Federal agency decisions, searchable in plain English.

Workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC) and mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), each with a plain-English summary, the standards it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.

5,593 decisions and counting · Latest decision July 17, 2026
62 decisions 29 C.F.R. § 1926.451(a)(4)

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COMM

Manganas Painting Co., Inc.

Lead and fall-protection items partly affirmed

Manganas removed lead-based paint from two bridges using abrasive blasting inside canvas containments. OSHA cited the company for lead monitoring, shower, and medical-surveillance violations, as well as numerous fall-protection hazards. The Commission upheld the inspection warrant and found that…

April 25, 2007
Mixed result
COMM

Superior Rigging & Erecting Co.

Settlement approved with $68,600 total penalty

Superior Rigging & Erecting and the Secretary settled the remaining issues in a case involving fall protection during elevator-shaft work. The agreement retained an affirmed item, resolved a scaffold-guardrail item under 29 C.F.R. § 1926.451(a)(4), dismissed an alternative allegation under 29…

May 15, 2001
Settled
COMM

Manganas Painting Co.

Commission affirms bridge fall violations and raises repeated-violation penalties

Manganas Painting was sandblasting and repainting the Jeremiah Morrow Bridge near Cincinnati, Ohio. OSHA cited the company after employees used an unguarded painter's pick and clipped safety-belt lanyards to beam openings in a way that could let the hooks disengage. The Commission held that the…

September 27, 2000
Modified
COMM

Superior Rigging & Erecting Co.

Commission affirms lifeline item and remands competing fall-protection charges

Superior Rigging was installing elevator sill angles in a 24-story office building in Montgomery, Alabama when a foreman fell down an elevator shaft. The Commission held that installing the nonstructural sill angles was not steel erection work covered by OSHA's temporary stay of the Subpart M…

April 5, 2000
Remanded
ALJ

Walter Jensen, d/b/a S & W Construction

Willful steep-roof fall citations affirmed, one power-line item vacated

Walter Jensen, doing business as S & W Construction, ran residential roofing crews in New Hampshire. OSHA inspected two of his steep-roof jobsites about five weeks apart, both under the same foreman, and found roofers working high above the ground with no guardrails, nets, or personal fall arrest…

May 13, 1998 ·Richard DeBenedetto
Mixed result
ALJ

Daniel A. Mickelsen, an Individual, d/b/a M-L Masonry

Unguarded scaffold item affirmed

M-L Masonry removed scaffold guardrails while lowering a work platform about 16 feet above the ground. The judge found that employees on the platform were exposed to a fall hazard and that the guardrail requirement continued to apply during lowering and dismantling unless compliance became…

September 18, 1997 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Mixed result
COMM

Continental Roof Systems, Inc.

Mootness dismissal reversed and case remanded

OSHA cited Continental Roof Systems for sixteen alleged roofing, scaffold, fall-protection, equipment, training, and recordkeeping violations, with $139,600 in proposed penalties. The ALJ dismissed the case as moot after Continental went out of business and had no employees. The Commission had…

June 12, 1997
Remanded
COMM

Meridian Contractors, Inc.

Dismissals reversed and citation cases remanded

OSHA issued Meridian Contractors serious and willful construction citations with proposed penalties after two inspections. The ALJ dismissed both cases under Commission precedent treating the actions as moot because Meridian had stopped employing workers and was preparing to dissolve. After that…

June 12, 1997
Remanded
ALJ

D. A. Collins Constr. Co., Inc.

Foreman's tie-off violations defeated misconduct defense

Collins carpenters stripped bridge formwork from a temporary platform 34 feet above the ground. A carpenter fell from the bridge and died, and OSHA cited the company for fall-protection violations. Two carpenters routinely crossed the unguarded platform without tying off, and their foreman observed…

October 21, 1996 ·Paul L. Brady
Citations affirmed
COMM

D.M. Sabia Company

Repeat scaffold violation reinstated after court mandate

Sabia stipulated that it violated the scaffold standard requiring guardrails and toeboards on elevated platforms. The judge classified the violation as repeated and assessed an agreed $4,000 penalty, but the Commission initially reduced it to serious with a $1,000 penalty under then-controlling…

October 16, 1996
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Minelli Construction Company, Inc.

Mixed ruling on bridge rehabilitation safety citations

Minelli Construction Company was a subcontractor performing rehabilitation work on a New York Thruway bridge. OSHA cited the company for alleged hazards involving eye and face protection, hazard communication, fall protection, electrical equipment, suspended scaffolds, access, and gasoline storage…

July 1, 1996 ·Robert A. Yetman
Mixed result
ALJ

Consolidated Concepts, Inc., Camden Development, Inc., Noconi Construction Corporation

Most citations vacated, one pump-jack scaffold item affirmed serious, $1,500

OSHA inspected a three-story apartment complex under construction in Corpus Christi, Texas, and issued serious citations to three companies at the site: Consolidated Concepts (CCI), Camden Development (the general contractor), and Noconi Construction. All three contested, the cases were…

May 13, 1996 ·Stanley M. Schwartz
Mixed result
ALJ

Harbert-Yeargin, Inc.

Seven electrical and scaffold items affirmed serious, four vacated, $4,500

Harbert-Yeargin was the general contractor building a cogeneration power plant in Fort Myers, Florida, that would turn municipal solid waste into steam and electricity for Lee County. While inspecting the site over another contractor in June 1994, an OSHA compliance officer also cited…

May 6, 1996 ·Ken S. Welsch
Mixed result
COMM

Armstrong Steel Erectors, Inc.

Commission affirms four fall and impalement violations on bridge project

Armstrong Steel Erectors, Inc. was widening and rehabilitating an Interstate 70 bridge in Ohio. The Commission affirmed four serious violations involving unguarded planks used as runways between girders, unguarded painters' picks used as scaffolds, unguarded concrete pier tops used as work…

September 20, 1995
Citations affirmed
COMM

CECO Corp.

Ladder and scaffold violations affirmed after fatal fall

A CECO laborer suffered a fatal 18-foot fall from an improvised stairwell scaffold made from a narrow aluminum plank, a straight ladder, and closed stepladders. The Commission admitted evidence that the judge had excluded, but found that the employee's prior statements did not undermine his…

April 12, 1995
Citations affirmed
ALJ

Franklin E. Skepton

Twelve construction-safety violations affirmed

Franklin E. Skepton was the general contractor for a high-school addition in Pennsylvania. OSHA cited conditions including unguarded floor and wall openings, missing hard hats, unsafe compressed-gas handling, unprotected electrical equipment, unstable and unguarded scaffolds, improper gasoline…

March 13, 1995 ·John H. Frye III
Citations affirmed
COMM

L & M Lignos Enterprises

Safety-training violation affirmed, penalty reduced to $750

L & M Lignos Enterprises was a bridge painting and sandblasting firm working beneath a bridge in Cleveland, Ohio. Employee Emmanuel Kleoudis fell from a suspended scaffold onto a barge and later died from his injuries. Although the company told employees to use safety belts and lifelines above 10…

February 14, 1995
Modified
COMM

Texas A.C.A., Inc.

Commission affirms vacatur of all scaffold citations because a diligent contractor did not know of conditions other trades kept disturbing

Texas A.C.A., Inc. was the plastering contractor on a four-story hospital construction project in Bedford, Texas. Texas erected the tubular welded frame scaffolding around the building, but other contractors used it too and frequently moved or removed the planks without telling Texas, so Texas had…

February 1, 1995
Citations vacated
ALJ

Southern Forming, Inc.

Broad safety violations affirmed at $69,150

Southern Forming, also known as Suncrete Construction, performed concrete formwork at construction sites in Sunny Isles and Delray Beach, Florida. At the Sunny Isles site, an employee fell to his death from a stairway, and OSHA's investigation identified numerous fall-protection, stairway…

February 7, 1994 ·Paul L. Brady
Modified
COMM

Nooter Construction Co.

Cylinder and ladder items affirmed, scaffold item vacated

Nooter Construction was building coke drums at a New Jersey refinery when OSHA cited compressed-gas-cylinder, ladder, and scaffold conditions. The Commission reversed the ALJ's cylinder ruling, holding that a three-sided cylinder truck was not suitable when its securing chain was left open and the…

January 31, 1994
Mixed result
ALJ

D.H. Shelton Associates, Inc.

Scaffold guardrail violation affirmed with reduced penalty

D.H. Shelton Associates was a subcontractor on an automobile dealership construction project in El Paso, Texas. The judge rejected the company's challenge to the OSHA inspection because the general contractor consented and a worker who identified himself as Shelton's foreman did not object. OSHA…

April 29, 1993 ·E. Carter Botkin
Modified
ALJ

Custom Services

Settlement approved with $975 in penalties

OSHA issued Custom Services a serious citation containing several construction safety items. At the hearing, the parties reached a settlement and placed its terms on the record. The judge adopted the agreement, which withdrew one scaffold item and affirmed the remaining listed violations. The order…

March 12, 1993 ·Nancy J. Spies
Settled
COMM

Sprinkle Masonry, Inc.

Scaffold case settled for $7,000

Sprinkle Masonry contested scaffold items alleged as willful, two repeat ladder-related instances, and an other-than-serious item. Under the settlement, the Secretary removed the willful characterization from the scaffold violations and Sprinkle Masonry withdrew its contest to those items. The…

August 22, 1991
Settled
COMM

A.C. Dellovade, Inc.

Willful fall-protection violations affirmed

A.C. Dellovade employees installed metal ceiling panels high inside a large A-frame building. One employee tied his lanyard to a movable wooden plank that served as his work platform, and he fell about 40 feet to his death when the plank became dislodged. The Commission found that the lifeline was…

January 12, 1987
Citations affirmed
COMM

Gerard Chimney Company

Willful items settled as repeated violations

The Secretary amended two citation items from willful to repeated violations: one under section 1926.28(a) and one covering two subitems under section 1926.451(a)(4). Gerard Chimney withdrew its notice of contest, represented that the conditions had been and would remain abated, and agreed to pay…

February 10, 1984
Settled
COMM

J. L. Foti Construction Company, Inc.

Scaffold and repeated-classification issues remanded

Employees worked on three levels of a tubular-frame scaffold without standard guardrails and toeboards. The judge found a serious violation but rejected repeated classification because the earlier citation involved a different scaffold standard. The Commission remanded for reconsideration of…

June 30, 1980
Remanded
COMM

J. L. Foti Construction Co., Inc.

Scaffold violation reclassified as repeated

J. L. Foti employees worked from a scaffold more than 14 feet above ground and from a connected runway without complete guardrails. An earlier uncontested citation under the same standard involved another unguarded scaffold and had become a final Commission order. The judge treated the new…

April 28, 1980
Modified
COMM

Daniel International Corp.

Pre-Barlow's inspection evidence remained admissible

OSHA inspected Daniel International's Missouri power-plant construction project in 1977 without a warrant, before the Supreme Court's 1978 decision in Marshall v. Barlow's, Inc. Daniel sought to suppress the inspection evidence, arguing that its project manager had not voluntarily consented and had…

March 26, 1980
Mixed result
COMM

Gil Haugan d/b/a Haugan Construction Co.

Scaffold and improvised-lifting violations affirmed

At one construction site, subcontractor employees used a scaffold without guardrails or safe access and with planks extending too far or too little beyond their supports. The Commission held Haugan responsible as general contractor because the obvious violations were conditions it could reasonably…

December 20, 1979
Citations affirmed
COMM

Western Waterproofing Co., Inc.

Willful scaffold penalty set at $8,000 after court remand

Western Waterproofing employees worked on noncomplying suspension scaffolds 17 to 47 feet above the ground. An appeals court upheld willful violations involving missing safety-belt lifelines, failure to lash the scaffolds to the building, and missing toeboards, but rejected the Commission’s earlier…

November 29, 1978
Modified
COMM

Favrot-Bellows, A Joint Venture

Serious fall-protection violation affirmed

OSHA alleged that Favrot-Bellows willfully violated fall-protection requirements stated in the alternative under three construction standards and proposed a $10,000 penalty. The judge instead affirmed a serious violation of 29 C.F.R. § 1926.28(a) and assessed $500. On review, the employer expressly…

March 2, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Hullenkremer Construction Co., Inc.

Scaffold penalty reduced

A Hullenkremer employee washed a newly erected school wall while standing on a scaffold 16 feet above the ground with no guardrails or toeboards. The company president admitted that the condition violated 29 C.F.R. § 1926.451(a)(4), but explained that a mason had removed normally used guardrails…

February 28, 1978
Modified
COMM

Hoffman Construction Co.

Separate scaffold violations affirmed

Hoffman Construction Co. used two separate scaffolds that lacked the guardrails and toeboards required by 29 C.F.R. § 1926.451(a)(4). One employee welded from an unguarded plank 30 feet above ground, while another worked on a noncompliant scaffold 16 to 18 feet high. The Commission reversed the…

January 4, 1978
Modified
COMM

Smith Masonry Contractors, Inc.

Repeated scaffold guardrail violation affirmed

Smith Masonry Contractors, Inc. was cited after a hod carrier removed blocks from the unguarded 13-foot level of a partially dismantled scaffold. Although the compliance officer did not see the employee on the upper level, photographs taken ten minutes apart established exposure through…

January 3, 1978
Citations affirmed
COMM

Royster Company

Unguarded forklift platform violation affirmed as nonwillful

Royster employees worked from a makeshift platform of wooden pallets stacked on raised forklift forks, about 18 feet above the ground and without guardrails or toeboards. The judge found a scaffold-platform violation but rejected OSHA's willful classification and assessed an $800 penalty…

November 30, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Somogyi Construction Co., Inc.

Missing scaffold toeboards affirmed; guardrail impossibility does not excuse toeboards

Somogyi Construction's masons and laborers were building cinder-block walls when OSHA inspected and cited two scaffolds, one 13 feet high and one 24 feet high, for lacking guardrails and toeboards under 29 C.F.R. § 1926.451(a)(4). Administrative Law Judge Richard D. Benedetto vacated most of the…

October 28, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

PASCO Masonry Company, Inc.

Commission affirms a scaffold citation and rejects the employer's search-and-seizure and jury-trial arguments

PASCO Masonry was cited for not complying with the scaffolding standard at 29 C.F.R. § 1926.451(a)(4), and Administrative Law Judge John J. Morris affirmed the citation. On review, the company did not dispute the safety facts but raised constitutional objections: that the inspection violated the…

September 21, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

General Steel Fabricators, Inc.

Scaffold penalty reduced to $150

A General Steel foreman worked on a scaffold about 15 feet above the ground. The scaffold had only a single manila rope around its open sides, with no midrails or toeboards. The Commission held that the rope did not provide protection equivalent to the required guarding. It rejected impossibility…

August 29, 1977
Modified
COMM

Clarence Brown, d/b/a Brown's Contracting

First-aid item vacated, ladder and scaffold violations stand

Brown's Contracting was reroofing and residing a residential building when OSHA cited first-aid, ladder, and scaffold conditions. The Commission reviewed the first-aid item and held that OSHA did not prove supplies were unavailable because an employee said bandages were generally kept in the trucks…

May 10, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

W. G. Cornell Co. of Washington, Inc.

Scaffold guardrail and access violations affirmed under substituted standards

W. G. Cornell employees used a roughly 40-foot tubular scaffold erected by the general contractor. Three upper platforms lacked guardrails, and employees climbed the scaffold's cross-braces because no adequate access ladder was provided. The judge held that the concrete-construction standard…

April 27, 1977
Modified
COMM

Alder Electric Company, Inc.

Unguarded traffic-signal scaffold citation affirmed through supervisor knowledge

Alder Electric employees installed traffic signals from a scaffold platform erected in a dump-truck bed about 16 feet above pavement. The platform lacked guardrails and toeboards and was used in an intersection with passing traffic. The company argued that it had hired an experienced supervisor…

April 18, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Parnon Construction, Inc.

Central records allowed and extinguisher item vacated

Parnon Construction performed masonry work at several dispersed construction sites and kept its injury and illness log at its main office. The Commission held that this centralized system complied with the rule for physically dispersed operations because foremen reported daily, the office contact…

April 5, 1977
Mixed result
COMM

Ribblesdale, Inc.

Inadvertent default set aside

Ribblesdale was cited for pump-jack scaffold conditions involving missing guardrails, inadequate pole bracing, and inadequate foundations. Its lawyer failed to appear at the hearing after misunderstanding the company's instruction to stop work on a different OSHA matter. The judge entered default…

March 23, 1977
Remanded
COMM

Northwestern Insulation Co., Inc.

Scaffold violations and walkaround inspection affirmed

Northwestern Insulation employees worked from multilevel scaffolding while covering heat-exchanger towers on a roof about 30 feet above the ground. The judge affirmed violations involving missing guardrails and toeboards, excessive plank spans, and excessive plank overhang, with total penalties of…

March 15, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Alpha Masonry, Inc.

Scaffold guardrail and access violations affirmed

Alpha Masonry employees worked from a fourth-floor scaffold with unguarded ends. Employees also moved between the building and the scaffold by taking a two-foot horizontal and three-foot vertical step while exposed to falls of about 38 to 41 feet. The judge found serious guardrail and safe-access…

March 11, 1977
Citations affirmed
COMM

Consolidated Interior Systems, Inc.

Six site-safety items affirmed with reduced penalties

Consolidated Interior Systems was a drywall subcontractor at a New Jersey shopping-center project. Employees used ungrounded power tools and defective extension cords, worked around unguarded temporary bulbs and debris, and used a narrow mobile scaffold without guardrails or caster locks. The judge…

January 26, 1977
Modified
COMM

General Supply Company, Inc.

Mobile-scaffold guardrail citation vacated

General Supply used a manually propelled mobile scaffold while installing an acoustic ceiling in a fire-damaged store. A superintendent stood briefly on a board placed across the scaffold’s end guardrails, about nine feet above the floor, while holding a ceiling joist to check a laser level. OSHA…

January 25, 1977
Citations vacated
COMM

Wallace L. Boldt General Contractor, Inc.

Scaffold citation upheld with reduced penalty

An employee of Wallace L. Boldt worked on a narrow mobile-scaffold platform about 18 feet above a concrete floor without guardrails or toeboards. The judge found that the scaffold was under the general contractor's control and that its employee was exposed to a fall capable of causing serious…

September 30, 1976
Modified
COMM

Brand Insulations, Inc.

Four construction violations and increased penalties affirmed

Brand Insulations supplied and installed insulation at an Ohio power-plant construction project. The violations involved debris outside a fabrication shop, materials obstructing narrow passageways, employees using a high runway plank with only a rope rail on one side, and employees working from…

September 15, 1976
Citations affirmed
COMM

Metro-Mechanical, Inc.

Scaffold and housekeeping citations affirmed

An OSHA compliance officer saw a worker on a mobile scaffold that lacked guardrails and positive-locking casters. Metro-Mechanical did not deny the scaffold conditions, but disputed whether the worker was its employee. The Commission held that the officer could rely on the job foreman's…

July 7, 1975
Citations affirmed
COMM

Eichleay Corp.

Safety-belt violation affirmed and scaffold allegation vacated

Eichleay employees removed temporary boards from inside a vertical power-plant duct about 50 feet above its bottom. A boilermaker foreman and a union steward recognized that the task was hazardous but performed it without available safety belts or lifelines, and the foreman fell to his death. The…

February 20, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Hoffman Construction Co.

Fall-protection violation affirmed, scaffold item vacated

Hoffman Construction employees installing concrete forms at a nuclear power project worked about 40 to 50 feet above the ground while wearing safety belts but not tying off their lanyards. The Commission found that most of the workers were stationary, could feasibly tie off, and faced a serious…

January 31, 1975
Mixed result
COMM

Chicago Bridge and Iron Company

Fall-protection and scaffold items affirmed

Two employees worked 19 and 29 feet above ground on penetration tubes and unsecured planks without tying off, with exposed reinforcing steel below. The Commission affirmed the serious personal-protective-equipment violation and an increased $850 penalty because supervisors could have discovered the…

November 20, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Brown-Lane Company

Settlement vacates cylinder items and affirms scaffold penalties

Brown-Lane was constructing additional facilities for an affiliated open-pit clay mining operation in Louisiana. OSHA cited five conditions involving gas cylinders and scaffolding, with proposed penalties of $40 each for the two scaffold items. In a settlement, the Secretary agreed to vacate the…

October 3, 1974
Settled
COMM

Kermit L. Stepter d/b/a Stepter Brothers Lathing

Scaffold violations affirmed with $350 penalties

Stepter Brothers used a wooden scaffold at an Arizona apartment project where an employee worked 24 feet above the ground without required guardrails. The scaffold also had deficient footings, damaged members, unsecured planks, missing ledgers and bracing, and gaps between platform planks. The…

September 12, 1974
Citations affirmed
COMM

The Austin Co., Inc.

Scaffold and ladder violations affirmed

The Austin Company was constructing a hospital addition where two employees worked from a suspension scaffold without safety belts or lifelines. Two other employees worked on a 12-foot scaffold without guardrails. The judge treated those conditions as a serious violation and assessed $550. He…

July 1, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

Lipsky & Rosenthal, Inc.

Sixth-floor guardrail item reduced to non-serious

Lipsky & Rosenthal was a plumbing subcontractor on an apartment construction project. Three employees hauled plumbing materials while standing at the unguarded edge of a sixth floor. The Secretary charged that condition as non-serious, but the judge classified it as serious and assessed $250. The…

May 13, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

J.E. Roupp & Company, Inc. and Denver Dry Wall Company

Drywall fall violations upheld

J.E. Roupp was the general contractor for an apartment-building project, and Denver Dry Wall was a subcontractor. A Denver Dry Wall employee was killed after stored railings fell and pushed him from an unguarded fourth-floor balcony, and another employee used a stairway without handrails or…

April 15, 1974
Mixed result
COMM

McConnell and Johnson, Inc.

Scaffold penalty reduced to $300

McConnell and Johnson used a long tubular scaffold while employees sandblasted a building 20 to 35 feet above the ground. The scaffold lacked standard railings and toeboards, had missing or unsecured braces, rested in places on concrete blocks, and included gaps and unsecured planks. The company…

August 16, 1973
Modified
COMM

Automatic Elevator Corporation

Elevator-shaft scaffold violation classified as serious

An Automatic Elevator foreman worked in an elevator shaft on a platform made from two two-by-four boards about 20 feet above a concrete floor. The platform lacked required guardrails and overhead protection, and open shaft entrances lacked toeboards; the foreman also wore a bump cap instead of…

July 20, 1973
Modified

What these documents are

  • Commission decisions: Rulings by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission itself, the highest level of agency review. These are citable as Commission precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
  • ALJ decisions: Rulings by OSHRC Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j): it binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent in other cases.
  • Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
  • Where they come from: Every page links the official OSHRC public release, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.