Foreign LLC Certificate of Authority / Application to Register Foreign LLC — California
FOREIGN LLC CERTIFICATE OF AUTHORITY — APPLICATION TO REGISTER FOREIGN LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY — CALIFORNIA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Overview and When Registration Is Required
- Pre-Filing Compliance Checklist
- Application Form LLC-5 — Template
- Filing Fee Schedule
- Name Distinguishability and Alternate Name Procedure
- Post-Qualification Ongoing Compliance
- Franchise Tax and FTB Obligations
- Registered Agent Maintenance
- Withdrawal / Cancellation Procedure (Form LLC-4/7)
- California Practice Notes
- Sources and References
1. OVERVIEW AND WHEN REGISTRATION IS REQUIRED
Pursuant to Cal. Corp. Code § 17708.02, a limited liability company organized under the laws of any state, the District of Columbia, or any foreign country (a "foreign LLC") may not transact intrastate business in California without first registering with the California Secretary of State.
Activities that GENERALLY require qualification (per § 17708.03 and case law):
| Activity | Requires Qualification |
|---|---|
| Maintaining a California office, warehouse, or place of business | Yes |
| Employing California-resident employees performing work in California | Yes |
| Owning or leasing California real property used in the LLC's business | Yes |
| Soliciting and accepting orders fulfilled from a California location | Yes |
| Providing repeated in-person services to California clients | Yes |
Activities that DO NOT require qualification (Cal. Corp. Code § 17708.05):
| Activity | Requires Qualification |
|---|---|
| Maintaining, defending, or settling a legal proceeding | No |
| Holding member or manager meetings in California | No |
| Maintaining bank accounts | No |
| Selling through independent contractors | No |
| Soliciting orders accepted outside California | No |
| Conducting an isolated transaction completed within 180 days | No |
Penalties for failure to register (Cal. Corp. Code § 17708.07):
| Penalty | Amount / Effect |
|---|---|
| Civil penalty | $20 per day during which the LLC transacted business while unregistered, capped at $10,000 per year |
| Inability to maintain civil action in California courts | LLC may not commence or maintain an action or proceeding in California until registered and back-fees are paid |
| Tax assessment | Franchise Tax Board may assess back franchise taxes, penalties, and interest from the date the LLC first transacted business in California |
2. PRE-FILING COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST
Complete each item before submitting Form LLC-5.
☐ Home-state status verified. Confirm LLC is in active and good standing in the state, country, or other jurisdiction of formation.
☐ Certificate of Good Standing obtained. Issued by the home-state filing officer, dated within six (6) months of the planned California submission date. Older certificates are rejected.
☐ Name availability searched. Run preliminary name search at California Secretary of State bizfile portal (https://bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov/) to confirm the LLC's exact home-state name is distinguishable on California records under Cal. Corp. Code § 17701.08.
☐ Alternate Name selected (if needed). If home-state name is not distinguishable, or includes restricted/prohibited words, select an alternate name for California use only. Alternate name must include "Limited Liability Company," "LLC," or "L.L.C."
☐ California registered agent for service of process appointed. Either (a) an individual residing in California with a California street address, or (b) a registered corporate agent on the Secretary of State's § 1505 list.
☐ Principal office addresses identified. Principal office address (worldwide), California office address (if any), and mailing address.
☐ Statement of Information (Form LLC-12) prepared in draft. Must be filed within ninety (90) days of registration.
☐ Franchise Tax Board exposure modeled. Confirm budget for $800 annual minimum franchise tax (Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 17941) plus gross-receipts fee (§ 17942) tiers if California-source gross receipts will exceed $250,000.
☐ EIN obtained from IRS. Federal EIN required for FTB Form 568 (LLC Return of Income).
☐ Local business licenses identified. Identify city/county business licenses, seller's permit (CDTFA), and any occupational licenses applicable to LLC's California activities.
☐ Operating Agreement reviewed. Confirm authorization to qualify in California and to bind the LLC to California registered-agent obligations.
☐ Filing fee and payment method prepared. $70 filing fee plus optional $15 counter-drop-off and $5 certified copy fees, payable to "Secretary of State."
☐ Authorized signatory identified. A person with authority under the LLC's operating agreement or home-state law to execute and submit Form LLC-5.
☐ California attorney review completed. Legal review of nexus determination, public-policy industry restrictions, and tax exposure.
3. APPLICATION FORM LLC-5 — TEMPLATE
State of California — Secretary of State
Application to Register a Foreign Limited Liability Company (Form LLC-5)
Filing Fee: $70.00 — Submit one original signed copy.
Item 1. LLC NAME
1a. Name of LLC as shown on Certificate of Good Standing from the foreign jurisdiction:
[____________________________________________________________]
1b. (Complete only if the name in 1a does not comply with Cal. Corp. Code § 17701.08, or if the LLC elects to use an alternate name in California.) Alternate name to be used in California:
[____________________________________________________________]
Item 2. JURISDICTION OF FORMATION
State, foreign country, or other place under whose laws the LLC was formed:
[____________________________________________________________]
Date of formation in that jurisdiction: [__/__/____]
Item 3. ADDRESSES
3a. Street address of principal office (no P.O. boxes):
[____________________________________________________________]
[CITY] [____] [STATE] [____] [ZIP] [____________]
3b. Mailing address (if different):
[____________________________________________________________]
3c. Street address of principal office in California (if any):
[____________________________________________________________]
[CITY] [____] CA [ZIP] [____________]
Item 4. AGENT FOR SERVICE OF PROCESS IN CALIFORNIA
Complete EITHER Item 4a (individual agent) OR Item 4b (registered corporate agent), not both.
4a. Individual California resident agent:
| Field | Entry |
|---|---|
| Full name | [________________________________] |
| California street address (no P.O. box) | [________________________________] |
| City | [________________________________] |
| State | CA |
| ZIP code | [____________] |
4b. Registered corporate agent on California Sec'y of State § 1505 list:
[____________________________________________________________]
Item 5. PURPOSE STATEMENT
The purpose of the LLC is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which a limited liability company may be organized under the California Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act, other than the banking business, the trust company business, or the practice of a profession permitted to be incorporated by the California Corporations Code.
Item 6. EXECUTION
The undersigned is authorized to execute this Application on behalf of the LLC, and certifies under penalty of perjury under the laws of the State of California that the foregoing is true and correct.
Signature: [____________________________________________________________]
Type or print name: [____________________________________________________________]
Title / capacity (e.g., Manager, Member, Authorized Person): [____________________________________________________________]
Date: [__/__/____]
Item 7. RETURN ADDRESS
Return filed document to:
| Field | Entry |
|---|---|
| Name | [________________________________] |
| Firm / Company | [________________________________] |
| Address | [________________________________] |
| City, State, ZIP | [________________________________] |
| Email (for notifications) | [________________________________] |
Required Attachments:
☐ Certificate of Good Standing from home jurisdiction (dated within 6 months)
☐ $70 filing fee (check payable to "Secretary of State")
☐ Self-addressed return envelope if filing by mail
4. FILING FEE SCHEDULE
| Filing / Service | Fee | Authority |
|---|---|---|
| Form LLC-5 Application to Register Foreign LLC | $70.00 | Cal. Gov't Code § 12190; SOS fee schedule |
| Counter drop-off (in-person Sacramento office) | $15.00 (non-refundable) | SOS fee schedule |
| Guaranteed 24-hour expedite | $350.00 (non-refundable, in addition to filing fee) | SOS Preclearance & Expedited Filing Services |
| Guaranteed same-day expedite | $750.00 (non-refundable) | SOS Preclearance & Expedited Filing Services |
| Certified copy of filed LLC-5 | $5.00 per document + $1.00 first page + $0.50 each additional page | SOS fee schedule |
| Name reservation (Form LLC-1A) — optional | $10.00 | Cal. Corp. Code § 17701.09 |
| Initial Statement of Information (Form LLC-12) | $20.00 | Cal. Corp. Code § 17713.09 |
| Biennial Statement of Information | $20.00 | Cal. Corp. Code § 17713.09 |
| Annual minimum franchise tax | $800.00 | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 17941 |
| Annual LLC fee (if CA gross receipts ≥ $250,000) | $900–$11,790 (tiered) | Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 17942 |
Payment: Check or money order payable to "Secretary of State." Credit cards (Visa/Mastercard) accepted only for in-person filings in Sacramento.
Mailing address: Secretary of State, Business Entities Filings, P.O. Box 944228, Sacramento, CA 94244-2280.
Online filing: Available through https://bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov/ (electronic signature; same $70 fee; Certificate of Good Standing must be uploaded as PDF).
5. NAME DISTINGUISHABILITY AND ALTERNATE NAME PROCEDURE
5.1 California Name Requirements (Cal. Corp. Code § 17701.08)
The name of a foreign LLC qualifying in California must:
☐ Contain "Limited Liability Company," "LLC," or "L.L.C." (and may use "Ltd." for "Limited" and "Co." for "Company");
☐ Be distinguishable on the records of the Secretary of State from every other LLC, corporation, LP, and entity name on file or reserved;
☐ Not contain words suggesting the LLC is engaged in a business it is not authorized to conduct (e.g., "Bank," "Trust," "Insurance," without regulatory approval);
☐ Not contain words restricted under other statutes without first obtaining the requisite consent.
5.2 Distinguishability Standard
The Secretary of State applies a strict test under § 17701.08. Differences that are NOT distinguishing include:
| Non-Distinguishing Difference | Example |
|---|---|
| Punctuation, spaces, or symbols | "ABC LLC" vs. "A.B.C., LLC" |
| Use of definite or indefinite articles | "The Acme LLC" vs. "Acme LLC" |
| Inflectional endings or pluralization | "Acme LLC" vs. "Acmes LLC" |
| Word order changes that do not change meaning | "Acme Logistics LLC" vs. "Logistics Acme LLC" — usually fails |
| Substitution of identical-sound homophones | "Site LLC" vs. "Sight LLC" — usually fails |
5.3 Adopting an Alternate Name for California Use
If the home-state name is not distinguishable or fails § 17701.08, the LLC must adopt an alternate name on Form LLC-5, Item 1b. The alternate name:
☐ Must comply with § 17701.08;
☐ Will appear on all California public records and must be used on all California contracts, signage, and tax filings;
☐ Does NOT change the LLC's legal name in its home jurisdiction;
☐ May be amended later by filing Form LLC-6 (Amendment to Application).
5.4 Name Reservation (Optional)
Reserve the proposed California name or alternate name for 60 days using Form LLC-1A, fee $10. Reservation is not required to submit Form LLC-5 but is advisable when filing is delayed or competing names exist.
6. POST-QUALIFICATION ONGOING COMPLIANCE
6.1 Initial Statement of Information (Form LLC-12)
Pursuant to Cal. Corp. Code § 17713.09, within ninety (90) days of the filing date of Form LLC-5, the LLC must file an initial Statement of Information (Form LLC-12) disclosing:
| Required Item | Source |
|---|---|
| LLC name and Secretary of State entity number | § 17713.09(a)(1) |
| Street address of principal executive office | § 17713.09(a)(2) |
| Street address of California office (if any) | § 17713.09(a)(3) |
| Mailing address | § 17713.09(a)(4) |
| Name and address of each manager (if manager-managed) or each member (if member-managed) | § 17713.09(a)(5) |
| Name and address of Chief Executive Officer (if any) | § 17713.09(a)(6) |
| Name and California address of agent for service of process | § 17713.09(a)(7) |
| General description of business activities | § 17713.09(a)(8) |
| Email address (optional, for notifications) | § 17713.09(a)(9) |
Fee: $20.00. Penalty for late or non-filing: $250 (Cal. Corp. Code § 17713.07), plus suspension of California LLC status by Franchise Tax Board.
6.2 Biennial Statement of Information
After the initial filing, Form LLC-12 must be filed every two years during the "applicable filing period" — the calendar month of the original registration anniversary and the immediately preceding five (5) calendar months.
| Year of Registration | Years Biennial Statement Is Due |
|---|---|
| Even year | Every even year thereafter |
| Odd year | Every odd year thereafter |
6.3 Statement of No Change
If no information has changed since the last Statement of Information, the LLC may file Form LLC-12NC ("Statement of No Change"). Same $20 fee.
6.4 Foreign Name Change Amendment (Form LLC-6)
If the home-state LLC changes its name, the foreign LLC must file Form LLC-6 (Amendment to Application to Register) within thirty (30) days and provide a new Certificate of Good Standing in the new name. Fee: $30.
6.5 Compliance Calendar Summary
| Filing / Obligation | Due Date | Fee | Authority |
|---|---|---|---|
| Initial Statement of Information (LLC-12) | Within 90 days of LLC-5 filing | $20 | § 17713.09 |
| Biennial Statement of Information (LLC-12) | Every two years during applicable filing window | $20 | § 17713.09 |
| Annual franchise tax (Form FTB 3522) | 15th day of 4th month after start of taxable year (typically April 15) | $800 | Rev. & Tax. § 17941 |
| Annual LLC fee (Form FTB 3536 estimate, Form 568 return) | June 15 (estimate); 15th day of 3rd month after taxable year end (return) | Tiered | Rev. & Tax. § 17942 |
| Form 568 LLC Return of Income | 15th day of 3rd month after taxable year end | — | Rev. & Tax. § 18633.5 |
| Statement of Information Amendment if facts change | Within applicable period | $20 | § 17713.09(d) |
7. FRANCHISE TAX AND FTB OBLIGATIONS
7.1 Annual Minimum Franchise Tax
Pursuant to Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 17941, every LLC registered or doing business in California must pay an annual minimum franchise tax of $800. The tax is paid on Form FTB 3522 by the 15th day of the 4th month of the LLC's taxable year (April 15 for calendar-year filers).
First-year relief: Under AB 85 (2020), LLCs that organized, registered, or began doing business in California on or after January 1, 2021 are NOT subject to the $800 minimum tax for their first taxable year. (Verify current status of this provision — sunset and extensions have been proposed.)
7.2 Annual LLC Fee (Gross-Receipts Fee)
Pursuant to Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 17942, an LLC with California-source gross receipts of $250,000 or more owes an additional annual fee:
| California Total Income | Annual LLC Fee |
|---|---|
| $0 – $249,999 | $0 |
| $250,000 – $499,999 | $900 |
| $500,000 – $999,999 | $2,500 |
| $1,000,000 – $4,999,999 | $6,000 |
| $5,000,000 or more | $11,790 |
Estimated fee due June 15 on Form FTB 3536; reconciled on Form 568.
7.3 Form 568 LLC Return of Income
Every foreign LLC qualified in California must file Form 568 each taxable year regardless of activity. Members' Schedules K-1 (568) report California-source income for nonresident member apportionment.
7.4 Nonresident Member Withholding
LLCs with nonresident members may owe California withholding under Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 18662 (Forms 592, 592-B) on California-source distributions.
7.5 SALT Cap / Pass-Through Entity Tax (PTET) Election
For taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2021 (through current sunset), qualified LLCs taxed as partnerships or S corporations may elect to pay California's pass-through entity tax of 9.3% on consenting members' California-source income, generating a federal SALT-cap workaround. Election made on Form 3804 with annual prepayment by June 15.
8. REGISTERED AGENT MAINTENANCE
8.1 Statutory Obligation
Pursuant to Cal. Corp. Code §§ 17701.13 and 17708.02(a)(4), every registered foreign LLC must continuously maintain a California agent for service of process. Loss of the agent (death, resignation, removal, dissolution of corporate agent) triggers an immediate cure obligation.
8.2 Changing the Registered Agent
Two methods:
| Method | Form | Fee | When Used |
|---|---|---|---|
| File Statement of Information (Form LLC-12) with updated agent | LLC-12 | $20 | When change accompanies other Statement of Information updates |
| File standalone Statement of Information amendment | LLC-12 | $20 | Mid-cycle changes |
8.3 Resignation of Agent
A registered agent may resign by filing Form LLC-7 (Resignation of Agent for Service of Process), Cal. Corp. Code § 17702.09. The Secretary of State notifies the LLC by mail. The LLC must designate a replacement agent within seventy-two (72) hours to avoid suspension.
8.4 Failure to Maintain Agent
Failure to maintain a California agent for service of process is independent grounds for the Secretary of State to suspend or forfeit the LLC's registration under Cal. Corp. Code § 17713.07(b).
9. WITHDRAWAL / CANCELLATION PROCEDURE (FORM LLC-4/7)
When the LLC ceases to transact intrastate business in California, it should formally withdraw to stop accrual of franchise tax and other obligations.
9.1 Statutory Authority
Cal. Corp. Code § 17708.06 (Cancellation of Registration); Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 23561 (Tax clearance / final return).
9.2 Pre-Withdrawal Checklist
☐ All California returns filed through year of withdrawal (Form 568)
☐ All franchise taxes, LLC fees, penalties, and interest paid in full
☐ Final Statement of Information filed (if not current)
☐ No outstanding California liabilities to creditors, employees, or taxing authorities
☐ Member or manager authorization to withdraw documented
9.3 Form to File
Certificate of Cancellation of Registration (Form LLC-4/7) — files the cancellation of registration of a foreign LLC.
| Element | Detail |
|---|---|
| Form name | Certificate of Cancellation of Registration (Form LLC-4/7) |
| Filing fee | $0 (no fee to cancel) |
| Required content | Name of LLC; CA Secretary of State entity (file) number; statement that the foreign LLC is cancelling its registration in California; that the LLC has paid or made adequate provision for all known debts and liabilities; signature of authorized person |
| Tax clearance prerequisite | None required by Secretary of State, but FTB will continue to assess $800 minimum tax until cancellation is recorded |
9.4 Effective Date and Tax Implications
The cancellation is effective upon filing (or a specified later date, if requested). For state franchise tax purposes, the LLC remains liable for the $800 minimum tax for any taxable year in which its registration is on file on any day of the year — including the partial year of withdrawal — unless it qualifies for a short-year exception.
9.5 Statement Required Where Registration Was Filed in Error
If the LLC determines it was never required to register (because it never transacted intrastate business), it may nonetheless file Form LLC-4/7 to cancel registration. The FTB may still assess franchise taxes for the period of registration; consult tax counsel.
10. CALIFORNIA PRACTICE NOTES
10.1 Nexus is fact-intensive. California construes "doing business" broadly. Under Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 23101, the FTB treats an entity as doing business if it actively engages in any transaction for profit in California; has California sales exceeding the threshold (indexed annually, currently $711,538 for 2024); has California real or tangible personal property exceeding $71,154; or has California compensation exceeding $71,154. These thresholds trigger franchise tax even where Secretary of State registration is not required.
10.2 Public Policy and Licensed Professions. Foreign LLCs engaged in licensed professions (law, medicine, dentistry, accountancy, architecture, etc.) cannot register in California. These services must be delivered through a Registered Limited Liability Partnership (Cal. Corp. Code § 16952) or a Professional Corporation. Counsel must screen the LLC's intended California services against the Business and Professions Code.
10.3 LLC vs. Series LLC. California does not recognize series LLCs as separate entities for franchise tax. Each registered series of a foreign series LLC may be required to register separately and pay separate $800 minimum taxes (FTB Legal Ruling 2014-01; FTB Notice 2018-04). Confirm before filing.
10.4 Reservist of Process. California permits service via the Secretary of State if the LLC's California registered agent cannot be located after reasonable diligence (Cal. Corp. Code § 17701.16). Maintain a current and reachable agent.
10.5 SOS Suspension vs. FTB Suspension. SOS suspension under § 17713.07 (for failure to file Statement of Information) is curable by filing the delinquent form and paying penalties. FTB suspension (for unpaid taxes) requires payment in full plus a $100 reviver fee and FTB Form 3557 application. A suspended LLC cannot prosecute or defend lawsuits, enforce contracts, or sell California real estate.
10.6 Federal Securities Laws. Capital raising by a registered foreign LLC may require California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (DFPI) qualification under the California Corporate Securities Law of 1968 (Cal. Corp. Code §§ 25000 et seq.) unless exempt (e.g., Rule 506 federal covered securities require only a Notice Filing on DFPI Form NF).
10.7 Local Business Licenses. SOS registration does not satisfy city- and county-level business license obligations. Confirm requirements with each California municipality where the LLC operates (e.g., Los Angeles Business Tax Registration Certificate; San Francisco Business Registration; San Diego Business Tax Certificate).
10.8 Use Tax and Seller's Permit. If the LLC will sell tangible personal property in California, obtain a seller's permit from the California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (CDTFA) BEFORE making sales. Permits are free but mandatory.
11. SOURCES AND REFERENCES
- California Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act, Cal. Corp. Code §§ 17701.01 through 17713.13 (entire chapter)
- Cal. Corp. Code § 17708.02 — Application for registration of foreign LLC
- Cal. Corp. Code § 17708.03 — Activities constituting transacting intrastate business
- Cal. Corp. Code § 17708.05 — Activities NOT constituting transacting intrastate business
- Cal. Corp. Code § 17708.06 — Cancellation of registration
- Cal. Corp. Code § 17708.07 — Consequences of transacting business without registration
- Cal. Corp. Code § 17701.08 — Name requirements and distinguishability
- Cal. Corp. Code § 17713.09 — Statement of Information
- Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code §§ 17941, 17942 — Annual franchise tax and LLC fee
- Cal. Rev. & Tax. Code § 23101 — Doing business definition for franchise tax
- California Secretary of State, Form LLC-5, "Application to Register a Foreign Limited Liability Company": https://bpd.cdn.sos.ca.gov/llc/forms/llc-5.pdf
- California Secretary of State, Form LLC-12, "Statement of Information (LLC)": https://bpd.cdn.sos.ca.gov/llc/forms/llc-12.pdf
- California Secretary of State, Form LLC-4/7, "Certificate of Cancellation of Registration"
- California Secretary of State, Forms, Samples and Fees: https://www.sos.ca.gov/business-programs/business-entities/forms
- California Franchise Tax Board, Limited Liability Company Guide: https://www.ftb.ca.gov/file/business/types/limited-liability-company/index.html
- California Secretary of State, Processing Times: https://www.sos.ca.gov/business-programs/business-entities/processing-times
- California Bizfile online portal: https://bizfileonline.sos.ca.gov/
END OF TEMPLATE
About This Template
Starting a business means choosing a legal structure and filing the right paperwork to make it official. LLCs, corporations, and partnerships each have different tax, liability, and governance rules, and each state has its own filing forms and fees. Getting these documents right at the start protects your personal assets, sets up clean ownership terms between founders, and avoids expensive fixes later.
Important Notice
This template is provided for informational purposes. It is not legal advice. We recommend having an attorney review any legal document before signing, especially for high-value or complex matters.
Last updated: May 2026
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