Alabama: Adult Legal Name Change Requirements
The short answer
An Alabama adult files a signed written declaration in probate court in the county of residence, stating the current and requested names. State law sets no minimum residence period, newspaper-publication step, statewide fingerprint check, or mandatory hearing; county packets supply additional documents, screening, fees, and local procedure. Registered sex offenders generally may change names only for marital-status or religious reasons and must report the change to local law enforcement.
Ask Ezel about your situation
This is the general rule in Alabama. Ezel applies current Alabama law to your specific facts and answers with citations to the statutes.
| Governing law and court | Ala. Code § 12-13-1(b)(10); probate court in the county where the adult resides |
|---|---|
| Who may petition and residency | An adult resident of the filing county; no minimum residence duration appears in § 12-13-1(b)(10). Current court packets treat age 19 as adulthood and require county-residency proof when ID does not show a local address |
| Petition contents and oath | Statutory floor: signed written declaration stating current and requested names (§ 12-13-1(b)(10)). Current AOC/county packets add birth certificate, photo ID, address, birth facts, reason, and a notarized declaration; county fields vary |
| Criminal background check | No statewide fingerprint or report mandate in § 12-13-1. County practice varies: Madison uses a sheriff criminal-history release; Montgomery requires certified ABI and FBI fingerprint-based reports |
| Publication or notice | No statewide newspaper publication, posting, objection, or ordinary third-party-notice rule in § 12-13-1 or the statewide adult form; confirm the filing county's packet |
| Safety, confidentiality, and special tracks | No express safety-sealing, confidential-name, publication-waiver, or gender-identity track in § 12-13-1. Ask the probate court about protecting sensitive information before filing |
| Hearing and grant standard | Section 12-13-1 states no mandatory hearing, waiting period, objection process, or substantive grant standard. Hearing and order procedure must be confirmed with the county probate court |
| Grounds for denial or restriction | Sex offender: change allowed only when incident to marital-status change or necessary for religious exercise; immediate local-law-enforcement reporting required, and knowing violation is a Class C felony (§ 15-20A-36). No general felony bar appears in § 12-13-1, though county packets require criminal disclosures or checks |
| Fee and post-order effect | County-set: Madison lists $37; Montgomery $33 plus recording costs; Walker $73. Ask the county about waiver. Probate orders receive the validity and presumptions of other general-jurisdiction court orders (§ 12-13-1(d)); agency records require separate updates |
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Requirements one by one
Alabama's statewide statute sets a short filing floor
Under § 12-13-1(b)(10), an adult files in the probate court of the county
where the adult resides. The statute requires a signed written declaration that
states the current name and the requested name. It does not set a minimum
residence duration.
The current statewide PS-12 form adds a certified birth certificate, photo
ID, address and birth information, a reason for the request, and notarization.
It treats a person age 19 or older as an adult. County packets can add or change
the filing details, so the filing county's current packet matters.
Screening and cost vary substantially by county
Section 12-13-1 contains no statewide fingerprint or criminal-report mandate.
Madison County's current packet instead authorizes the sheriff to release a
criminal-history report to probate court. Montgomery County requires certified
fingerprint-based reports from both the Alabama Bureau of Investigation and the
FBI.
The filing fee is local as well. Madison currently lists $37, Montgomery
lists $33 plus recording costs, and Walker lists $73. Ask the filing
court about its current total, certified-copy cost, and any waiver process.
The governing section has no statewide publication or hearing formula
Section 12-13-1 and the statewide adult form prescribe no newspaper
publication, courthouse posting, ordinary third-party notice, waiting period,
objection process, or mandatory hearing. They also state no separate safety-
confidentiality or gender-identity name-change track. Confirm hearing practice
and any method for protecting sensitive information with the county probate
court before filing.
Registered sex offenders face a separate statewide restriction
Under § 15-20A-36, a sex offender may change a name only when the change is
incident to a marital-status change or is necessary for religious exercise. The
change must be reported immediately to local law enforcement in every county
where registration is required. A knowing violation is a Class C felony.
The general probate statute states no separate statewide felony bar. County
packets nevertheless may require criminal-history declarations or checks, as
the Madison and Montgomery materials demonstrate.
The order is legally effective, but records are updated separately
Section § 12-13-1(d) gives probate judgments and orders the same validity
and presumptions as orders of other courts of general jurisdiction. Alabama law
does not direct the probate court to update every agency record automatically.
For example, ALEA requires certified documentation such as the court order when
an identification document shows the former name.
What trips people up
- There is no one uniform county packet. The short statewide statute leaves
major filing mechanics to local probate courts. - A background check in one county is not proof of a statewide requirement.
Madison and Montgomery use different screening systems. - The statewide PS-12 form is not the last word. It is an older statewide
form; obtain the filing county's current instructions before signing or
submitting it. - The sex-offender rule has two narrow exceptions. It is not a flat rule
that every registered person can never change a name.
Common questions
Must I publish the requested name in a newspaper?
No statewide adult publication rule appears in § 12-13-1 or PS-12. Confirm that
the filing county has not added a local step.
Are fingerprints required?
Not by the statewide adult name-change section. County practice varies:
Montgomery requires ABI and FBI fingerprint-based reports, while Madison uses a
sheriff criminal-history release.
Is a hearing always required?
The governing statute does not require one statewide. Ask the county probate
court whether its judge decides the petition on the papers or schedules an
appearance.
Will the order automatically update my identification and birth record?
No automatic statewide transmission appears in the governing section. Obtain
certified copies and follow each agency's separate update process.
Statutes and sources
- Ala. Code § 12-13-1(b)(10), (d) — resident-county probate jurisdiction,
signed declaration, and effect of the probate order. Official enrolled Act
2022-123
(accessed 2026-07-26). - Ala. Code § 15-20A-36 — sex-offender name-change restriction, reporting,
and criminal penalty. Official Act 2015-463;
current ALEA acknowledgment
(accessed 2026-07-26). - Alabama Administrative Office of Courts PS-12 — statewide adult form,
identity documents, county filing, contents, and notarization. Official
form
(accessed 2026-07-26). - County probate materials — local documents, screening, and fees. Madison
packet;
Montgomery guidelines;
Walker instructions
(accessed 2026-07-26). - Alabama Law Enforcement Agency — certified court-order documentation for
a changed name on identification records. Official identification
guidance
(accessed 2026-07-26).
Source links
Every statute quoted above, linked, with the date we checked it.
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