Does a building used to sort, repack and cold-store imported flower bulbs for resale qualify for the Article 9-A investment tax credit as property principally used in the production of goods by processing?
Plain-English summary
K. Van Bourgondien & Sons, Inc. built a 37,000-square-foot building at its Babylon, New York site for its flower-bulb business. It imports live bulbs in bulk bare-root condition, sorts them (discarding non-live bulbs), repacks the rest in point-of-sale display packages (sometimes in flower pots, with a horticulture medium like peat moss for shelf life), and holds them in cold storage at about 35 degrees until shipped to resellers. It asked whether the building qualifies for the Article 9-A investment tax credit under section 210.12.
No. The credit requires "qualified property" that is principally used in the production of goods by manufacturing, processing, assembling, refining, mining, farming, agriculture, horticulture, etc. (20 NYCRR 5-2.2(a)). The Department, relying on J. H. Wattles (an egg packer -- washing, candling, grading and packing farm-run eggs was not processing because the end result was not significantly different) and Dobbins & Ramage (grading, storing and cleaning fresh apples was not processing for the same reason), held that sorting, packaging and storing the bulbs is not production by processing or assembling: the bulbs sold are not significantly different from the bulbs imported. So the building is not used in production, is not qualified property, and earns no investment tax credit.
What this means for you
The ITC requires production, not just handling
Property qualifies only if principally used to produce goods by manufacturing, processing, assembling, etc. Sorting, packaging, and storing inventory is handling for sale, not production.
"Processing" means a significant change in the product
If the goods sold are not significantly different from the goods received -- as with grading eggs or storing apples -- the activity is not processing, even if it adds value or prepares the product for retail.
Storage and packaging space is not "production" floor space
Cold storage and repackaging for resale count as storage/distribution, not production use, so a building dedicated to them is not qualified property.
Common questions
Q: I add value by sorting and special packaging -- isn't that processing?
A: Not if the product sold is essentially the same as what you received. Adding value short of a significant change is not "processing" for the ITC.
Q: Does horticulture qualify for the credit?
A: Producing goods by horticulture can, but this taxpayer was sorting/repacking imported bulbs, not producing them -- so the building was not used in qualifying production.
Q: Does cold storage of inventory count as production use?
A: No. Storing finished inventory for sale is storage/distribution, not production.
Citations and references
Statutes, regulations, and authorities:
- Tax Law section 210.12 (investment tax credit against Article 9-A tax; 5%/4% of the investment credit base)
- Tax Law section 210.12(b) (qualified property principally used in the production of goods by manufacturing, processing, assembling, etc.)
- 20 NYCRR 5-2.2(a) (definition of qualified property -- acquired/constructed after 1968, depreciable, 4-year life, New York situs, principally used in production)
- 20 NYCRR 5-2.4(c) ("principally used" means more than 50%; office, sales and distribution space is not production)
- J. H. Wattles, Inc., TSB-H-81(58)C (egg washing/candling/grading/packing not processing); Dobbins & Ramage, Inc., TSB-H-87(21)C (grading/storing fresh apples not processing)
Source
- Landing page: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/advisory_opinions/corporation_ao_1995.htm
- Opinion: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/advisory_opinions/corporation/a95_17c.pdf
Original ruling text
New York State Department of Taxation and Finance
Taxpayer Services Division
Technical Services Bureau
TSB-A-95 (17) C
Corporation Tax
September 26, 1995
STATE OF NEW YORK
COMMISSIONER OF TAXATION AND FINANCE
ADVISORY OPINION
PETITION NO. C950329A
On March 29, 1995, a Petition for Advisory Opinion was received from K. Van Bourgondien
& Sons, Inc., Farmingdale Road, Babylon, New York 11702.
The issue raised by Petitioner, K. Van Bourgondien & Sons, Inc., is whether Petitioner's new
building qualifies for the investment tax credit contained in section 210.12 of the Tax Law.
In 1994, Petitioner constructed a new 37,000 square foot building that is used for
horticultural activities.
Petitioner imports live flower bulbs in bare root condition, in bulk, in large commercial
containers. Petitioner sorts the bulbs to discard non-live bulbs and repacks the vast majority of the
bulbs in point of sale display packages, and, in some instances, in flower pots. The repacked bulbs
are for the most part sold to major national resellers who require this method of packaging.
Furthermore, the package is typically placed in a special horticulture medium, such as peat moss or
wood shavings to accomplish various goals to ensure retail shelf life dependent upon the specific
bulb. Some bulbs require controlled ventilation and some moisture retention. The bulbs are stored
in large cold storage units within the building where a temperature of approximately 35 degrees
Fahrenheit is constantly maintained, until shipped to customers.
Section 210.12 of the Tax Law allows an investment tax credit against the tax imposed under
Article g-A of the Tax Law. For taxable years beginning after 1990, section 210.12 allows an
investment tax credit equal to five percent with respect to the first $350 million of the investment
credit base and four percent with respect to the investment credit base in excess of $350 million. The
investment credit base is the cost or other basis for Federal income tax purposes of qualified tangible
personal property and other tangible property, including buildings and structural components of
buildings.
Section 5-2.2(a) of the Business Corporation Franchise Tax Regulations provides that:
the term "qualified property" means tangible personal property and other tangible
property, including buildings and structural components of buildings, which:
(1)
is acquired, constructed, reconstructed or erected by the taxpayer after
December 31, 1968;
(2)
is depreciable pursuant to section 167 of the Internal Revenue Code;
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Corporation Tax
September 26, 1995
(3)
has a useful life of four years or more;
(4)
is acquired by the taxpayer by purchase as defined in section 179(d) of the
Internal Revenue Code;
(5)
has a situs in New York State; and
(6)
is principally used by the taxpayer in the production of goods by
manufacturing, processing, assembling, refining, mining, extracting, farming,
agriculture, horticulture, floriculture, viticulture or commercial fishing.
Section 5-2.4(c) of the Business Corporation Franchise Tax Regulations provides that:
[t]he term "principally used" means more than 50 percent. A building or addition to
a building is principally used in production where more than 50 percent of its usable
business floor space is used in storage and production. Floor space used for
bathrooms, cafeterias and lounges is not usable business floor space. Space used for
offices, accounting, sales and distribution is not used in production ....
In the Matter of J. H. Wattles, Inc., Dec St Tax Comm, October 30, 1981, TSB-H-81(58)C,
the petitioner was engaged in the wholesale egg business. It purchased eggs directly from producer
farms in farm-run condition and prepared them for distribution to supermarkets in accordance with
applicable state and Federal statutes. The eggs were received in a refrigerated condition and the
petitioner held the eggs in coolers. The petitioner transported the eggs by conveyor through a
mechanized washing system, and then to a candling station where employees selected out any
undesirable eggs. Next, the quality eggs were weighed and transported, by weight, to the packing
station and mechanically dropped into dozen cartons. The cartons were then packed into cases and
taken by pallet to coolers to await distribution. The petitioner was denied investment tax credit on
its equipment because the operations the petitioner performed on the farm-run eggs did not constitute
manufacturing or processing within the meaning of section 210.12(b) of the Tax Law, since the end
result was not so significantly different from the raw material. In its conclusions, the Tax
Commission cited Gressel Produce Co. v Kosydar, 297 NE2d 532 (Ohio, 1973) wherein the court
examined an operation like J.H. Wattles and the court stated:
The operation described herein evidences no change in the state or form of the eggs
regardless of the fact that they may have been enhanced in value. Those eggs which
were unfit for consumption when received from the producer remained unfit for
consumption; and those eggs which were fit for consumption when delivered to the
retailer were fit for consumption at the time they were received. Id. at 536.
In the Matter of Dobbins & RamaKe, Inc., Dec St Tax Comm, July 20, 1987, TSB-H
87(21)C, the petitioner engaged in the production of apple juice and the packaging and marketing
of whole apples. The petitioner purchased apples or received them on consignment from growers in
tree-run condition. The petitioner assembled and graded the apples according to size and quality,
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September 26, 1995
disposing of poor quality apples. The apples were then placed in atmosphere-controlled, sealed
storage rooms which served to retard their spoilage, thereby lengthening the life of the apples. When
needed, the petitioner removed the apples from the storage rooms and cleaned them. The higher
graded apples were then bagged for sale. The remaining apples were sent, after cleaning, to be
processed into apple juice. The petitioner was denied investment tax credit on its grading and
assembling equipment and the equipment used to operate the atmosphere controlled storage rooms
because such equipment was principally used in the marketing and sale of fresh apples. The
petitioner's activities in grading, assembling, storing and cleaning apples to be sold as fresh did not
constitute the production of goods by processing within the meaning of section 210.12(b) of the Tax
Law. The apples sold were not significantly different than the tree-run apples received by the
petitioner.
Herein, Petitioner imports live flower bulbs in bare root condition. Petitioner sorts the bulbs
to discard non-live bulbs and repacks the rest in point of sale display packages or flower pots to be
sold to wholesalers. The package is placed in a special horticulture medium to ensure retail shelf life
of the bulbs and are stored in cold storage units until shipped. Petitioner's activities are similar to the
activities described in the Matter of J. H. Wattles, Inc., supra and Matter of Dobbins & Ramage, Inc.,
supra, and Petitioner's packaging and storage activities do not constitute the production of goods by
processing or assembling within the meaning of section 210.12(b) of the Tax Law. The bulbs sold
are not significantly different than the imported bulbs.
Accordingly, since Petitioner's building is not principally used in the production of goods
within the meaning of section 210.12(b) of the Tax Law and section 5-2.2 of the Business
Corporation Franchise Tax Regulations, such building is not "qualified property" within the meaning
of such sections. Therefore, Petitioner is not allowed an investment tax credit under section 210.12
of the Tax Law for its new building used as described herein.
DATED: September 26, 1995
NOTE:
s/PAUL B. COBURN
Deputy Director
Taxpayer Services Division
The opinions expressed in Advisory Opinions
are limited to the facts set forth therein.