Which of a utility's distributions to its holding company during a PSC-mandated restructuring are excess dividends under section 186, and which are not?

Plain-English summary

Central Hudson Gas & Electric, a section 186 utility, was carrying out the PSC-mandated restructuring (auctioning generation assets, forming a holding company "Holdco", spinning off subsidiaries). It asked which of several distributions during that process are excess dividends under section 186. The governing rule: a section 186 dividend is a distribution of profits (Adams Electric), and steps within the PSC-mandated restructuring series are not profit distributions (Central Hudson, TSB-A-98(12)C).

The Department's answers:

• Q1 -- reinvesting auction proceeds. Investing the auction proceeds into unregulated operations through the holding company (Transaction A or B) is part of the mandated series and not a distribution of profits, so it is not an excess dividend. (A spin-off to the parent could be a dividend, but not if it is part of the mandated Existing-Subsidiaries/Genco spin-off.)
• Q2 -- Holdco pays the proceeds to its shareholders. It does not matter: the utility's distribution of the auction proceeds to Holdco is within the mandated series, so it is not an excess dividend, regardless of what Holdco then does.
• Q3 -- distributing other funds. If the utility distributes funds other than auction proceeds to Holdco for an unregulated subsidiary via Transaction A -- outside the mandated series -- that is a distribution to its shareholder and is an excess dividend. But distributing other funds to its own subsidiary before a mandated spin-off (Transaction B) is not a dividend, and a mandated spin-off is not a dividend, while a non-mandated spin-off to the parent could be.

What this means for you

"Within the mandate" is the dividing line

Distributions a utility makes as required steps of the PSC restructuring are not distributions of profits, so they escape the excess dividends tax. The same kind of transfer done outside the mandate is a taxable dividend.

Trace the source of the funds

Auction proceeds moved through the holding company per the mandate are protected. Distributing other (non-auction) funds outside the mandated series is a dividend.

Spin-offs depend on whether they are mandated

A spin-off that is part of the mandated restructuring is not a dividend; a spin-off to the parent outside the mandate can be one.

Common questions

Q: Is reinvesting the auction proceeds through the holding company an excess dividend?
A: No. It is part of the PSC-mandated restructuring and not a distribution of profits.

Q: Does it matter if the holding company then pays its shareholders?
A: No. The utility's distribution to the holding company is within the mandate, so it is not a dividend.

Q: When is a distribution to the holding company a dividend?
A: When it is funds other than auction proceeds, distributed outside the mandated restructuring series -- then it is a distribution to the shareholder and an excess dividend.

Citations and references

Statutes, regulations, and authorities:
- Tax Law section 186 (franchise tax on gas and electric companies; excess dividends tax)
- People ex rel Adams Electric Light Co v Graves, 272 NY 77
- Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation, TSB-A-98(12)C (July 29, 1998)
- Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation, TSB-A-99(13)C (Jan. 28, 1999)

Source

• Landing page: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/advisory_opinions/corporation_ao_1999.htm
• Opinion: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/advisory_opinions/corporation/a99_13c.pdf

Original ruling text

New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

Taxpayer Services Division
Technical Services Bureau

TSB-A-99(13)C
Corporation Tax
January 28, 1999

STATE OF NEW YORK
COMMISSIONER OF TAXATION AND FINANCE
ADVISORY OPINION

PETITION NO. C980909B

On September 9, 1998, a Petition for Advisory Opinion was received from Central Hudson
Gas & Electric Corporation, 284 South Avenue, Poughkeepsie, New York 12601.
The issues raised by Petitioner, Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation, result from the
proposed corporate restructuring of Petitioner implemented in fulfillment of the New York State
Public Service Commission's mandate under its Competitive Opportunities proceeding. The specific
questions are:
Question 1:

Would the investment, by Petitioner, of the Auction proceeds into an unregulated
subsidiary of Holdco through either Transaction A or Transaction B, described
below, be subject to the tax on excess dividends under section 186 of the Tax Law
("Excess Dividends Tax")?

Question 2:

If in Transaction A Holdco distributed the Auction proceeds to its shareholders
instead of contributing the funds to an unregulated subsidiary, would the transaction
be subject to the Excess Dividends Tax?

Question 3:

If Petitioner distributed funds (other than Auction proceeds) to Holdco for
contribution to an unregulated subsidiary, through either Transaction A or
Transaction B, would the transaction be subject to the Excess Dividends Tax?

Petitioner submits the following facts as the basis for this Advisory Opinion.
Background
Petitioner is a combination gas and electric utility engaged principally in generation,
transmission, distribution and sale of electric energy and the sale, transportation and distribution of
natural gas in the Hudson River Valley of New York. Petitioner's wholesale rates and services are
regulated by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ("FERC") and its retail rates and services
are regulated by the New York State Public Service Commission ("PSC").
Petitioner's proposed restructuring, described below, is in response to the Competitive
Opportunities Proceeding instituted in 1994 by the PSC in Case No. 94-E-0952 ("Competitive
Opportunities Proceeding"), which endorsed a fundamental restructuring of the electric utility
industry in New York State based on competition in the generation and energy services sectors of

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that industry. The PSC enunciated its policy objectives in an order (Opinion No. 96-12), issued May
20, 1996 ("Order"). The PSC's Order, among other things, required all the electric utilities subject
to the Competitive Opportunities Proceeding to file a restructuring plan by October 1, 1996, which
plan was required to address, among other things, the structure of the utility, both in the short and
long term, and a schedule for the introduction of retail access.
Under Petitioner's proceeding with the PSC (Case 96-E-0909), in furtherance of the
Competitive Opportunities Proceeding and the Order, Petitioner, PSC Staff and certain other parties
entered into a Settlement Agreement ("Settlement Agreement") on March 20, 1997 which provides
for a transition to a competitive electric market and authorizes a corporate restructuring of Petitioner
into a holding company structure. The PSC indicated that further negotiations were needed on
certain issues, and after such negotiations, Petitioner, PSC Staff and certain other parties entered
into An Amended and Restated Settlement Agreement ("Restated Settlement Agreement"), dated
January 2, 1998. In the PSC's Order Adopting Terms of Settlement Subject to Modifications and
Conditions, issued and effective February 19, 1998 modifying, approving and adopting the Restated
Settlement Agreement, the PSC states that the Restated Settlement Agreement "generally offer[s]
a sound regulatory framework for Central Hudson, its competitors, and its customers in the transition
to fully competitive generation and energy service markets. . . ." The PSC also stated in this order
that it was "requiring modifications and adding conditions" to the Restated Settlement Agreement.
A conforming Modifications of Amended and Restated Settlement Agreement, dated February 26,
1998, was entered into by Petitioner, the PSC Staff and certain other parties and was filed with the
PSC, which provides a written statement of unconditional acceptance of the modifications and
conditions contained in the PSC's order issued February 19, 1998, and incorporated into PSC
Opinion No. 98-13, issued and effective June 30, 1998.
The modified Restated Settlement Agreement (as agreed on February 26, 1998), provides,
among other things:
�

Petitioner is required to functionally unbundle its fossil-fuel generation in 1998, and
complete structural separation by June 30, 2001.

�

An auction of Petitioner's fossil-fueled generation will be completed by June 30, 2001; an
auction plan is to be submitted to the PSC six months prior to such auction. However, the
auction can be accelerated earlier on direction of the PSC if the PSC finds that it is in the
public interest.

�

An unregulated affiliate of Petitioner may bid in the auction.

�

In the event Petitioner elects not to bid in the auction, Petitioner will retain 10 percent of the
proceeds above such book value, subject to a $17.5 million cap; proceeds above book value

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not retained by Petitioner will be used to offset Petitioner's fossil-fueled generation related
regulatory assets and its net investment in the Nine Mile 2 Plant.
�

Petitioner is permitted to transfer up to $100 million of equity from Petitioner to unregulated
affiliates prior to the formation of the holding company.

�

Petitioner will cause a holding company to be formed not later than June 30, 2001.

Restructuring
The Restated Settlement Agreement is expected to result in the following:
1. Holding Company and Spin-Offs. Pursuant to a corporate restructuring, Petitioner would
be wholly-owned by a newly formed New York corporation ("Holdco"). The holding company
structure would be established pursuant to a Plan of Exchange ("Plan of Exchange"). Under the Plan
of Exchange, all outstanding shares of Petitioner's Common Stock ("CH Common Stock") would
be exchanged ("Share Exchange") on a share-for-share basis for Holdco common stock ("Holdco
Common Stock"). The Share Exchange would be effected pursuant to section 913 of the New York
Business Corporation Law ("BCL") by the filing of a Certificate of Exchange with the New York
State Department of State. Upon consummation of the Share Exchange, each holder of CH Common
Stock immediately prior to the Share Exchange would own a corresponding number of shares and
percentage of the outstanding Holdco Common Stock, and Holdco would own all of the outstanding
shares of CH Common Stock.
Directly after the Share Exchange, Petitioner would distribute ("Existing Subsidiaries
Spin-Off") to Holdco all of the common stock of all but one of its current wholly-owned subsidiaries
("Existing Subsidiaries"). Central Hudson Enterprises Corporation ("CHEC") is the only active
subsidiary of Petitioner with any substance. CHEC's common stock would be included in the
Existing Subsidiaries Spin-Off. The proposed restructured organization is subject to change as to
final form.
The Share Exchange would not result in any change in the then outstanding preferred stock
or debt securities of Petitioner, which would continue to be securities and obligations of Petitioner
after the Share Exchange.
Consummation of the Share Exchange and/or the subsequent implementing transactions
requires certain approvals of FERC and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC"), and the
Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), in addition to that of the PSC. Petitioner has
received such approvals.

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The approval of Petitioner's Common Stock shareholders is required to effect the transactions
described herein. Petitioner held a Special Meeting of Shareholders on September 25, 1998, at
which the shareholders approved the transactions. The Share Exchange and Existing Subsidiaries
Spin-Off are expected to take effect in the first half of 1999. The separation of the Generation
Assets, described in "2" below, would take place sometime between January 1, 1999 and July 1,
2001.
2. Genco/Petitioner
Giving effect to the steps in "1" above, Petitioner would be wholly-owned by Holdco and
would continue to be engaged in the PSC/FERC regulated business of the generation, transmission
and distribution of electricity, and the transmission and distribution of gas. Holdco and/or Petitioner
may own one or more subsidiaries, each of which would own and operate only assets for the
generation of electricity (any such subsidiary being herein called a "Genco").
Pursuant to the modified Restated Settlement Agreement, by July 1, 2001, the fossil-fueled
electric generation assets ("CH Generation Assets") of Petitioner (together with related assets,
obligations and liabilities) would be sold. As an alternative, such assets may be transferred to a
Genco which would be spun off to Holdco, owned by Holdco for a transition period ("Transition
Period"), and thereafter sold (either the CH Generation Assets or the subsidiary stock would be sold)
by July 1, 2001. Any such sale would be made pursuant to an "auction process", set forth in Part VII
of the Settlement Agreement (herein called the "Auction" or Auction Process"), and transfer of title
must take place by July 1, 2001. An affiliated entity of Holdco, including a Genco, could be the
successful bidder at such Auction.
The CH Generation Assets would be Petitioner's Danskammer Electric Generation Plant,
located in Roseton, New York and Petitioner's 35 percent ownership interest in the Roseton Electric
Generation Plant located in Roseton, New York ("Roseton Plant") and owned as tenants-in-common
by Petitioner, Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation and Consolidated Edison Company of New
York, Inc (collectively, the "CH Generation Assets"). Petitioner's hydro-electric facilities,
combustion turbines and its interest in Unit 2 of the Nine Mile Point Nuclear Station would continue
to be owned by Petitioner.
Pursuant to Rev. Rul, 68-344, 1968-1 CB 569, the ownership and operation of the Roseton
Plant by the owners thereof, as tenants-in-common, is considered to be a venture classified as a
partnership for federal income tax purposes under section 7701(a)(2) of the IRC. The co-tenant
owners of the Roseton Plant did not elect, under section 761(a) of the IRC, to be excluded from the
application of all or part of Subchapter K of the IRC. The Roseton Plant co-tenants have filed,
annually, a partnership return of Form 1065. Petitioner submits that its 35 percent interest in the
Roseton Plant ("Petitioner's Roseton Plant Interest") is a partnership interest for purposes of this
advisory opinion.

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Pursuant to the Restated Settlement Agreement, Petitioner must sell the CH Generation
Assets pursuant to the Auction Process either to an affiliate of Petitioner or an unaffiliated party.
The consideration received by Petitioner, up to the net book value of the CH Generation Assets, will
be available for investment in unregulated operations without further PSC approval or authorization.
The investment of the Auction proceeds into unregulated operations would be accomplished
either:
A. by a distribution from Petitioner to Holdco which would then contribute the
capital to one of its unregulated subsidiaries ("Transaction A") or
B. by Petitioner contributing the capital to its own subsidiary which would then be
spun-off to Holdco ("Transaction B").
Either method would have the same result of moving the Auction proceeds from Petitioner to an
unregulated subsidiary of Holdco.
Discussion
Section 186 of the Tax Law imposes a franchise tax upon every corporation, joint-stock
company or association formed for or principally engaged in the business of supplying gas, when
delivered through mains or pipes, or electricity, "for the privilege of exercising its corporate
franchise or carrying on its business in such corporate or organized capacity in this state". The tax
is three-quarters of one percent on the taxpayer's gross earnings from all sources within New York
State, and four and one-half percent on the amount of dividends paid during each year ending on the
thirty-first day of December in excess of four percent on the actual amount of paid-in capital
employed in New York State by the taxpayer.
In People ex rel Adams Electric Light Co v Graves, 272 NY 77,79, the Court of Appeals
stated that under the franchise tax imposed by section 186 of the Tax Law "[a] dividend on corporate
stock implies a division or distribution of corporate profits." In that case, the Court held that the
transfer of a portion of earned surplus to its non-par capital stock account, pursuant to a resolution
of its board of directors, was not a distribution of dividends for tax purposes. Neither money nor
property nor stock dividend went into the hands of stockholders. No stockholder acquired a right
to receive any equivalent of the amount transferred unless further corporate action was taken.
On July 29, 1998, an advisory opinion issued to Petitioner, TSB-A-98(12)C, addressed
several questions pertaining to the tax ramifications resulting from its corporate restructuring under
the PSC's Competitive Opportunities Proceeding. One of the holdings in that opinion stated that
"Petitioner's distribution to Holdco, directly after the Share Exchange, of all of the common stock
of the corporations included in the Existing Subsidiaries Spin-Off and any Genco Spin-Off, is part

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of the series of transactions being entered into by Petitioner as mandated by the PSC pursuant to the
Competitive Opportunities Proceeding and the PSC's policy objectives set forth in the Order
(Opinion No. 96-12), and implemented under the restructuring plan described in the Restated
Settlement Agreement dated January 2, 1998 and modified February 26, 1998, whereby Petitioner
is reorganized into the holding company structure. It does not represent a distribution of the profits
of Petitioner. Accordingly, these restructuring distributions are not treated as dividends subject to
the Excess Dividends Tax under section 186 of the Tax Law." The opinion held further that the
answer would not change if Petitioner invests up to $100 million of equity in the Existing
Subsidiaries prior to the Share Exchange and the Existing Subsidiaries Spin-0ff.
With respect to Question 1, the investment of the Auction proceeds into unregulated
operations that would not require further approval or authorization by the PSC, and which would be
accomplished by either Transaction A or Transaction B, as described above, is part of the series of
transactions being entered into by Petitioner as mandated by the PSC pursuant to the Competitive
Opportunities Proceeding and the PSC's policy objectives set forth in the Order (Opinion No. 96-12),
and implemented under the restructuring plan described in the Restated Settlement Agreement dated
January 2, 1998, modified February 26, 1998, and incorporated into PSC Opinion NO. 98-13, issued
and effective June 30, 1998, whereby Petitioner is reorganized into the holding company structure
and divests itself of its CH Generating Assets. It does not represent a distribution of the profits of
Petitioner as contemplated in Adams Electric, supra. Accordingly, the investment of the Auction
proceeds into such unregulated operations, that would be accomplished by either Transaction A or
Transaction B, would not be treated as dividends subject to the Excess Dividends Tax under section
186 of the Tax Law.
With respect to Transaction B, a spin-off of a subsidiary to a parent corporation could result
in a dividend subject to the Excess Dividends Tax under section 186 of the Tax Law. However, to
the extent the spin-off of such subsidiary to Holdco is part of the Existing Subsidiaries Spin-Off or
Genco Spin-Off referenced in the Answer to Question 10 of the previous advisory opinion issued
to Petitioner on July 29, 1998, such spin-off would be within the context of the series of transactions
being entered into by Petitioner as mandated by the PSC pursuant to the Competitive Opportunities
Proceeding and the PSC's policy objectives set forth in the Order (Opinion No. 96-12) and
implemented under the restructuring plan described in the Restated Settlement Agreement dated
January 2, 1998, modified February 26, 1998, and incorporated into PSC Opinion No. 98-13, issued
and effective June 30, 1998, and such spin-off would not constitute a dividend subject to the Excess
Dividends Tax under section 186 of the Tax Law.
With respect to Question 2, it would not matter whether, in Transaction A, Holdco
distributes the Auction proceeds to its shareholders instead of contributing the funds to an
unregulated subsidiary. The distribution of the Auction proceeds from Petitioner to Holdco would
be made within the context of the series of transactions being entered into by Petitioner as mandated

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by the PSC pursuant to the Competitive Opportunities Proceeding and the PSC's policy objectives
set forth in the Order (Opinion No. 96-12) and implemented under the restructuring plan described
in the Restated Settlement Agreement dated January 2, 1998, modified February 26, 1998, and
incorporated into PSC Opinion No. 98-13, issued and effective June 30, 1998. Accordingly,
pursuant to Adams Electric, supra, such distribution from Petitioner to Holdco would not constitute
a dividend subject to the Excess Dividends Tax under section 186 of the Tax Law.
With respect to Question 3, if Petitioner distributes funds (other than Auction proceeds) to
Holdco for contribution to an unregulated subsidiary through Transaction A, such distribution would
be made outside the context of the series of transactions being entered into by Petitioner as mandated
by the PSC pursuant to the Competitive Opportunities Proceeding and the PSC's policy objectives
set forth in the Order (Opinion No. 96-12) and implemented under the restructuring plan described
in the Restated Settlement Agreement dated January 2, 1998, modified February 26, 1998, and
incorporated into PSC Opinion NO. 98-13, issued and effective June 30, 1998. Accordingly,
pursuant to Adams Electric, supra, such distribution of funds accomplished by Transaction A would
be a distribution to its shareholder, and would constitute a dividend subject to the Excess Dividends
Tax under section 186 of the Tax Law.
If Petitioner distributes funds (other than Auction proceeds) to its own subsidiary before it
is spun-off to Holdco under Transaction B, in accordance with the Answer to Question 10 in the
previous advisory opinion issued to Petitioner on July 29, 1998, such distribution of funds would
not constitute a dividend subject to the Excess Dividends Tax under section 186 of the Tax Law.
Further, to the extent the spin-off of such subsidiary to Holdco under Transaction B is part
of the Existing Subsidiaries Spin-Off or Genco Spin-Off referenced in the Answer to Question 10
of the previous advisory opinion issued to Petitioner on July 29, 1998, such spin-off would be within
the context of the series of transactions being entered into by Petitioner as mandated by the PSC
pursuant to the Competitive Opportunities Proceeding and the PSC's policy objectives set forth in
the Order (Opinion No. 96-12) and implemented under the restructuring plan described in the
Restated Settlement Agreement dated January 2, 1998, modified February 26, 1998, and
incorporated into PSC Opinion No. 98-13, issued and effective June 30, 1998. Accordingly, such
spin-off would not constitute a dividend subject to the Excess Dividends Tax under section 186 of
the Tax Law.
However, pursuant to Adams Electric, supra, a spin-off of a subsidiary to a parent
corporation outside the context of the series of transactions being entered into by Petitioner as
mandated by the PSC pursuant to the Competitive Opportunities Proceeding and the PSC's policy
objectives set forth in the Order (Opinion No. 96-12) and implemented under the restructuring plan
described in the Restated Settlement Agreement dated January 2, 1998, modified February 26, 1998,

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and incorporated into PSC Opinion No. 98-13, issued and effective June 30, 1998, could result in
a dividend subject to the Excess Dividends Tax under section 186 of the Tax Law.

DATED: January 28, 1999

NOTE:

/s/
John W. Bartlett
Deputy Director
Technical Services Bureau

The opinions expressed in Advisory Opinions are
limited to the facts set forth therein.