NY TSB-A-16(9)S Sales Tax 2016-03-18

Is a service contract covering both computer hardware and software subject to New York sales tax?

Short answer: Yes - the whole contract is taxable unless the software part is broken out. Maintaining, servicing and repairing computer hardware (tangible personal property) is a taxable service, and buying a maintenance or service contract is itself a taxable transaction. Services to computer software, by contrast, are exempt. But when one contract covers both - here, both hardware and software repairs - the entire charge is taxable unless the charge for the exempt software services is reasonable and separately stated on the invoice or other statement of price given to the customer. If the software-service charge is not separately stated, tax applies to the full contract price; if it is reasonably and separately stated, that software portion is exempt while the hardware portion remains taxable.

Disclaimer: This is an official New York State Department of Taxation and Finance Advisory Opinion (TSB-A), issued by the Office of Counsel at a taxpayer's request. It is limited to the facts set forth in it and binds the Department only with respect to the petitioner to whom it was issued, and only if that petitioner fully and accurately described all relevant facts; another taxpayer cannot rely on it. It reflects the law, regulations, and Department policy in effect when issued and may since have changed. Taxpayer-identifying details are redacted. New York State and local sales taxes are administered centrally by the Department. This summary is informational only and is not legal or tax advice. Consult a licensed New York tax professional about your specific situation.

About this page: The plain-English summary, reader guidance, and Q&A below were written by Ezel based on the official state tax ruling. The original ruling (linked at the bottom of this page, or PDF in the sidebar) is the authoritative source for any reliance.

View original ruling (PDF)

Plain-English summary

A company offers a service contract covering both computer hardware and software (for new and used products), handling mechanical/electrical failures via phone diagnosis and on-site or mail-in repair. It asked whether the contract is subject to sales tax.

The Office of Counsel concluded the contract is taxable in its entirety unless the software-service charge is reasonable and separately stated:

Hardware service is taxable. Maintaining, servicing and repairing tangible personal property — including computer hardware — is a taxable service (Tax Law section 1105(c)(3); 20 NYCRR 527.5). Buying a maintenance or service contract is itself a taxable transaction.
Software service is exempt. Tax Law section 1115(o) exempts charges for installing, maintaining, servicing or repairing computer software.
Mixed contract → whole thing taxable unless software is broken out. When one agreement covers both hardware and software, the entire charge is taxable unless the charge for the exempt software services is reasonable and separately stated on the invoice or other statement of price given to the customer (Tax Law section 1115(o); 20 NYCRR 527.1(b); citing TSB-A-98(27)S, TSB-A-98(73)S). If it is not separately stated, the full contract price is taxed; if it is, the software portion is exempt and the hardware portion remains taxable.

What this means for you

Separately state the software service or lose the exemption

A service plan that bundles hardware and software support is fully taxable by default. To keep the software-service exemption (Tax Law section 1115(o)), you must show a reasonable, separately stated charge for the software services on the invoice or contract. Lump everything into one price and the whole plan is taxed.

Service/maintenance contracts are taxable purchases

Buying a maintenance or service contract for hardware is itself a taxable transaction — not just the individual repairs.

Common questions

Q: Software service is exempt — why is my contract fully taxable?
A: Because it also covers hardware (taxable), and the exempt software portion is not separately stated. New York taxes the full price of a bundled taxable/exempt charge unless the exempt part is reasonably and separately stated.

Q: How do I make the software part exempt?
A: Separately state a reasonable charge for the software services on the invoice or statement of price. Then that portion is exempt while the hardware portion stays taxable.

Q: Is a hardware-only service contract taxable?
A: Yes — maintaining/servicing/repairing hardware is taxable, and the service contract itself is a taxable transaction.

Q: Can I rely on this opinion?
A: It binds the Department only as to the petitioner. Use it as guidance and confirm your own facts.

Citations and references

Tax Law section 1105(c)(3) (installing, maintaining, servicing, repairing tangible personal property)
Tax Law section 1115(o) (services to computer software exempt if reasonable and separately stated)
20 NYCRR 527.5 (maintenance and service contracts)
20 NYCRR 527.1(b) (single unit of taxable and exempt items taxed on total price)

Source

Landing page: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/advisory_opinions/sales_ao_2016.htm
Opinion: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/advisory_opinions/sales/a16_9s.pdf

Original ruling text

New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

TSB-A-16(9)S
Sales Tax
March 18, 2016

Office of Counsel
STATE OF NEW YORK
COMMISSIONER OF TAXATION AND FINANCE
ADVISORY OPINION

PETITION NO. S140224B

The Department of Taxation and Finance (“the Department”) received a Petition for
Advisory Opinion from REDACTEDREDACTEDREDACTED (hereinafter “Petitioner”).
Petitioner asks whether the service contract it provides for new and used computer hardware and
software products (the “Service Contract”) is subject to sales tax.
We conclude that Petitioner’s Service Contract is subject to sales tax in its entirety unless
the charge for the exempt software services is reasonable and separately stated on an invoice or
other statement of price given to the purchaser, in which case the charge for that portion of the
service is tax exempt.
Facts
Petitioner offers services for the installation and repair of computer products. Petitioner
offers the Service Contract for “new products” and “used products” as defined therein. Under
the Service Contract, Petitioner is the Obligor and the Provider/Administrator is a third party.
The Service Contract covers a customer’s eligible product for mechanical and electrical failures
that occur during normal use and operation in accordance with the manufacturer’s written
specifications.
To use the services provided by the Service Contract, a customer calls the toll free
number listed on the Service Contract. The Administrator may perform a telephone diagnosis of
the product failure. If the product is deemed defective, the Administrator advises the customer
about the procedures for obtaining service for the product. The support services are performed at
the customer’s location or by mailing the product to an authorized service center.
Hardware technical support is limited to the proper configuration and operation of the
hardware components. Technical support for software is limited to the proper operation of the
manufacturer approved and pre-installed operating system and application software. The Service
Contract does not cover virus related issues, customer installed software, customized software
applications and hardware components installed after the original purchase date.
Analysis

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TSB-A-16(9)S
Sales Tax
March 18, 2016

Tax Law § 1105(c) imposes tax upon the receipts from every sale, except for resale, of
certain enumerated services. Included in these services are the installing, maintaining, servicing,
and repairing of tangible personal property, whether or not any tangible personal property is
transferred in conjunction with the service. See Tax Law § 1105(c)(3); 20 NYCRR § 527.5(a).
“Maintaining, servicing and repairing” includes all activities involved in keeping tangible
personal property fit, efficient, or ready or restoring it to such condition. See 20 NYCRR §
527.5(a)(3). “The purchase of a maintenance or service contract is a taxable transaction.” 20
NYCRR § 527.5(c)(1).
Pursuant to Tax Law § 1105(c)(3), charges for maintaining, servicing and repairing
computer hardware are subject to sales tax. See TSB-A-98(27)S. Unlike services to computer
hardware, Tax Law § 1115(o) provides a tax exemption for charges for installing, maintaining,
servicing, or repairing computer software. See TSB-A-98(27)S. However, such services will be
exempt when provided in conjunction with the sale of tangible personal property, such as
prewritten software and/or hardware, only if the charges for services to the computer software
are reasonable and separately stated on an invoice or other statement of the price given to the
purchaser. Tax Law § 1115(o); See TSB-A-98(27)S. “When tangible personal property,
composed of taxable and exempt items is sold as a single unit, the tax shall be collected on the
total price.” 20 NYCRR § 527.1(b).
Where a computer systems vendor sells a maintenance agreement to provide, among
other things, telephone support and on-site training and repairs to a customer’s computer
hardware and prewritten software, the portion of the cost of the agreement allocated to repair or
maintenance of the computer system hardware is taxable. See TSB-A-98(27)S; TSB-A-98(73)S.
However, the portion of the cost attributed to repairs and maintenance of the prewritten software
is exempt, if the cost is reasonable and separately stated in the written agreement and the
customer invoice. See id. If the charge for the service of software is not separately stated on the
maintenance agreement, the charge for the entire maintenance agreement is subject to tax. See id.
Here, where Petitioner provides a Service Contract for both hardware and software
repairs, the charge for the Service Contract is subject to tax in its entirety unless the charge for
the exempt software services is reasonable and separately stated on an invoice or other statement
of the price given to the purchaser.

DATED: March 18, 2016

NOTE:

/S/
DEBORAH R. LIEBMAN
Deputy Counsel

An Advisory Opinion is issued at the request of a person or entity. It is limited to the
facts set forth therein and is binding on the Department only with respect to the

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TSB-A-16(9)S
Sales Tax
March 18, 2016

person or entity to whom it is issued and only if the person or entity fully and
accurately describes all relevant facts. An Advisory Opinion is based on the law,
regulations, and Department policies in effect as of the date the Opinion is issued or
for the specific time period at issue in the Opinion. The information provided in this
document does not cover every situation and is not intended to replace the law or
change its meaning.