[STATE] [COURT NAME]

[COUNTY] COUNTY

[PLAINTIFF NAME],
Plaintiff,

v.

[YOUR NAME],
Defendant.

Case No.: [CASE NUMBER]
Judge: [JUDGE NAME]
Default Judgment Entered: [DATE]
Default Judgment Amount: $[AMOUNT]

DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO VACATE DEFAULT JUDGMENT

COMES NOW, Defendant [YOUR NAME], appearing pro se [OR: by and through undersigned counsel], and respectfully moves this Court pursuant to [STATE RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE - e.g., Rule 60(b), Rule 55(c), or equivalent] to vacate the default judgment entered against Defendant on [DATE], and in support thereof states as follows:

INTRODUCTION

1. A default judgment was entered against Defendant in this matter on [DATE] in the amount of $[AMOUNT].

2. Defendant respectfully requests that this Court vacate the default judgment and allow Defendant to file an Answer and defend this case on the merits.

3. As demonstrated below, Defendant has good cause for the default, meritorious defenses to the underlying claim, and Plaintiff will not be unduly prejudiced by vacating the judgment.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

4. On or about [DATE], Plaintiff filed a Complaint against Defendant alleging [BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF CLAIMS].

5. According to Plaintiff's proof of service, Defendant was allegedly served on [DATE] by [METHOD OF SERVICE - e.g., personal service, substituted service, service by publication].

6. Defendant failed to file a timely Answer or other responsive pleading.

7. On [DATE], Plaintiff obtained entry of default.

8. On [DATE], a default judgment was entered against Defendant in the amount of $[AMOUNT].

9. Defendant first became aware of this judgment on [DATE] when [EXPLAIN HOW YOU LEARNED OF THE JUDGMENT - e.g., received wage garnishment notice, bank levy, credit report check, etc.].

10. This motion is filed within [TIME PERIOD] of Defendant's discovery of the judgment [AND/OR within [TIME PERIOD] of entry of judgment].

LEGAL STANDARD

11. Pursuant to [STATE RULE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE], this Court may relieve a party from a final judgment for the following reasons:

[// GUIDANCE: Insert the applicable state rule. Common grounds include:]

☐ (a) Mistake, Inadvertence, Surprise, or Excusable Neglect: The party seeking relief must demonstrate that the failure to respond was due to mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect.

☐ (b) Newly Discovered Evidence: New evidence has been discovered that could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial.

☐ (c) Fraud, Misrepresentation, or Misconduct: The judgment was obtained through fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct by the adverse party.

☐ (d) Void Judgment: The judgment is void due to lack of jurisdiction or improper service.

☐ (e) Satisfaction or Release: The judgment has been satisfied, released, or discharged.

☐ (f) Any Other Reason Justifying Relief: Any other reason that justifies relief.

12. Courts generally consider three factors when ruling on a motion to vacate default judgment:

(a) Whether the default was willful or the result of excusable neglect;
(b) Whether the defendant has a meritorious defense to the action; and
(c) Whether vacating the default would unduly prejudice the plaintiff.

13. The law strongly favors resolution of disputes on the merits. Default judgments are disfavored, and doubts should be resolved in favor of setting aside the default.

GROUNDS FOR RELIEF

A. THE DEFAULT WAS NOT WILLFUL / EXCUSABLE NEGLECT

[// GUIDANCE: Select and complete the applicable ground(s)]

14. ☐ Improper or Defective Service:

Defendant was never properly served with the Summons and Complaint in this action. Specifically:

☐ Defendant was never personally served
☐ Service was left at an address where Defendant did not reside at the time
☐ The person who allegedly accepted service was not authorized to accept service
☐ Service by publication was improper because [EXPLAIN]
☐ The proof of service is false or inaccurate
☐ Other service defect: [EXPLAIN]

The alleged service was defective because: [EXPLAIN IN DETAIL]

Without proper service, this Court lacks personal jurisdiction over Defendant, and the judgment is void.

15. ☐ Never Received Actual Notice:

Even if service was technically proper, Defendant never received actual notice of the lawsuit because:

☐ Defendant had moved from the service address before service
☐ The mail was not forwarded or was lost
☐ Defendant was hospitalized or incapacitated
☐ Defendant was out of the country
☐ Other reason: [EXPLAIN]

16. ☐ Mistake or Misunderstanding:

Defendant's failure to respond was due to mistake or misunderstanding:

☐ Defendant believed the matter was resolved
☐ Defendant believed an attorney was handling the matter
☐ Defendant misunderstood the legal requirements
☐ Defendant mistakenly believed the deadline was different
☐ Other: [EXPLAIN]

17. ☐ Excusable Neglect Due to Circumstances:

Defendant's failure to respond was due to excusable circumstances beyond Defendant's control:

☐ Serious illness or medical emergency: [EXPLAIN]
☐ Family emergency: [EXPLAIN]
☐ Mental health crisis: [EXPLAIN]
☐ Incarceration: [EXPLAIN]
☐ Military deployment: [EXPLAIN]
☐ Other circumstances: [EXPLAIN]

18. ☐ Fraud or Misconduct by Plaintiff:

The default judgment was obtained through fraud or misconduct:

☐ Plaintiff or its agent knowingly served the wrong address
☐ Plaintiff filed a false proof of service
☐ Plaintiff made material misrepresentations to the court
☐ Other: [EXPLAIN]

B. DEFENDANT HAS MERITORIOUS DEFENSES

19. Defendant has meritorious defenses to this action that, if proven, would defeat Plaintiff's claims:

[// GUIDANCE: List all defenses you intend to raise]

☐ Statute of Limitations: The alleged debt is barred by the [NUMBER]-year statute of limitations under [STATE STATUTE]. The last activity on the account was [DATE], more than [NUMBER] years before this action was filed.

☐ Lack of Standing: Plaintiff lacks standing to pursue this claim. Plaintiff has not established that it is the proper party to bring this action or that it owns the alleged debt.

☐ Wrong Defendant: Defendant is not the person who incurred this debt. There has been a case of mistaken identity.

☐ Identity Theft: The alleged account was opened fraudulently through identity theft. Defendant did not open or authorize this account.

☐ Debt Already Paid: The alleged debt has already been paid in full on or about [DATE].

☐ Debt Previously Settled: The alleged debt was previously settled for $[AMOUNT] on [DATE].

☐ Discharged in Bankruptcy: The alleged debt was discharged in Defendant's bankruptcy. Case No. [CASE NUMBER], [COURT], discharged on [DATE].

☐ No Contract/Agreement: Defendant never entered into the alleged contract or agreement with Plaintiff or its predecessor.

☐ Amount Disputed: The amount claimed by Plaintiff is incorrect. The balance includes improper charges, fees, or interest.

☐ Other Defense: [DESCRIBE]

20. These defenses are not frivolous and, if proven, would result in a different outcome.

C. PLAINTIFF WILL NOT BE UNDULY PREJUDICED

21. Vacating the default judgment will not unduly prejudice Plaintiff because:

☐ Plaintiff can still pursue its claims on the merits
☐ No evidence has been lost or destroyed
☐ Witnesses are still available
☐ The delay has been relatively short ([NUMBER] days/months)
☐ Any delay was caused by Plaintiff's improper service, not Defendant's conduct
☐ Plaintiff has not changed its position in reliance on the default judgment

22. Any minor delay or inconvenience to Plaintiff is outweighed by the strong policy favoring resolution on the merits and the significant prejudice to Defendant of an unchallenged judgment.

PROPOSED ANSWER

23. If this motion is granted, Defendant is prepared to immediately file an Answer to the Complaint. A proposed Answer is attached hereto as Exhibit A.

REQUEST FOR STAY OF EXECUTION

24. Defendant respectfully requests that this Court stay any execution, garnishment, or other enforcement of the default judgment pending resolution of this motion.

25. Defendant is currently suffering [OR: will suffer] immediate and irreparable harm from enforcement of the judgment, including:

☐ Wage garnishment that is threatening Defendant's ability to pay essential living expenses
☐ Bank levy that has frozen Defendant's funds
☐ Property lien affecting Defendant's home
☐ Other harm: [DESCRIBE]

DECLARATION IN SUPPORT

26. The facts set forth in this motion are supported by the Declaration of [YOUR NAME], attached hereto as Exhibit B.

CONCLUSION AND RELIEF REQUESTED

WHEREFORE, Defendant respectfully requests that this Court:

A. Vacate the default judgment entered on [DATE];

B. Allow Defendant to file an Answer to the Complaint;

C. Stay enforcement of the default judgment pending resolution of this motion;

D. Set this matter for a hearing;

E. Award Defendant such other relief as the Court deems just and proper.

Dated: [DATE]

Respectfully submitted,

_______________________________________
[YOUR SIGNATURE]

[YOUR NAME], Pro Se
[OR: [ATTORNEY NAME], Bar No. [NUMBER]]
[ADDRESS]
[CITY, STATE ZIP]
[PHONE]
[EMAIL]

EXHIBIT A: PROPOSED ANSWER

[Attach your proposed Answer to the Complaint]

EXHIBIT B: DECLARATION IN SUPPORT OF MOTION

DECLARATION OF [YOUR NAME]

I, [YOUR NAME], declare under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of [STATE] as follows:

1. I am the Defendant in the above-captioned matter. I have personal knowledge of the facts stated herein and, if called as a witness, could and would testify competently thereto.

2. Regarding Service:
   [EXPLAIN YOUR SITUATION REGARDING SERVICE]
   ☐ I was never personally served with the Summons and Complaint in this action.
   ☐ At the time of the alleged service, I was living at [ACTUAL ADDRESS], not at [ADDRESS SERVED].
   ☐ I did not receive actual notice of this lawsuit until [DATE].
   ☐ Other: [EXPLAIN]

3. Regarding My Failure to Respond:
   [EXPLAIN WHY YOU DIDN'T RESPOND]
   ☐ I never received the lawsuit papers.
   ☐ I was [ILL/HOSPITALIZED/INCAPACITATED/OUT OF COUNTRY] during the response period.
   ☐ I believed the matter was being handled by [EXPLAIN].
   ☐ Other: [EXPLAIN]

4. Regarding Discovery of the Judgment:
   I first learned of this default judgment on [DATE] when [EXPLAIN HOW YOU LEARNED].

5. Regarding My Defenses:
   I have meritorious defenses to this action:
   [EXPLAIN YOUR DEFENSES IN YOUR OWN WORDS]

6. Regarding Diligence:
   Upon learning of the judgment, I promptly [DESCRIBE STEPS TAKEN], and I am filing this motion within [TIME PERIOD] of discovering the judgment.

7. I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.

Executed on [DATE] at [CITY], [STATE].

_______________________________________
[YOUR SIGNATURE]

[YOUR PRINTED NAME]

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

I hereby certify that on [DATE], I served a true and correct copy of this Motion to Vacate Default Judgment, with all exhibits, upon Plaintiff's counsel by:

☐ First-class U.S. Mail, postage prepaid
☐ Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested
☐ Hand Delivery
☐ Email to: [EMAIL ADDRESS]
☐ Electronic Filing System

Addressed to:
[PLAINTIFF'S ATTORNEY NAME]
[LAW FIRM]
[ADDRESS]
[CITY, STATE ZIP]

_______________________________________
[YOUR SIGNATURE]

NOTICE OF HEARING

[// GUIDANCE: Some courts require you to schedule a hearing and provide notice. Check local rules.]

PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that the above Motion to Vacate Default Judgment will be heard on:

Date: [HEARING DATE]
Time: [HEARING TIME]
Location: [COURT ADDRESS]
Courtroom/Department: [COURTROOM]
Judge: [JUDGE NAME]

[// GUIDANCE:

IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS:

TIMING IS CRITICAL

• File this motion as soon as possible after learning of the default judgment
• Time limits vary by state (30 days, 1 year, or "reasonable time")
• Void judgments (e.g., improper service) may be challenged at any time in some states

REQUIRED EXHIBITS

• Attach a proposed Answer (Exhibit A)
• Attach your Declaration under penalty of perjury (Exhibit B)
• Attach any supporting documents (proof you lived elsewhere, medical records, etc.)

SERVICE

• Serve a copy on Plaintiff's attorney
• File proof of service with the Court

HEARING

• Some courts decide this on the papers; others require a hearing
• If a hearing is set, ATTEND IT
• Bring copies of all your documents

IF DENIED

• You may have the right to appeal
• Consult with an attorney about your options

CONSIDER AN ATTORNEY

• Motions to vacate can be complex
• An attorney can significantly improve your chances of success
• Many offer free consultations]