Arkansas: Residential Lease Execution Formalities

Requirements one by one

Writing threshold

Arkansas uses two one-year tests. Section 4-59-101(a)(5) covers a lease for a
term longer than one year. Subsection (a)(6) separately covers an agreement
that cannot be performed within one year after it is made. An exactly one-year
lease is below the first line, but a delayed start or longer timing promise can
still cross the second.

The residential act recognizes “all agreements, written or oral.” Section
4-59-102(a), however, limits a longer parol lease to the force of an at-will
estate and says it cannot have greater effect than a lease not exceeding one
year.

Required signatures and authority

For an action on a covered agreement, § 4-59-101 accepts a writing signed by
the party to be charged or another person properly authorized by that party.
That is the minimum signature needed against the person from whom enforcement
is sought.

Section 4-59-102 states the land-interest rule more strictly. To avoid its
at-will/one-year limitation, the longer lease is written and signed by the
parties or their agents, and the agents are authorized in writing. A covered
assignment, grant, or surrender is signed by the acting party or an agent
authorized in writing.

Witness, acknowledgment, and notary

The lease-writing provisions do not require a witness, acknowledgment,
notarization, or seal for validity between landlord and tenant. Arkansas does
require proof or acknowledgment before an instrument affecting real estate is
admitted to record under § 18-12-201.

That recording formality should not be turned into a signing requirement for
every ordinary dwelling lease. It matters when a party chooses to put the
instrument in the county records.

Electronic execution

Arkansas UETA applies to an ordinary lease transaction. It is voluntary:
§ 25-32-105 applies only when each party agrees to conduct the transaction
electronically, as shown by the context, circumstances, and conduct.

Once there is agreement, § 25-32-107 lets an electronic record and electronic
signature satisfy a law requiring writing and signature. If a law requires
written information to be delivered, § 25-32-108 requires an electronic record
the recipient can retain when received. A sender who blocks printing or
storage cannot enforce the record against that recipient.

Required copy or written statement

Chapter 18-17 contains no general rule requiring a landlord to deliver a
signed or fully executed copy of an ordinary residential lease. It likewise
does not require a general basic-information statement merely because the
tenancy is oral.

That negative is consistent with § 18-17-301(11), which expressly includes
written and oral agreements, and § 18-17-401, which lets the parties set the
term and supplies a periodic tenancy only when they do not fix one.

Renewal, modification, and term form

Arkansas prescribes no separate execution form for every renewal or
modification. The general tests still apply. A later promise must be written
and signed when it creates a term longer than one year or cannot be performed
within one year from the date of that later agreement.

Section 4-59-102(b) expressly reaches the assignment, grant, or surrender of a
covered land interest and requires a deed or written notice signed by the
acting party or an agent with written authority.

Recording and third-party effect

Section 14-15-402 includes leases among the instruments the county recorder
records when they are proved or acknowledged according to law. Filing then
creates constructive notice under § 14-15-404(a).

Nonrecording has the third-party consequence stated in § 14-15-404(b): the
instrument is not valid against a later purchaser for value without actual
notice or against the executing party's judgment creditor unless properly
filed. The cited provisions state no minimum lease term and no lease-specific
memorandum alternative. They also do not make recording part of formation
between the original landlord and tenant.

Effect of noncompliance

Section 4-59-101 says “no action shall be brought” on a covered lease or
agreement without the required written, signed note or memorandum. Section
4-59-102 supplies a more specific property consequence: a noncompliant longer
parol lease has only at-will effect and no greater effect than a lease of one
year or less.

The assignment, grant, or surrender of the covered interest must also follow
§ 4-59-102(b)'s writing rule. Missing recordation is different: it triggers the
purchaser-and-creditor consequence in § 14-15-404, not the statute-of-frauds
formation consequence.

What trips people up

A one-year term and the one-year-from-making test are different. A lease
for exactly one year is not “longer” than one year, but a delayed start or
other timing promise can still make the agreement incapable of performance
within one year after it is made.

Agent authority is not stated the same way in both provisions. Section
4-59-101 speaks of a properly authorized signer. Section 4-59-102 expressly
requires written authority for an agent acting under its longer-interest
rule.

Notarization is about recording, not ordinary formation. The lease-writing
rules require signatures, not a notary. Proof or acknowledgment becomes
necessary when the instrument is offered for record.

Arkansas has no general executed-copy statute. Giving each party a final
copy is sensible document practice, but Chapter 18-17 does not make that a
statewide execution condition for an ordinary private dwelling lease.

Common questions

Can an Arkansas residential lease be oral? Yes, below the applicable
writing thresholds. The residential act defines rental agreements to include
written and oral agreements, while §§ 4-59-101 and -102 limit longer or later-
performable arrangements.

Does an Arkansas lease need both signatures? For enforcement under
§ 4-59-101, the writing must be signed by the party being charged or that
party's authorized signer. Section 4-59-102 separately describes the longer
land interest as written and signed by the parties or agents authorized in
writing.

Can the parties use electronic signatures? Yes, when each agrees to
transact electronically. The electronic record must satisfy UETA's retention
conditions when written delivery is required.

Must the landlord give the tenant a signed copy? Arkansas Chapter 18-17
states no general executed-copy delivery duty for an ordinary residential
lease.

Must the lease be recorded? Not as an original-party formation step.
Recording supplies constructive notice and protects the instrument against
the later purchaser and judgment creditor described in § 14-15-404.

Statutes and sources

• Ark. Code § 4-59-101(a)(5)–(6) and § 4-59-102 — longer-than-one-year and
  one-year-from-making writing tests, signatures, agent authority, assignments,
  surrenders, and the statutory consequences of a missing writing.
  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicourt/cic-code-ar/master/transforms/ar/ocar/r78/gov.ar.code.title.04.html (accessed 2026-07-30)
• Ark. Code § 18-17-301(11) and § 18-17-401(a), (c) — written-or-oral
  residential-agreement definition, agreed terms, and default periodic term.
  https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2007%2FPublic%2FACT1004.pdf (accessed 2026-07-30)
• Ark. Code §§ 25-32-103, 25-32-105, 25-32-107, and § 25-32-108(a), (c) —
  UETA scope, party agreement, electronic equivalence, and retainable delivery.
  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicourt/cic-code-ar/master/transforms/ar/ocar/r78/gov.ar.code.title.25.html (accessed 2026-07-30)
• Ark. Code § 18-12-201, § 14-15-402(a), and § 14-15-404(a)(1), (b) —
  acknowledgment or proof for recording, recordable leases, constructive
  notice, and effect against later purchasers and judgment creditors.
  https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicourt/cic-code-ar/master/transforms/ar/ocar/r78/gov.ar.code.title.14.html (accessed 2026-07-30)