action; litigation and independent production preserved. Public-company, discovery, fiduciary, valuation, and trade-secret merits remain separate (§§ 16-10a-720, -1602, -1604) |
| Vermont verified 2026-08-25 | 11A V.S.A. §§ 7.20, 16.01-.04, 16.20; ordinary Vermont business corporation; shareholder inspection, meeting-list, and financial-statement routes |
§ 16.02 includes a beneficial owner whose shares are held in a voting trust or by a nominee; no duration or percentage floor stated. Meeting list is narrower: record shareholder entitled to vote (§§ 7.20, 16.02(f)) |
Written notice at least 5 business days before inspection; no statutory signature, verification, or delivery method. Accounting/list demand must describe purpose and records with reasonable particularity (§ 16.02) |
§ 16.01(e) records: no special purpose test. Accounting records/shareholder record: shareholder establishes good faith, proper purpose, particularity, and direct connection; meeting-list copying also invokes § 16.02(c) (§§ 7.20, 16.02) |
Articles, bylaws, share-class resolutions, shareholder minutes/actions, 3 years of shareholder communications/financials, current directors/officers, latest annual report; accounting records and shareholder record. Board-minute retention alone is not a listed shareholder-access category; voting agreements not named (§§ 16.01-.02) |
Records may be written or electronic if convertible to writing in reasonable time; 3-year shareholder communications are covered. No express email/text/social-media or subsidiary-inspection category; annual financials may consolidate subsidiaries (§§ 16.01(d)-(e), 16.20) |
Meeting list available from 2 business days after meeting notice through meeting and at meeting; voter may demand inspection/copying. Annual financials mailed within 120 days; omitted shareholder may request latest statements (§§ 7.20, 16.20) |
§ 16.01(e) records at VT principal/registered office; accounting/list at corporation-specified reasonable location; regular hours; agent/attorney; reasonable copies. Charge limited to estimated labor/material cost; no express pre-demand confidentiality agreement (§§ 16.02-.03) |
County Superior Court: summary order for § 16.01(e) records; expedited other-record application after reasonable-time refusal; corporation pays costs/counsel fees unless it proves good-faith reasonable doubt; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 7.20(d), 16.04) |
No standalone damages penalty. Meeting-list refusal can postpone meeting and, after timely objection, negate action absent 5-day recess or lawful-refusal declaration; litigation and independent court powers preserved; articles/bylaws cannot limit (§§ 7.20(d)-(e), 16.02(d)-(e), 16.04) |
| Virginia verified 2026-08-25 | Va. Code §§ 13.1-661 and 13.1-770 to -774; Virginia Stock Corporation Act; shareholder/qualified beneficial owner; core and broader records, meeting lists, annual financial statements, copies, restrictions, and court relief |
Core tier: any shareholder. Broader tier: shareholder ≥6 months or record holder/beneficial owner of ≥5% of voting shares; voting-trust/nominee beneficial owner included except for record-holder list. No separate proof document stated (§ 13.1-771(A), (D), (H)) |
Signed written notice to corporate secretary ≥10 business days before inspection for both tiers. Broader demand particularly describes purpose and records. Financial request written; court trigger after 30 days without response (§§ 13.1-771(A), (C)-(D), 13.1-774(A), (E)) |
No purpose test for core tier. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, particularity, and direct connection. Financials may be denied on reasonable bad-faith/improper-purpose determination; corporation bears that burden in court. No affidavit (§§ 13.1-771(D), 13.1-774(D)-(E)) |
Core tier: current articles/bylaws, share-right resolutions, 3 years of shareholder minutes/actions and general written communications, current shareholder agreement, director/officer list, latest annual report. Broader tier adds board/committee excerpts and recent-financial ledgers/work papers (§§ 13.1-770(E), 13.1-771(A), (C)) |
Records may be documents including electronic records or convertible to paper; corporation may furnish copies electronically. No express email, text, metadata, or subsidiary-record inspection category; financials may be consolidated/combined with subsidiaries (§§ 13.1-770(D), 13.1-772(B), 13.1-774(A)) |
Record-holder list is broader-tier; beneficial owners need not appear absent registration procedure. Meeting notice/voting lists have premeeting, electronic-network, demand, and court rules. Written request gets latest prepared annual financials subject to defenses (§§ 13.1-661, 13.1-770(C), 13.1-771(C), 13.1-774) |
Core tier at principal office; broader tier at reasonable corporation-set location; regular hours; agent/attorney. Corporation chooses reasonable copy method, including electronic, and may charge estimated cost; reasonable broader-tier confidentiality/use/distribution restrictions (§§ 13.1-771, 13.1-772) |
Circuit court at VA principal office or, if none, registered office; core order summary and at corporation expense, broader application expedited. Court may restrict records and award expenses on shareholder proof of baseless refusal/unreasonable restriction (§ 13.1-773) |
No statutory damages in surveyed sections. Reasonable confidentiality/use/ distribution and financial good-faith/proper-purpose defenses; litigation access preserved. Independent compulsion branch excludes public corporation; public financials may use SEC methods (§§ 13.1-771(E), (G), 13.1-774(C)-(E)) |
| Washington verified 2026-08-25 | RCW 23B.07.200 and 23B.16.010-.040, .200; Washington Business Corporation Act; shareholder/qualifying beneficial owner; core and broader records, lists, financials, copying, cost, court orders, and restrictions |
Any shareholder; includes beneficial owner through voting trust or nominee. No duration, percentage, affidavit, or documentary-proof floor in inspection section. Meeting-list inspection likewise any shareholder (§§ 23B.07.200, 23B.16.020(6)) |
Executed written notice ≥5 business days before desired inspection for both tiers; broader demand describes purpose/records with reasonable particularity. Financial request written and delivery prompt; no fixed days (§§ 23B.16.020(1)-(3), 23B.16.200(2)) |
No purpose test for core tier. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, particular description, and direct connection. Court fee defense places proof of good-faith reasonable doubt on corporation; no affidavit or statutory presumption (§§ 23B.16.020(3), 23B.16.040(3)) |
Core: current articles/bylaws, 3 years of shareholder minutes/actions, financial statements, general shareholder communications, director/officer list, latest report. Broader: remaining board/committee/shareholder action materials, accounting records, shareholder record (§§ 23B.16.010(5), 23B.16.020(1)-(2)) |
Records must be paper-convertible; reasonable copies may be electronic. Core tier includes 3 years of written general shareholder communications, but no express email/text/metadata/informal-record rule. Financials may consolidate subsidiaries (§§ 23B.16.010(4)-(5), .030(2), .200(1)) |
Shareholder record is broader-tier. Meeting list available for 10 days before/through meeting, including remote network; copying follows broader test. Annual balance sheet/income statement prepared within 4 months and promptly delivered on written request (§§ 23B.07.200, 23B.16.200) |
Core at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-set location; regular hours; agent/attorney. Corporation chooses reasonable copy method, including electronic; charge capped at estimated labor/material cost. No express pre-order confidentiality term (§§ 23B.16.020-.030) |
Superior court in principal-office county or, if none in WA, registered- office county; summary core order at corporation expense; broader expedited. Costs/counsel fees mandatory unless good-faith reasonable-doubt defense; court may restrict use/distribution (§ 23B.16.040) |
No statutory damages in surveyed sections. Fee defense for good-faith reasonable doubt; court use/distribution restrictions; meeting-list failure does not invalidate action. Litigation and independent production powers preserved; public-company/fiduciary/discovery merits separate (§§ 23B.07.200(6), 23B.16.020(5), .040(3)-(4)) |
| West Virginia verified 2026-08-25 | West Virginia Business Corporation Act, W. Va. Code §§ 31D-1-101, -1-150, -7-720, -16-1601 to -1604, -16-1620; ordinary domestic for-profit corporation; shareholder inspection, meeting-list, financial, and court routes |
Shareholder is record holder or beneficial owner to nominee-certificate rights; § 31D-16-1602 also includes voting-trust/nominee beneficial owners. No duration, percentage, or separate proof floor (§§ 31D-1-150(21), -16-1602(f)) |
Written notice at least 5 business days before both inspection tiers. Broader demand must particularly describe purpose and records. No signature, oath, verification, named recipient, or prescribed delivery method (§ 31D-16-1602) |
Direct principal-office tier has no purpose test. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, reasonable particularity, and records directly connected to purpose; no affidavit, presumption, or express merits burden (§ 31D-16-1602) |
Direct: current articles/bylaws, outstanding-share resolutions, 3 years' shareholder minutes/actions and general communications/furnished financials, current directors/officers. Broader: other shareholder/board/committee actions, accounting, shareholder record; no voting-agreement category (§§ 31D-16-1601 to -1602) |
Records may be written or reasonably convertible to writing; electronic copies are available if available and requested. No express internal-email, text, metadata, native-format, or general subsidiary-record category; annual financials may consolidate/combine subsidiaries (§§ 31D-16-1601, -1603, -1620) |
Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting; written-demand copies import purpose test. Unless unanimously waived, annual financials mailed to all within 120 days; unmailed holder may request latest. Direct tier includes 3 years' general communications (§§ 31D-7-720, -16-1601, -16-1620) |
Direct tier at principal office; broader at reasonable corporation-specified location; regular hours; agent/attorney; reasonable xerographic/other or requested available electronic copies; estimated production/reproduction/transmission cost. No pre-demand confidentiality term; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 31D-16-1602 to -1604) |
Circuit court under chapter venue rules. Direct-tier order may be summary and at corporate expense; broader route is expedited. Corporation pays costs including reasonable counsel fees unless it proves good-faith reasonable doubt; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 31D-1-140, -16-1604) |
No fixed statutory damages in surveyed sections. Good-faith reasonable doubt defeats cost/fee shifting; litigation access and independent court production remain preserved; meeting-list refusal does not invalidate action. Public-company, misuse, fiduciary, valuation, and discovery issues are outside these provisions (§§ 31D-7-720, -16-1602, -16-1604) |
| Wisconsin verified 2026-08-25 | Wisconsin Business Corporation Law, ch. 180, principally §§ 180.0720 and 180.1601 to 180.1620; ordinary domestic private business corporation; shareholder/covered beneficial owner; bylaws tier, broader records tier, meeting list, financials, copying, and court relief |
Shareholder includes beneficial owner whose shares are held in voting trust or by nominee. Bylaws: no duration/percentage floor. Broader records: at least 6 months OR at least 5% outstanding shares; court may waive that gate; agent/attorney has same rights (§§ 180.1602 to 180.1604) |
Written notice complying with § 180.0141 at least 5 business days before inspection; no signature/verification rule. Broader demand states purpose and records with reasonable particularity; corporation must allow access within a reasonable time (§§ 180.1602, 180.1604) |
No purpose test for bylaws. Broader tier requires good faith, proper purpose, particularity, and direct connection; meeting-list copying imports those four tests. No affidavit/presumption; shareholder proves tests for court waiver, corporation bears fee-defense burden (§§ 180.0720, 180.1602, 180.1604) |
Core tier: current bylaws only. Broader tier: excerpts from permanent shareholder/board/committee minutes and actions, accounting records, and shareholder record. Articles and voting-trust agreements are not express access categories (§§ 180.1601 to 180.1602) |
Records may be written or reasonably convertible to writing; meeting list may use an accessible electronic network. No express email, text, metadata, informal-record, or subsidiary-record inspection category; annual financials may consolidate/combine subsidiaries (§§ 180.0720, 180.1601, 180.1620) |
Shareholder record is broader-tier. Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting; any holder may inspect, while copying requires purpose tests and requester expense; remote-meeting list online. Annual statements prepared within 120 days and mailed on any holder's written request (§§ 180.0720, 180.1602, 180.1620) |
Bylaws at principal office; broader records at reasonable corporation-set location; regular hours; agent/attorney; copies. Corporation may charge estimated labor/material cost; meeting-list copy at requester expense. No express pre-demand confidentiality term; court may restrict use/distribution (§§ 180.0720, 180.1602 to 180.1604) |
Circuit court in principal-office county or, if none in WI, registered- office county; no express expedited schedule. Order triggers costs/expenses/ reasonable attorney fees unless corporation proves good-faith reasonable doubt; court may restrict use and waive ownership gate. Meeting-list order is at corporation expense and may postpone meeting (§§ 180.0720, 180.1604) |
No statutory damages/penalty. Good-faith reasonable-doubt fee defense; court use/distribution restrictions; meeting action remains valid despite list failure. Litigation access and independent court power preserved; control-share special-meeting route remains separate (§§ 180.0720, 180.1602, 180.1604) |
| Wyoming verified 2026-08-25 | Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§ 17-16-720, 17-16-1601 to -1604, 17-16-1620; ordinary Wyoming business corporation; shareholder records, meeting-list, and requested-financial routes |
§ 1602 includes voting-trust/nominee beneficial owner generally; basic tier has no floor. Broader tier expressly requires record ownership for preceding 6 months AND record holding of at least 5% of all outstanding shares (§ 17-16-1602(a), (b), (f)) |
Written notice at least 5 business days before inspection; no statutory signature, oath, or delivery method. Broader demand must describe purpose and records with reasonable particularity (§ 17-16-1602) |
Basic § 1601(e) records: no special purpose test. Broader records: good faith, proper purpose, particularity, and direct connection; statute states requirements rather than a presumption. Meeting-list copying also invokes § 1602(c) (§§ 17-16-720, -1602) |
Basic: articles, bylaws, share-class resolutions, 3 years of shareholder minutes/actions and communications/financials, directors/officers, latest report. Enhanced: board/committee/shareholder record excerpts, accounting records, shareholder record. Voting agreements not named (§§ 17-16-1601 to -1602) |
Records may use storage devices, distributed/electronic networks or databases if convertible to writing; copies may be electronically transmitted if available/requested. No express all-email/text/social-media or subsidiary-inspection category; financials may consolidate subsidiaries (§§ 17-16-1601(d), -1603(b), -1620) |
Meeting list available from 2 business days after notice through meeting and at meeting; any shareholder may demand inspection/copying. Annual financials furnished on request; requested mailing within 120 days after fiscal close, later omitted-holder request gets latest statements (§§ 17-16-720, -1620) |
Basic records at principal office; broader records at corporation-specified reasonable location; regular hours; agent/attorney; reasonable paper or available electronic copies. Charge capped at estimated labor/material/production/transmission cost; no express pre-demand confidentiality agreement (§§ 17-16-1602 to -1603) |
County district court: summary basic-record order; expedited broader-record application after reasonable-time refusal; corporation pays expenses/counsel fees unless it proves good-faith reasonable doubt; use/distribution restrictions allowed. Meeting-list order may add suit costs/fees and postpone meeting (§§ 17-16-720(d), -1604) |
No standalone damages penalty; meeting-list refusal does not invalidate meeting action. Good-faith reasonable-doubt defense limits fee shifting; litigation access and independent court power preserved; articles/bylaws may expand but not limit inspection (§§ 17-16-720(e), -1602(d)-(e), -1604) |
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