Federal Agency Decisions
Federal workers' compensation appeals from the Department of Labor's Employees' Compensation Appeals Board (ECAB), federal-sector labor-relations cases from the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), Longshore Act and Black Lung Benefits Act appeals from the Department of Labor's Benefits Review Board (BRB), precedent decisions of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB), and whistleblower and other labor appeals from the Department of Labor's Administrative Review Board (ARB), each with a plain-English summary, the law it cites, and whether it counts as precedent. More agencies are coming.
No decisions match these filters
Try fewer or different words, check the spelling, or clear the filters to browse everything.
B.A. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Columbus, OH
Board orders fuller review of bilateral arm impairment (ECAB 17-1360)
B.A., a postal letter carrier, sought additional schedule awards for both arms after earlier 40 percent awards for each. OWCP relied on a medical examiner to deny an increase. The Board found that the examiner had not been asked to assess impairment from all accepted injuries and lacked a statement…
J.P., representative of the estate of G.R., and Department of Homeland Security, Customs & Border Protection, Chula Vista, CA
Board orders additional shoulder schedule award (ECAB 17-1275)
J.P. appealed on behalf of the estate of G.R., a border patrol agent injured in a fall at work. The Board agreed that the 2014 injury caused 12 percent permanent right arm impairment and 2 percent permanent right leg impairment. OWCP had deducted an earlier right thumb award from the new right…
J.K. and Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration
Board orders review of claim tied to required training video (ECAB 17-1215)
J.K. attributed an emotional condition to a video he was required to watch at work. OWCP treated his reaction as a response to an administrative or personnel matter. The Board said OWCP had failed to address his argument that watching the video was part of his work duties. That argument required…
M.R. and Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, Lyons, NJ
Board upholds denial of additional right knee conditions (ECAB 17-1154)
M.R., a secretary and office assistant, asked OWCP to add aggravation of preexisting right knee derangement and degenerative joint disease to her accepted injury claim. Her lawyer argued that the medical evidence supported expansion or showed a conflict requiring further review. The Board found…
D.M. and Department of the Air Force, Randolph Air Force Base, CA
Board orders merit review of firefighter’s cervical claim (ECAB 16-1754)
D.M., a supervisory firefighter, claimed that his duties aggravated cervical degenerative disc disease. OWCP refused to reopen his claim after he requested reconsideration. His lawyer raised a new argument about a conflict between the medical opinions of Dr. Tauber and Dr. Einbund. The Board held…
T.W. and Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
Board orders new evaluation of arm and leg impairment (ECAB 16-0176)
T.W., a health technician, sought a schedule award after an accepted injury while repositioning a patient. The claim included right elbow and lumbar conditions. The Board found that OWCP needed to use a consistent method to rate her right arm impairment. Its medical adviser also gave no adequate…
Secretary of Labor v. Carter Machinery Co., Inc.
Competing summary motions denied over oil-accumulation facts
MSHA cited Carter Machinery for an alleged motor-oil accumulation near the turbo and alternator of a maintenance truck under 30 C.F.R. § 77.1104. Carter argued that the Secretary lacked evidence about the material, amount, temperatures, and fire hazard, while the Secretary's conference litigation…
Secretary of Labor v. Blanchard Machinery Company
Gasoline-can citation amendment allowed
MSHA cited Blanchard Machinery after finding a partly filled five-gallon safety can with apparent gasoline in a service truck and no label identifying its contents. The Secretary asked to change the cited standard from the hazardous-chemical labeling rule in 30 C.F.R. § 47.41(a)(1) to the…
J.A. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Tryon, NC
Board upholds denial of late hearing request (ECAB 17-1744)
J.A., a rural mail carrier, sought a hearing after OWCP denied her right knee injury claim. Her February 2017 request came more than 30 days after the November 2016 denial, so she had no hearing right under the filing rule. The Board found that OWCP reasonably declined to grant a hearing as a…
R.U. and Department of the Army, Pueblo Chemical Depot, Pueblo, CO
Board upholds denial of back and shoulder claim (ECAB 17-1680)
R.U. claimed back and left shoulder conditions after an accepted January 2017 work incident at an Army depot. The Board found that his medical evidence did not adequately explain how the incident caused the diagnosed conditions. Reports from a physical therapist and physician assistant could not…
S.B. and Department of Homeland Security, Customs & Border Protection, McAllen, TX
Board upholds denial of hearing loss schedule award (ECAB 17-1527)
S.B., a border patrol agent, had accepted bilateral hearing loss from workplace noise exposure. He sought a schedule award for permanent impairment. An OWCP medical adviser applied the required rating method to an October 2016 audiogram and calculated zero percent loss for each ear. The Board found…
M.B. and U.S. Postal Service, Bayview Station, San Francisco, CA
Board upholds rejection of late reconsideration request (ECAB 17-1505)
M.B. asked OWCP to reconsider its denial of her emotional condition claim. OWCP received her request more than one year after its December 3, 2015 merit decision. The Board found that her allegations and additional records did not clearly show error in OWCP’s finding that she had not established a…
N.H. and U.S. Postal Service, Richland Station, Dallas, TX
Board orders further inquiry into postal worker’s harassment claim (ECAB 17-1203)
N.H., a postal worker, sought compensation for an emotional condition tied to discipline and alleged sexual harassment at work. The Board found no supported error or abuse in the disciplinary action. It accepted that text messages submitted with the harassment allegation came from the person…
Kerman Carroll v. Virginia International Terminals and Signal Mutual Indemnity Association
Kerman Carroll v. Virginia International Terminals (BRB 17-0368): limited disability award affirmed
Kerman Carroll challenged the end of disability benefits and the rejection of later knee treatment. The judge found that he was no longer disabled after November 4, 2015, and that the proposed injections and therapy were not shown necessary. The Board upheld the judge's weighing of the physicians'…
Gary W. Welch, Sr. v. Consolidation Coal Company
Black lung award on remand affirmed
Gary Welch won black lung benefits after remand. The employer argued that medical opinions rebutted the presumption of disability due to pneumoconiosis. The Board upheld the judge's rejection of opinions that failed to disprove legal pneumoconiosis or its role in Welch's disability. It affirmed the…
B.C. and Department of the Air Force, Air Education & Training Command, Lackland Air Force Base, TX
Board upholds denial of leg impairment award (ECAB 17-1617)
B.C., an Air Force information technology specialist, sought a leg impairment award after an accepted lumbar injury. His treating physician rated 14 percent impairment of the left leg based on asserted nerve root deficits. OWCP’s medical adviser found that the examination did not document a…
M.W. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Burlingame, CA
Board upholds denial of late oral hearing request (ECAB 17-1607)
M.W. requested an oral hearing about an August 26, 2016 OWCP decision. Her request was postmarked November 17, more than 30 days after the decision. The Board held that she had no hearing right after the deadline. It also found that OWCP reasonably declined a discretionary hearing because…
S.D. and U.S. Postal Service, Processing & Delivery Center, Dulles, VA
Board upholds refusal to reopen suitable work ruling (ECAB 17-1450)
S.D. asked OWCP to reconsider a decision terminating compensation after she refused a suitable job offer. OWCP received the request more than one year after its December 2015 merit decision. She supplied job documents and new medical reports, but the Board found that they did not clearly show error…
S.S. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Pittsburgh, PA
Board upholds bilateral arm impairment awards (ECAB 17-1361)
S.S., a postal worker, sought larger schedule awards for both arms. An impartial medical examiner rated five percent permanent impairment of the left arm and three percent of the right. The Board found that her examination and application of the impairment guides were detailed and reasoned. A later…
J.F. and Department of the Army, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, MD
Board upholds denial of one-day knee injury claim (ECAB 17-1075)
J.F. claimed that climbing stairs on February 9, 2015 injured his knees at an Army facility. The Board accepted that he went up and down 10 stairs six times that day. His doctors discussed excessive stair climbing, heavy lifting, or duties spanning several days, which did not match the accepted…
R.W. and Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Orono, ME
Board reverses termination of emotional condition benefits (ECAB 17-1040)
R.W. had accepted right foot conditions as well as anxiety and prolonged depression. OWCP terminated his wage-loss compensation and medical benefits. The Board accepted a medical opinion that the right heel spur and plantar fasciitis had resolved, supporting an end to treatment benefits for those…
Barnhardt Manufacturing Co.
In re Barnhardt Manufacturing Co. (EAB NPDES Appeal No. 17-07): permit appeal dismissed after settlement
Barnhardt Manufacturing Company sought review of conditions in an NPDES permit issued by EPA Region 1. The permit covered treated process water discharges from Barnhardt's facility in Colrain, Massachusetts, to the North River and Deerfield River Watershed. The parties jointly pursued settlement…
Ricky L. Lucas v. West Point Coal Mining, Incorporated and Rockwood Casualty Insurance Company
Ricky L. Lucas v. West Point Coal Mining, Incorporated (BRB 17-0089 BLA): black lung benefits denial affirmed
Ricky Lucas appealed a denial of black lung benefits. The judge found that the medical evidence did not prove a respiratory impairment preventing his usual coal mine work. The Board upheld the judge's credibility findings and the weighing of all disability evidence. Without total disability, Lucas…
L.C. and Department of the Army, Installation Management Command, Fort Stewart, GA
Board upholds rejection of late benefits reconsideration (ECAB 17-1701)
L.C. sought reconsideration of an earlier decision ending wage-loss and medical benefits for accepted conditions. His request was late, so he had to show clear evidence of error. Counsel challenged OWCP’s reliance on a doctor’s opinion but supplied no additional medical evidence with the request…
R.M. and Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sepulveda, CA
Board orders further review of shoulder injury claim (ECAB 17-1652)
R.M. claimed a right shoulder injury after a September 2015 fall at work. Her doctor explained how landing on an outstretched arm could cause impingement and aggravate arthritis. The Board found that his opinion did not fully establish causation but was detailed enough to require further…
O.G. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Bellerose, NY
Board upholds denial of disability recurrence claim (ECAB 17-1501)
O.G. claimed that disability from an accepted November 2016 work injury returned in March 2017. One doctor discussed an earlier period of disability but did not address the claimed period. Another described back diagnoses that OWCP had not accepted and did not explain how the accepted injuries…
D.B. and U.S. Postal Service, Processing & Distribution Center, Southeastern, PA
Board upholds termination of wage and medical benefits (ECAB 17-1335)
D.B. challenged the termination of wage-loss and medical benefits for accepted arm and wrist conditions. An impartial medical examiner found that the accepted conditions and related disability had resolved. The Board gave his reasoned examination special weight. It also rejected the argument that…
L.P. and Department of Homeland Security, Immigration, Customs & Enforcement, Farmers Branch, TX
Board orders inquiry into parking garage injury (ECAB 17-1031)
L.P. reported an injury in a parking garage used by employees of Immigration and Customs Enforcement. OWCP denied the claim after concluding that the garage was outside the employer’s premises. The Board found that OWCP had not obtained facts about whether the agency owned, managed, controlled, or…
C.W. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Dallas, TX
Board upholds refusal to authorize cervical surgery (ECAB 17-0918)
C.W. sought approval for cervical spine surgery after an accepted postal work injury. Several of his surgeons recommended the procedure, but an OWCP referral physician disagreed. An impartial specialist reviewed the medical record and found that the proposed surgery addressed preexisting…
Matter of Reynaldo CASTRO-TUM, Respondent
Attorney General referred administrative-closure questions for review
The Attorney General referred the Board’s decision in Reynaldo Castro-Tum’s case for review of whether Immigration Judges and the Board have authority to administratively close removal proceedings. The referral ordered the Board’s decision to be stayed while the Attorney General considered the…
E.G. and Department of Homeland Security, Customs & Border Protection, Edinburg, TX
Board orders review of increased hearing loss claim (ECAB 17-1710)
E.G. submitted a newer audiogram showing greater hearing loss after an earlier schedule award decision. OWCP treated his submission as a request to reconsider the prior ruling and declined merit review. The Board found that he sought an increased award based on new medical evidence, which is a…
B.R. and Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Decatur, GA
Board upholds refusal to reopen hand condition claim (ECAB 17-1661)
B.R. sought reconsideration of a denial involving a claimed work-related condition of both hands. OWCP had found no medical evidence establishing a diagnosed condition causally related to the accepted work factors. Her new statement described her understanding of the diagnosis but supplied no new…
D.S. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Federal Way, WA
Board upholds denial of carpal tunnel claim (ECAB 17-1657)
D.S. claimed that accepted postal work factors caused right carpal tunnel syndrome. His physician marked a form stating that work caused the condition but supplied no explanation. A nerve study identified findings without explaining their relationship to work, and a physician assistant’s report was…
T.D. and U.S. Postal Service, Processing & Distribution Center, Jacksonville, FL
Board upholds denial of spinal impairment award (ECAB 17-1495)
T.D. sought a schedule award after work-related spinal injuries. Her physician repeated an earlier whole-person spine impairment rating that the Board had already found unusable under FECA. He did not rate nerve-related impairment of a scheduled extremity under the applicable method. OWCP’s medical…
N.B. and Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Albuquerque, NM
Board upholds denial of delayed patient-lifting claim (ECAB 17-1476)
N.B. said she hurt her neck and back while lifting a patient at a Veterans Affairs facility. Her accounts to medical providers differed about the incident, and she filed the claim almost three years later without an adequate explanation for the delay. The Board found that the conflicting accounts…
D.P. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Southeastern, PA
Board rejects continuing disability claim after 2013 (ECAB 17-1097)
D.P. sought continuing benefits for previously accepted right arm nerve conditions after an earlier termination of benefits. An impartial medical specialist reviewed her history and concluded that the 2003 work injuries had resolved and current restrictions arose from other conditions. The Board…
CME Corporation
Pit fall and reporting items affirmed
A CME Corporation employee fell more than 10 feet through an unguarded opening into a construction pit and required multiple surgeries. CME argued that the opening was an access point that did not require a guardrail, but the judge found it was not being used for access when the employee worked…
Austal USA, LLC
Unsafe miller tool item affirmed
Austal USA used angle grinders fitted with toothed saw blades, known at its shipyard as miller tools, for cutting and finishing aluminum. The grinder manufacturer did not approve toothed blades for the tools, and the combination created a heightened kickback risk. The judge found that Austal knew…
J.M. and Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Wilmington, DE
Board upholds denial of shoulder condition claim (ECAB 17-1760)
J.M. claimed a left shoulder condition after an accepted March 2016 work incident. Her physician diagnosed rotator cuff syndrome and said work caused it, but did not explain the medical mechanism, particularly in light of a preexisting shoulder condition. A physician assistant’s report could not…
E.L. and Department of Justice, Bureau of Prisons, Lompoc, CA
Board upholds denial of back and leg injury claim (ECAB 17-1632)
E.L. sought compensation for back and leg conditions after an accepted April 2017 work incident at a federal prison. The physician reports did not explain how the incident caused the diagnosed conditions. Physical therapy notes and a diagnostic report also did not supply a qualified, reasoned…
D.S. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Milwaukee, WI
Board orders new right arm impairment rating (ECAB 17-1631)
D.S. sought a larger right arm schedule award after receiving an earlier 10 percent award. The Board found that OWCP physicians had applied the diagnosis-based and range-of-motion rating methods inconsistently across upper extremity cases. It set aside the March 9, 2017 award decision and directed…
S.N. and Department of Homeland Security, Transportation Security Administration, Wilmington International Airport, Wilmington, NC
Board reverses receptionist wage-capacity reduction (ECAB 17-1589)
OWCP reduced S.N.’s compensation after vocational rehabilitation identified a receptionist job she could perform. Its second opinion physician said she could do sedentary work, while her treating physician said pain and medication prevented gainful employment. Another specialist supported the…
K.W. and U.S. Postal Service, Processing & Distribution Center, Boston, MA
Board upholds denial of left hip injury claim (ECAB 17-1109)
K.W. claimed a traumatic left hip injury from an accepted April 2016 event at a postal facility. Her medical submissions did not explain how that event caused the diagnosed condition. Her lawyer argued that OWCP had made legal errors in evaluating the evidence. The Board found those cited errors…
K.C. and Securities & Exchange Commission, Office of Human Resources, New York, NY
Board orders further opinion on intermittent disability claim (ECAB 17-0851)
K.C. sought wage-loss benefits for intermittent periods tied to accepted thoracic and lumbar conditions. OWCP relied on an impartial examiner to deny the claim. The Board found that the examiner used an inaccurate history and did not adequately address all accepted conditions and work factors. It…
A.P. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Boston, MA
Board orders clearer medical opinion on right hip claim (ECAB 17-0813)
A.P., a letter carrier, sought recognition that work permanently aggravated his right hip osteoarthritis. OWCP had accepted a permanent aggravation of the left hip and a temporary aggravation of the right hip. Its second opinion physician did not explain why the right hip aggravation was only…
North Pac Corporation
Default affirms five safety items
OSHA cited North Pac Corporation for electrical and scaffold violations at a Northern Marianas College construction project. During the Commission case, North Pac repeatedly failed to answer discovery, participate in required conferences, and comply with multiple written orders and extended…
United States Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, San Francisco, California (Agency) and Rosemary Greenlaw, An Individual (Petitioner) and American Federation of Government Employees, AFL-CIO (Labor Organization)
OSHA San Francisco and Rosemary Greenlaw (FLRA SF-RP-17-0015): Review denied for vacant former position
A former administrative assistant at OSHA's San Francisco office asked the FLRA to decide whether her position had belonged in the bargaining unit before the agency terminated her employment. The regional director dismissed the petition because the position was vacant and no pending grievance or…
O.R. and Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Staten Island, NY
Board accepts pack test event but upholds injury denial (ECAB 17-1735)
O.R. reported a left leg injury during a required National Park Service work capacity test. The Board found that his manager’s statement confirmed participation in the arduous pack test, establishing the claimed work event. Emergency physicians diagnosed leg conditions but did not explain how the…
A.M. and U.S. Postal Service, Westchester Processing & Distribution Center, White Plains, NY
Board upholds denial of late reconsideration request (ECAB 17-1434)
A.M. sought reconsideration of a denied back injury claim after the one-year filing period. She resubmitted medical material and a physician assistant’s note. The Board found that duplicated records and the assistant’s note did not clearly show error in the earlier denial. It affirmed OWCP’s…
D.G. and Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs & Border Protection, Brownsville, TX
Board orders proper review of late reconsideration request (ECAB 17-1323)
D.G. asked OWCP to reconsider an earlier claim decision more than one year after the last merits ruling. OWCP denied her request using the test for a timely reconsideration request. The Board found that the late request instead required review for clear evidence of error. It set aside the decision…
S.P. and U.S. Postal Service, Post Office, Dallas, TX
Board upholds leg rating and remands arm award (ECAB 17-1308)
S.P. sought awards beyond the prior two percent right leg rating and five percent left arm rating. The Board found no basis to increase the right leg rating. It found that OWCP needed a consistent method for rating upper extremity impairment before deciding whether the left arm exceeded five…
W.M. and Department of the Navy, Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Philadelphia, PA
Board upholds denial of laryngeal cancer claim (ECAB 17-1253)
W.M. had accepted asbestos-related disease from Navy shipyard work and later developed laryngeal cancer. His doctors discussed asbestos exposure during federal work, military service, and home renovation, as well as smoking. The Board found that they did not explain how his employment-related…
P.B. and U.S. Postal Service, Crossroads Station, St. Petersburg, FL
Board upholds arm award and $11,142.23 overpayment (ECAB 17-1046)
P.B. challenged both his left arm schedule award and a compensation overpayment. The Board found no basis for a rating above the six percent award he had already received. OWCP had previously told him how a third-party recovery surplus would affect later compensation, and the Board treated the…
S.R. and Department of the Navy, Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, VA
Board raises binaural hearing rating to 52 percent (ECAB 17-1007)
S.R. sought a larger hearing loss schedule award for accepted occupational hearing loss and tinnitus. The Board found that the accepted tinnitus warranted an additional five percent impairment for each ear. Applying the hearing loss formula to the adjusted ear ratings produced 51.875 percent…
Matter of Ramon JASSO ARANGURE
A later burglary charge was not barred by res judicata
The Board reviewed a Mexican lawful permanent resident’s appeal from a removal order based on a Michigan home-invasion conviction. The Department of Homeland Security had first charged the conviction as an aggravated-felony crime of violence, but that proceeding ended after the Sixth Circuit held…
Secretary of Labor v. Blue Diamond Coal Company
Cable-splice settlement denied for weak support and bad math
The parties proposed resolving six citations for an asserted total of $2,699, including reductions to two damaged-cable-splice citations under 30 C.F.R. § 75.604(b). Judge William B. Moran found that the listed settlement amounts actually totaled $2,749 and that another table also contained a major…
L.D. and U.S. Postal Service, Processing & Distribution Center, Jackson, MS
Board upholds elbow claim denial and refusal to reopen (ECAB 17-1808)
L.D. claimed right elbow lateral epicondylitis from repetitive postal work. The Board found that his physician had not adequately explained how the work factors caused the condition. A later report repeated the same diagnosis and opinion, while a nurse practitioner’s report did not qualify as…
L.L. and Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, Mendota, CA
Board upholds refusal to reopen injury claim (ECAB 17-1764)
L.L. sought reconsideration of a denied claim involving a September 2015 work incident. She resubmitted medical records already considered by OWCP and added a note about stable lupus. The Board found that the repeated records added nothing and the lupus note did not address whether the work event…
J.B. and Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI
Board upholds denial of written-record review (ECAB 17-1702)
J.B. requested review of the written record by an OWCP hearing representative after he had already requested reconsideration. The Board held that the earlier reconsideration request removed his entitlement to a hearing as a matter of right. It also found that OWCP reasonably declined discretionary…
J.B. and Department of Veterans Affairs, Records Control Division, St. Louis, MO
Board upholds 12 percent right leg impairment award (ECAB 17-1672)
J.B. sought a larger right leg schedule award after a 12 percent award. The Board found that OWCP’s second-opinion physician applied the impairment guides properly; it gave the claimant’s physician’s rating little weight. It rejected his unsupported allegation that the medical adviser was biased…
What these documents are
- The agencies: Federal workers' compensation appeals from the Department of Labor's Employees' Compensation Appeals Board (ECAB), federal-sector labor-relations cases from the Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA), mine-safety cases from the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission (FMSHRC), workplace-safety cases from the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission (OSHRC), Longshore Act and Black Lung Benefits Act appeals from the Department of Labor's Benefits Review Board (BRB), precedent decisions of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA), environmental permit and penalty appeals from the EPA's Environmental Appeals Board (EAB), and whistleblower and other labor appeals from the Department of Labor's Administrative Review Board (ARB). Each decision page names its agency.
- Commission, Board and Authority decisions: Rulings by the agency's highest review level (the Commission at OSHRC and FMSHRC, the Authority at FLRA, the Board of Immigration Appeals, the Administrative Review Board at Labor, and the Environmental Appeals Board at EPA). These are citable as precedent, though a decision may have been appealed to a U.S. Court of Appeals after issuance.
- ALJ decisions: Rulings by the agency's Administrative Law Judges after a hearing. When no Commissioner directs review, an ALJ decision becomes a final order that binds the parties in that case but is not binding precedent: under 29 U.S.C. § 661(j) at OSHRC, and after the 40-day window of 30 U.S.C. § 823(d)(1) at FMSHRC.
- Why finality matters: Every page here says which kind of decision you are reading, so you know whether it is precedent you can cite or a final order that only shows how one judge ruled on one set of facts.
- Where they come from: Every page links the official public release from the deciding agency, and the full text on the page is that release. The plain-English summaries are written by Ezel.