Georgia: Residential Lease Execution Formalities

Requirements one by one

Writing threshold

Georgia Code § 44-7-2(a) expressly permits a landlord-tenant contract “for any
time not exceeding one year” to be oral. Beyond that line, § 13-5-30(a) requires
a writing signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or a lawfully
authorized signer for an agreement concerning land or one that cannot be
performed within one year after making.

These statutes answer different timing questions. Section 44-7-2(a) states the
lease-specific one-year oral rule; § 13-5-30(a)(5) separately covers agreements
that cannot be completed within one year from the date they are made.

Required signatures and authority

Section 13-5-30 uses the “party to be charged” formulation. It does not say that
both parties' signatures are required for every claim, although a two-sided
written lease ordinarily provides both.

When an agent signs a written-required lease, § 10-6-2 adds a form rule: when
the agency is exercised by written instrument, the agency must also be created
by written instrument. The same section treats the written authority as
authorizing formalities needed to accomplish the agency's stated purpose unless
the instrument expresses a contrary intent.

Witness, acknowledgment, and notary

The ordinary validity rules in §§ 13-5-30 and 44-7-2 require a signed writing
above the one-year line but do not require witnesses, acknowledgment, or a
notary merely to bind landlord and tenant.

Recording is different. Section 44-2-9 allows a lease or usufruct to be recorded
only when executed with deed formality. The current deed rule in § 44-5-30 calls
for the maker's signature, attestation by an officer listed in § 44-2-15, and
one additional witness. A notary is one permitted officer, not the only choice.

Electronic execution

Georgia's electronic-transactions chapter applies to transaction records and
signatures outside its listed exclusions. Under § 10-12-5, it applies only when
both parties agree to conduct the transaction electronically. Section 10-12-7
then makes an electronic record and signature satisfy legal writing and
signature requirements.

Required electronic delivery must remain usable. Section 10-12-8 requires a
record the recipient can retain when received; if the sender blocks printing or
storage, the record is not enforceable against the recipient. Sections
10-12-11 and 10-12-12 address electronic notarization and record retention.

Required copy or written statement

The current ordinary landlord-tenant provisions in Chapter 44-7 contain no
general deadline to give a tenant an executed or countersigned lease copy.
Section 44-7-3 imposes a narrower written-information duty instead.

At or before the tenancy begins, the landlord or authorized contracting person
must disclose the name and address of the owner of record or service agent and
the person authorized to manage the premises. A change must be given in writing
or posted conspicuously within 30 days.

Renewal, modification, and term form

Section 13-5-30(b) expressly covers later changes to an agreement within the
statute of frauds. An agreement to modify, cancel, revoke, release, or rescind
the covered lease must be written and signed by all parties.

The subsection contains a narrow statutory proviso: if the party against whom
the change is asserted admits in court that the agreement was made, the change
may be enforceable if otherwise valid. That is different from treating every
oral renewal or surrender as effective.

Recording and third-party effect

Georgia sets no minimum lease term for this recording route. Under § 44-2-9, a
lease, usufruct, or assignment executed with deed formalities may be recorded in
the county where the property is located. Filing gives notice of the stated
interests from the filing date.

Sections 44-2-14 and 44-5-30 supply the paper execution requirements. Section
44-2-37 separately permits compliant electronic documents, signatures, and
electronic acts satisfying notarization, acknowledgment, or witness conditions
for recording.

Effect of noncompliance

Section 13-5-30 says the covered obligation is not binding on the promisor
without the required writing and signature. Its subsection (b) applies the
written-and-all-parties-signed rule to a covered modification, cancellation,
release, or rescission, subject to its court-admission proviso.

Section 44-7-3 supplies a different consequence for missing owner and manager
information. The person who entered the rental agreement becomes the owner's or
landlord's agent for process, notices, landlord obligations, and use of collected
rent to fulfill those obligations. A lease that does not meet §§ 44-2-9,
44-2-14, and 44-5-30 does not obtain the statute's record-notice effect.

What trips people up

One year and five years answer different questions. Section 44-7-2 permits
an oral lease through one year. Section 44-7-1's separate five-year line
classifies shorter leases as usufructs unless the contract says otherwise; it
does not extend the oral-lease threshold to five years.

Recording adds witnesses that ordinary validity does not. A lease can meet
the party-to-party signed-writing rule without an officer and extra witness.
Those deed formalities become relevant when the parties want the filing notice
described in § 44-2-9.

The written owner disclosure is not a lease-copy rule. Section 44-7-3
requires names and addresses at the start of the tenancy and after changes. It
does not set a deadline for delivery of a fully executed lease copy.

Common questions

Can a Georgia residential lease for exactly one year be oral? Yes. Section
44-7-2(a) says a landlord-tenant contract for a time not exceeding one year may
be oral.

Must both sides sign a longer lease? Section 13-5-30(a) requires the
signature of the party to be charged or an authorized signer. But a later
covered modification under subsection (b) must be written and signed by all
parties, subject to the subsection's court-admission proviso.

Can Georgia record an electronic lease? Section 44-2-37 recognizes a
compliant electronic document and signature for recording and permits an
authorized person's electronic signature to satisfy an acknowledgment or
witness condition when the other legal information is included.

Statutes and sources

• O.C.G.A. §§ 44-7-1 to -2; § 44-7-3(a)–(b) — lease classification, the
  one-year oral rule, and written owner and manager information.
  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicourt/cic-code-ga/master/transforms/ga/ocga/r86/gov.ga.ocga.title.44.html
  (accessed 2026-07-29)
• O.C.G.A. § 13-5-30(a)(4)–(5), (b) — signed-writing rule, covered land
  and one-year agreements, and the form for changes, cancellations, releases,
  and rescissions.
  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicourt/cic-code-ga/master/transforms/ga/ocga/r86/gov.ga.ocga.title.13.html
  (accessed 2026-07-29)
• O.C.G.A. § 10-6-2; §§ 10-12-3(a)–(d), 10-12-5(b), 10-12-7(c)–(d),
  10-12-8(a), (c); §§ 10-12-11, 10-12-12(a) — written agent authority,
  electronic consent, electronic writing/signature, retainable delivery,
  electronic notarization, and retention.
  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicourt/cic-code-ga/master/transforms/ga/ocga/r86/gov.ga.ocga.title.10.html
  (accessed 2026-07-29)
• O.C.G.A. §§ 44-2-9, 44-5-30; §§ 44-2-14(a), 44-2-15;
  § 44-2-37(a)–(c) — optional lease recording, deed-style execution,
  authorized officers, electronic recording, and filing notice.
  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicourt/cic-code-ga/master/transforms/ga/ocga/r86/gov.ga.ocga.title.44.html
  (accessed 2026-07-29)