Is a VEBA subject to New York's Article 13 tax on unrelated business income because it received and invested insurance demutualization proceeds?

Plain-English summary

Metropolitan Life Insurance Company asked whether a voluntary employees' beneficiary association (VEBA) is subject to New York's Article 13 tax (section 290) on unrelated business taxable income because it (1) received demutualization proceeds and (2) invested those proceeds and earned investment income.

The Department held the VEBA is not subject to Article 13:

• For federal purposes, a VEBA has unrelated business taxable income under IRC section 512(a)(3) (because its income beyond permitted set-asides is UBTI).
• But the VEBA is not regularly carrying on an unrelated trade or business under IRC section 513.
• Article 13 (section 290) imposes tax only when a section 511 organization or trust is carrying on an unrelated trade or business in New York.
• Therefore the receipt of demutualization proceeds (Issue 1) and the investment of those proceeds and the resulting income (Issue 2) do not constitute carrying on an unrelated trade or business and do not create a taxable status under Article 13. (Issue 3, on apportionment, was moot.)

What this means for you

Federal UBTI does not automatically mean New York Article 13 tax

A VEBA can have unrelated business taxable income under section 512(a)(3) yet still not owe New York's Article 13 tax. Article 13 turns on whether the organization is carrying on an unrelated trade or business (section 513), which is a different test.

Receiving and investing windfalls is not a "trade or business"

The VEBA's receipt of demutualization proceeds and its investment of them were not the regular conduct of an unrelated trade or business, so they created no taxable status under Article 13.

Watch the section 513 line

The key for New York exempt-organization tax is whether there is a regularly carried-on unrelated trade or business, not merely the presence of UBTI on the federal return.

Common questions

Q: Does a VEBA owe New York Article 13 tax on demutualization proceeds?
A: No. Receiving the proceeds is not carrying on an unrelated trade or business, so it creates no Article 13 taxable status.

Q: What about investing the proceeds and earning income?
A: That also is not carrying on an unrelated trade or business, so it does not create Article 13 liability.

Q: Doesn't the VEBA have federal unrelated business taxable income?
A: Yes, under section 512(a)(3), but it is not regularly carrying on an unrelated trade or business under section 513, which is what Article 13 requires.

Citations and references

Statutes, regulations, and authorities:
- Tax Law section 290 (Article 13 tax on unrelated business taxable income)
- Internal Revenue Code section 511 (tax on unrelated business income)
- Internal Revenue Code section 512(a)(3) (VEBA unrelated business taxable income)
- Internal Revenue Code section 513 (unrelated trade or business)
- Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, TSB-A-02(9)C (June 25, 2002)

Source

• Landing page: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/advisory_opinions/corporation_ao_2002.htm
• Opinion: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/advisory_opinions/corporation/a02_9c.pdf

Original ruling text

New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

Office of Tax Policy Analysis
Technical Services Division

TSB-A-02(9)C
Corporation Tax
June 25, 2002

STATE OF NEW YORK
COMMISSIONER OF TAXATION AND FINANCE
ADVISORY OPINION

PETITION NO. C011107A

On November 7, 2001, a Petition for Advisory Opinion was received from Metropolitan Life
Insurance Company, One Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010.
The issues raised by Petitioner, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, are:
1. Whether a voluntary employees’ beneficiary association (“VEBA”) is carrying on an
unrelated trade or business in New York and, thus, is subject to the tax imposed under
Article 13 of the Tax Law on its unrelated business taxable income, because it received
demutualization proceeds.
2. Whether the VEBA is carrying on an unrelated trade or business in New York and, thus,
is subject to the tax imposed under Article 13 of the Tax Law on its unrelated business
income, because it invested the demutualization proceeds and received income generated by
such investment activity.
3. Assuming it is concluded that the VEBA is carrying on an unrelated trade or business in
New York under either Issue 1 or 2, whether sufficient facts exist for the Commissioner to
make a discretionary adjustment to the statutory apportionment formula to properly reflect
the VEBA’s income in New York.
Petitioner submits the following facts as the basis for this Advisory Opinion.
Petitioner is a life insurance corporation doing business in New York. Petitioner established
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and Participating Affiliates Voluntary Employees’
Beneficiary Association Trust, (the VEBA), for the purpose of providing medical benefits to current
and future retired employees of Petitioner. The benefits are partially funded through a life insurance
policy issued by Petitioner to the VEBA. The VEBA is described in section 501(c)(9) of the Internal
Revenue Code (“IRC”), and is exempt from federal income tax pursuant to section 501(a) of the
IRC, except with respect to its unrelated business income.
Recently, Petitioner ceased being a mutual corporation and now operates as a stock
corporation. As a result of the demutualization, the VEBA, as a policyholder, was entitled to receive
demutualization proceeds in cash or a stock interest. An independent fiduciary appointed by
Petitioner to make decisions on behalf of the employee medical plan opted to receive cash. The
assets of the VEBA, prior to the demutualization, were in excess of the account limit under section
419A of the IRC. As a result, the VEBA is subject to the tax on unrelated business income imposed

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under section 512(a)(3)(B) of the IRC to the extent it receives taxable investment income from those
assets.
Petitioner states that the VEBA’s taxability under section 512(a)(3)(B) of the IRC is not as
a result of its regularly carrying on an unrelated trade or business.
Discussion
Section 290(a) of Article 13 of the Tax Law provides that for every taxable year or part
thereof, every organization described in section 511(a)(2) of the IRC and every trust described in
section 511(b)(2) of the IRC carrying on an unrelated trade or business in New York shall pay a tax
at the rate of nine percent on its unrelated business taxable income for such year, or portion thereof
allocated to New York State, or two hundred fifty dollars, whichever is greater.
Section 511(a)(1) of the IRC imposes a tax on the unrelated business taxable income of
charitable, etc., organizations described in section 511(a)(2) of the IRC. Section 511(a)(2) of the
IRC provides that the tax imposed under section 511(a)(1) of the IRC “shall apply in the case of any
organization (other than a trust described in subsection (b) or an organization described in section
501(c)(1)) which is exempt, except as provided in this part or part II (relating to private
foundations), from taxation under this subtitle by reason of section 501(a).”
Section 511(b)(1) of the IRC imposes a tax on the unrelated business taxable income of
charitable, etc., trusts described in section 511(b)(2) of the IRC. Section 511(b)(2) of the IRC
provides that the tax imposed under section 511(b)(1) of the IRC “shall apply in the case of any trust
which is exempt, except as provided in this part or part II (relating to private foundations), from
taxation under this subtitle by reason of section 501(a) and which, if it were not for such exemption,
would be subject to subchapter J (sec.641 and following, relating to estates, trusts, beneficiaries, and
decedents).”
Article 13 of the Tax Law does not define an “unrelated trade or business”, but section
291(a) of the Tax Law provides that any term used in Article 13 shall have the same meaning as
when used in a comparable context in the IRC, unless a different meaning is clearly required.
Section 513(a) of the IRC provides the following general rule with respect to an unrelated
trade or business:
[t]he term “unrelated trade or business” means, in the case of any
organization subject to the tax imposed by section 511, any trade or business the
conduct of which is not substantially related (aside from the need of such
organization for income or funds or the use it makes of the profits derived) to the
exercise or performance by such organization of its charitable, educational, or other
purpose or function constituting the basis for its exemption under section 501 (or, in

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Corporation Tax
June 25, 2002

the case of an organization described in section 511(a)(2)(B), to the exercise or
performance of any purpose or function described in section 501(c)(3)), except that
such term does not include any trade or business –
(1) in which substantially all the work in carrying on such trade or business
is performed for the organization without compensation; or
(2) which is carried on, in the case of an organization described in section
501(c)(3) or in the case of a college or university described in section 511(a)(2)(B),
by the organization primarily for the convenience of its members, students, patients,
officers, or employees, or, in the case of a local association of employees described
in section 501(c)(4) organized before May 27, 1969, which is the selling by the
organization of items of work-related clothes and equipment and items normally sold
through vending machines, through food dispensing facilities, or by snack bars, for
the convenience of its members at their usual places of employment; or
(3) which is the selling of merchandise, substantially all of which has been
received by the organization as gifts or contributions.
Section 512(a)(1) of the IRC provides that:
[e]xcept as otherwise provided in this subsection, the term “unrelated
business taxable income” means the gross income derived by any organization from
any unrelated trade or business (as defined in section 513) regularly carried on by it,
less the deductions allowed by this chapter which are directly connected with the
carrying on of such trade or business, both computed with the modifications provided
in subsection (b).
However, section 512(a)(3) of the IRC provides special rules that are applicable, in part, to
organizations described in section 501(c)(9) of the IRC. Pursuant to section 512(a)(3)(A) of the
IRC, the “unrelated business taxable income” of a VEBA means the “gross income (excluding any
exempt function income), less the deductions allowed by this chapter which are directly connected
with the production of the gross income (excluding exempt function income), both computed with
the modifications provided in paragraphs (6),(10), (11), and (12) of subsection (b).”
Section 512(a)(3)(B) of the IRC provides that:
[f]or purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “exempt function income”
means the gross income from dues, fees, charges, or similar amounts paid by
members of the organization as consideration for providing such members or their
dependents or guests goods, facilities, or services in furtherance of the purposes
constituting the basis of the exemption of the organization to which such income is

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paid. Such term also means all income (other than an amount equal to the gross
income derived from any unrelated trade or business regularly carried on by such
organization computed as if the organization were subject to paragraph (1) [of
section 512(a)]), which is set aside —
(i) for a purpose specified in section 170(c)(4), or
(ii) in the case of an organization described in paragraph (9) ... of section
501(c), to provide for the payment of life, sick, accident, or other benefits,
including reasonable costs of administration directly connected with a
purpose described in clause (i) or (ii). If during the taxable year, an amount which
is attributable to income so set aside is used for a purpose other than that described
in clause (i) or (ii), such amount shall be included, under subparagraph (A), in
unrelated business taxable income for the taxable year.
Section 512(a)(3)(E)(i) of the IRC provides that:
[i]n the case of any organization described in paragraph (9) ... of section
501(c), a set-aside for any purpose specified in clause (ii) of subparagraph (B) may
be taken into account under subparagraph (B) only to the extent that such set-aside
does not result in an amount of assets set aside for such purpose in excess of the
account limit determined under section 419A (without regard to subsection (f)(6)
thereof) for the taxable year (not taking into account any reserve described in section
419A(c)(2)(A) for post-retirement medical benefits).
In this case, for federal income tax purposes, the VEBA is an organization that is described
in sections 501(c)(9) and 511(a)(2) of the IRC. The VEBA is exempt from federal income tax
pursuant to section 501(a) of the IRC, except with respect to any unrelated business taxable income
determined pursuant to section 512(a)(3)(B) and (E) of the IRC. Petitioner states that the VEBA is
not carrying on an unrelated trade or business as described in section 513(a) of the IRC. However,
the assets of the VEBA prior to the demutualization were in excess of the account limit under section
419A of the IRC. Therefore, pursuant to section 512(a)(3)(B) and (E) of the IRC, the VEBA has
unrelated business taxable income, and the VEBA is subject to the tax imposed under section 511
of the IRC to the extent that it receives taxable investment income from those assets.
Even though the VEBA has unrelated business taxable income under section 512 of the IRC,
the VEBA is not regularly carrying on an unrelated trade or business as described in section 513 of
the IRC. Accordingly, the VEBA is not carrying on an unrelated trade or business for purposes of
section 290 of Article 13 of the Tax Law.

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Corporation Tax
June 25, 2002

With respect to Issue 1, Article 13 of the Tax Law imposes, pursuant to section 290(a) of the
Tax Law, a tax for every taxable year that an organization described in section 511(a)(2) of the IRC
or a trust described in section 511(b)(2) of the IRC is carrying on an unrelated trade or business in
New York. The receipt of demutualization proceeds by the VEBA does not constitute the carrying
on of an unrelated trade or business in New York pursuant to section 290 of the Tax Law.
Therefore, such receipt does not create a taxable status for the VEBA for purposes of Article 13 of
the Tax Law.
Likewise, with respect to Issue 2, the investment of the demutualization proceeds and the
income generated by such investment does not constitute the carrying on of an unrelated trade or
business in New York pursuant to section 290 of the Tax Law, and , therefore, the investment of the
proceeds and the income that is generated does not create a taxable status for the VEBA for purposes
of Article 13 of the Tax Law.
Based on the conclusions of Issues 1 and 2, Issue 3 is moot.

DATED: June 25, 2002

NOTE:

/s/
Jonathan Pessen
Tax Regulations Specialist IV
Technical Services Division

The opinions expressed in Advisory Opinions are
limited to the facts set forth therein.