Can an Empire Zone business claim QEZE sales-tax exemptions for purchases made before it got its QEZE certification?

Plain-English summary

The petitioner was certified as an Empire Zone business under Article 18-B of the General Municipal Law. It asked whether it could claim the QEZE sales-tax exemptions (Tax Law 1115(z)) for purchases it made in 2006-2009, before it had applied for and received its QEZE certification from the Tax Department.

The Office of Counsel concluded: no.

• Two certifications are required. Being certified as an Empire Zone business under the General Municipal Law is only step one. To actually claim the QEZE sales-tax benefits, the business must also apply for and obtain a QEZE Sales Tax Certification (Form DTF-81) from the Department of Taxation and Finance (Tax Law 14(h); TSB-M-01(1)S; TSB-M-02(5)S). The exemption certificate it gives vendors must carry its QEZE certification number.
• It's a condition precedent, not a formality. The DTF-81 isn't a "mere ministerial act." The statutorily fixed 120-month sales-tax benefit period begins running from the DTF-81 effective date -- the certification controls when the benefit starts (Tax Law 14(a)(2)).
• No retroactivity. Purchases made before the benefit period begins are not eligible for the former up-front exemption (1115(z)) -- which, effective September 1, 2009, was repealed and replaced by a refund/credit under Tax Law 1119(d) (QEZEs now pay tax up front and claim refunds; TSB-M-09(12)S).
• Liability stands regardless. Any exemption documents the petitioner gave vendors before it had its DTF-81 were not properly issued. It's liable for the sales tax it failed to pay on those earlier purchases -- whether or not it handed vendors exemption certificates or knew it needed the certification.

What this means for you

Empire Zone / QEZE businesses (and incentive programs generally)

A program certification that makes you eligible isn't the same as the tax certificate that lets you claim the benefit. For QEZE, the Form DTF-81 from the Tax Department is the trigger -- the benefit clock starts there and there's no retroactive credit for purchases made before it. Don't issue exemption certificates to vendors until you hold the DTF-81, or you'll owe the tax later (good faith and ignorance don't excuse it). Since 9/1/2009 the benefit is a refund/credit (pay first, claim back), not an up-front exemption.

The general lesson

With statutory tax incentives, identify the exact certificate and effective date that start your benefit window, and don't claim exemptions before that date.

Common questions

Q: I'm a certified Empire Zone business -- can I buy exempt right away?
A: No. You must also obtain a QEZE Sales Tax Certification (Form DTF-81) from the Tax Department. Until then you can't claim the sales-tax benefit.

Q: Can I get the benefit retroactively for earlier purchases?
A: No. The 120-month benefit period runs from the DTF-81 effective date; purchases before it aren't eligible, and you're liable for the tax.

Q: I gave vendors exemption certificates not knowing I needed the DTF-81 -- am I off the hook?
A: No. Those certificates weren't properly issued, and you're liable for the unpaid tax regardless of good faith or lack of knowledge.

Citations and references

• Tax Law section 1115(z) (former up-front QEZE sales tax exemption)
• Tax Law section 14(h) (QEZE sales tax certification requirement)
• Tax Law section 14(a)(2) (QEZE benefit period)
• Tax Law section 1119(d) (QEZE refund/credit, effective 9/1/2009)
• TSB-M-01(1)S / TSB-M-02(5)S (QEZE exemptions)
• TSB-M-09(12)S (changes to QEZE program effective 9/1/2009)

Source

• Landing page: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/advisory_opinions/sales_ao_2010.htm
• Opinion: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/advisory_opinions/sales/a10_33s.pdf

Original ruling text

New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

Office of Counsel
Advisory Opinion Unit

TSB-A-10(33)S
Sales Tax
July 29, 2010

STATE OF NEW YORK
COMMISSIONER OF TAXATION AND FINANCE
ADVISORY OPINION

PETITION NO. S100506A

Petitioner, name and address redacted an entity certified pursuant to the provisions of Article 18-B
of the General Municipal Law as an Empire Zone business asks whether it was eligible to claim exemptions
from the sales and use tax under section 1115(z) of the Tax Law on purchases it made from March 2006
through February 2009 prior to applying for and receiving a Qualified Empire Zone Enterprise (QEZE)
Certification from the Department of Taxation and Finance.
We conclude that a business, though certified as an Empire Zone business pursuant to the
provisions of the General Municipal Law, was not entitled to exemptions from the sales and use tax until it
had applied for and received from the Department of Taxation and Finance a QEZE sales tax certification
pursuant to the Tax Law.
Facts
Petitioner was certified as an Empire Zone business pursuant to Article 18-B of the General
Municipal Law effective June 15, 2002. It also appears that sometime in 2009, pursuant to amendments to
the law requiring the Department of Economic Development to review the status of businesses participating
in the Empire Zones Program, Petitioner was deemed eligible to continue as an Empire Zone business and
received an Empire Zone Retention Certificate (EZRC). Petitioner has not shown that it had complied with
the requirements of Tax Law section 14(h) and filed for and received a certification as a QEZE from the
Department of Taxation and Finance so as to be eligible to claim the exemptions from sales tax provided in
section 1115(z) of the Tax Law on purchases it made during 2006-2009. Petitioner asserts that it was not
aware that it was required to file for and receive a QEZE sales tax certification from the Department of
Taxation and Finance prior to its being entitled to the benefits of the sales tax exemptions provided in Tax
Law section 1115(z).
Analysis
Effective March 1, 2001, the Empire Zone program provided exemptions (see Tax Law section
1115(z)) from sales taxes for businesses that were certified under Article 18-B of the General Municipal
Law as Empire Zone businesses. The sales tax exemption provided in Tax Law section 1115(z) applied to
purchases of certain property and services used or consumed by the business within a zone in which it is
certified. The exemptions authorized in section 1115(z) could be obtained at the time of purchase.
However, Tax Law section 14(h) and section 1115(z) required that before an entity which had been
certified as an Empire Zone business pursuant to Article 18-B of the General Municipal Law could avail
itself of the sales tax exemptions, it was required to additionally file for and obtain a QEZE sales tax
certification (Form DTF-81) from the Department of Taxation and Finance. (See TSB-M-01(1)S, Qualified
Empire Zone Enterprise (QEZE) Exemptions (Articles 28 and 29), January 16, 2001 and TSB-M-02(5)S,
Qualified Empire Zone Enterprise (QEZE) Exemptions (Articles 28 and 29), July 24, 2002). To confirm
the exempt status of its purchases, the QEZE purchaser was required to present its sellers with an

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TSB-A-10(33)S
Sales Tax
July 29, 2010

exemption certificate. The applicable exemption certificate has always required that the QEZE purchaser
include its QEZE certification number issued by the Department of Taxation and Finance.
Effective September 1, 2009, the up-front exemption from sales and use taxes (Tax Law section
1115(z)) was repealed and replaced with a provision (Tax Law section 1119(d)) authorizing a refund or
credit of the sales tax paid on purchases of goods and services by the QEZE. Thus, all QEZEs must
(commencing September 1, 2009) pay the tax at the time of purchase and subsequently file claims for
refund or credit of taxes paid on qualified purchases.
TSB-M-09(12)S, Changes to Qualified Empire Zone Enterprise (QEZE) Program (Articles 28 and
29)- Effective Septermber 1, 2009, July 23, 2009, in explaining the provisions of Tax Law section 14(a)(2)
as amended by Chapter 57 of the Laws of 2009, in pertinent part provides:
•
A business enterprise's eligibility for the refund or credit provided by new section 1119(d)
depends on when the business enterprise is certified by ESD and whether or not it has been issued
Form DTF-81, Qualified Empire Zone Enterprise (QEZE) Sales Tax Certification, by the Tax
Department:
•
A business enterprise certified by ESD before April 1, 2009, that has already been issued
Form DTF-81 is eligible for a refund or credit of tax paid on or after September 1, 2009, on
qualifying purchases after it receives its EZRC from ESD. The sales tax benefit period for the
business is unaffected and continues to run for 120 months from the effective date on Form
DTF-81. The business must pass the employment test for the tax year in which a refund or credit is
claimed.
•
A business enterprise certified by ESD before April 1, 2009, that has received an EZRC
but has not yet applied for Form DTF-81 is eligible for a refund or credit after it has filed the
appropriate QEZE application (see Forms DTF-82, DTF-83, and DTF-84) and received Form
DTF-81 from the Tax Department. QEZE sales tax benefits are not retroactive; the benefit period is
120 months from the effective date on Form DTF-81. The business must pass the employment test
for the tax year in which a refund or credit is claimed.
Thus, as noted, the sales tax QEZE benefit is not retroactive and the 120-month tax benefit period
for which it may be applicable (subject to certain limitations and qualifications) commences with the period
in which the certification by the Department of Taxation and Finance is granted. (See Tax Law section
14(a)(2) and TSB-M-09(12)S, supra.)
The requirement that Petitioner file for and obtain a certificate from the Department of Taxation
and Finance was not a mere ministerial act but rather was a condition precedent to Petitioner’s entitlement
to the exemptions from sales tax for QEZEs provided pursuant to section 1115(z) of the Tax Law.
This is demonstrated by the following:
•
The statutory requirement to file for a separate certificate from the Department of Taxation
and Finance, which filing and the certificate’s issuance dictate the commencement and running of
the statutorily designated 120 consecutive months for the sales tax benefit period.

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TSB-A-10(33)S
Sales Tax
July 29, 2010

•
The Department’s administrative requirements (see TSB-M-02(5)S, supra) that the ID
number as provided on the certificate was required for the purchaser’s issuance of the QEZE
exemption document to sellers.
•
Tax Law section 14(a)(2), as amended by Ch. 57 of the Laws of 2009, provided that the
sales tax benefit period for business enterprises certified pursuant to Article 18-B of the General
Municipal Law prior to April 1, 2009 remained based upon the date of the issuance of the
Department of Taxation and Finance QEZE sales tax certification, while providing that the benefit
periods for newly certified businesses (April 1, 2009, and later) are determined by the effective
date of their certification pursuant to the General Municipal Law alone.
Accordingly, any QEZE exemption documents provided by Petitioner to vendors would not have
been properly issued. No purchases by Petitioner prior to the establishment of the commencement of its
sales tax benefit period as determined by the date of its certification (DTF-81) issued by the Department of
Taxation and Finance are eligible for the exemptions formerly provided in Tax Law section 1115(z) or the
refunds and credits currently provided in Tax Law section 1119(d). Regardless of whether Petitioner
provided QEZE exemption documents to vendors or knew that it needed a Department QEZE sales tax
certification, Petitioner is liable for sales taxes Petitioner failed to pay on its purchases prior to the
commencement of its sales tax benefit period as established by statute.

DATED: July 29, 2010

NOTE:

/S/
Jonathan Pessen
Director of Advisory Opinions
Office of Counsel
An Advisory Opinion is issued at the request of a person or entity. It is limited to
the facts set forth therein and is binding on the Department only with respect to the
person or entity to whom it is issued and only if the person or entity fully and
accurately describes all relevant facts. An Advisory Opinion is based on the law,
regulations, and Department policies in effect as of the date the Opinion is issued
or for the specific time period at issue in the Opinion.