Idaho: Adult Guardianship and Conservatorship Petition Requirements

Requirements one by one

Proceeding and state terminology

Through December 31, 2026, Idaho uses a guardian for the adult's personal
affairs and a conservator or other protective order for property and
financial affairs. Section 15-5-102 permits the district court to consolidate
both proceedings for the same person, but their petitions, counsel rules, and
evaluation structures remain different.

The terminology and numbering change on January 1, 2027. S 1240 replaces the
existing chapter with the Uniform Guardianship, Conservatorship, and Other
Protective Arrangements Act. The new act preserves separate personal and
financial tracks and adds express protective arrangements instead of either
appointment.

Who may file and where

Current § 15-5-303(a) lets the allegedly incapacitated person or anyone
interested in that person's welfare seek a limited or general guardianship.
Current § 15-5-404(a) lets the person to be protected, someone interested in
the person's estate, affairs, or welfare, or someone adversely affected by
ineffective property management seek a conservator or another protective
order.

Current guardianship venue under § 15-5-302 is where the adult resides or is
present, with an additional option in the county of a court that ordered an
institutional admission. Current conservatorship venue under § 15-5-403 is the
adult's Idaho residence or, for a nonresident, a place where property is
located.

What the petition must contain

Current guardianship law focuses on the proposed care plan. Section
15-5-303(a) requires a reasonably detailed plan for the guardian's proposed
actions to the extent known at filing. If the necessary health, emotional, and
care information is not known or the petitioner is not the proposed guardian,
the appointed guardian supplies the completed plan within 30 days after
appointment.

Current § 15-5-404 requires the conservatorship petition to identify the
petitioner, adult, existing guardian, nearest known relative, property and
estimated value, compensation, insurance, pension or allowance, necessity, and
the proposed conservator and priority basis. It also requires a financial plan
to the extent known, with a completed version submitted with the 90-day
inventory when necessary.

Effective January 1, 2027, §§ 15-5-302(2) and 15-5-402 replace those shorter
requirements with detailed checklists. Both petitions disclose close family,
caregivers, counsel, representative payees, guardians and conservators,
trustees, veterans fiduciaries, health and financial agents, routine decision
supporters, proposed appointees, alternatives considered, limited-versus-full
relief, property, income, and communication supports.

Proof required for appointment

Current § 15-5-101(a) treats incapacity as a legal, functional condition rather
than a medical label. It requires substantial-harm risk and material functional
evidence from the 12 months before filing. Isolated simple negligence,
improvidence, lack of resources, and acts based on informed judgment do not
establish inability.

Current § 15-5-304(b) asks whether guardianship is necessary or desirable for
continuing care and supervision. Current § 15-5-401(b) asks whether the adult
cannot effectively manage property and whether property will be wasted or
dissipated or protected funds are needed. Those current appointment sections
do not state a specific evidentiary burden.

On January 1, 2027, the new standards in §§ 15-5-301 and 15-5-401(2) become
expressly clear and convincing. Both test the adult's ability to receive and
evaluate information or make or communicate decisions even with supports, the
need or risk in the relevant domain, and the insufficiency of a protective
arrangement or other less restrictive alternative.

Alternatives the court must address

Current § 15-5-303(a) calls for the form of guardianship that least interferes
with legal capacity. Section 15-5-304(a) limits orders to actual mental and
adaptive limitations. For property, § 15-5-409 allows a transaction, trust,
payment, sale, contract, or other protective arrangement without appointing a
conservator when continuing administration is unnecessary.

The 2027 act makes the alternatives screen a required element. Sections
15-5-301 and 15-5-401 prohibit guardianship or conservatorship when a protective
arrangement, supported decision-making, appropriate technology, supportive
services, or another less restrictive alternative can meet the identified
need. Full authority is unavailable when limited authority will work.

Notice, service, and hearing timing

Current §§ 15-5-309 and 15-5-405 require personal service on the adult for both
tracks. The same provisions identify the spouse or next listed relatives,
existing guardian or conservator, caregiver or custodian, closest adult
relative when necessary, and people who requested notice. The adult-personal-
service provision states no numeric lead time. Other recipients ordinarily
receive mail or personal delivery at least 14 days before the hearing under
§ 15-1-401, subject to the court's good-cause authority.

Effective January 1, 2027, §§ 15-5-303 and 15-5-403 require personal service of
the petition and a notice explaining hearing rights and the nature, purpose,
and consequences of appointment. Those new sections likewise state no numeric
personal-service lead time.

Counsel and hearing rights

Current guardianship counsel is automatic unless the adult already chose a
lawyer. Under § 15-5-303(b), appointed counsel also has guardian-ad-litem powers
and duties. Subsection (c) gives the adult an in-person hearing right, access to
the evidence, and rights to present evidence, subpoena witnesses and documents,
examine the examiner and visitor, participate, and request closure for good
cause.

Current conservatorship is different. Section 15-5-407(b) makes appointment of
counsel discretionary and does not provide the parallel express attendance and
participation list found in the guardianship section. The current initial-
appointment provisions do not state a jury-trial right.

Starting January 1, 2027, § 15-5-305 keeps automatic guardianship counsel but
makes the representation client-directed. Section 15-5-406 keeps conservator-
ship counsel discretionary but imposes the same client-directed duties when a
lawyer represents the adult. Sections 15-5-307 and 15-5-408(1)–(5) ordinarily require
attendance, allow an alternative location or real-time audiovisual appearance,
provide communication supports, and permit absence only on specified clear-
and-convincing findings.

Medical evidence or court evaluator

Current guardianship uses three mandatory roles under § 15-5-303(b): counsel
with GAL duties, a court-appointed physician or other qualified examiner who
reports in writing, and a court visitor who interviews the adult, filing source,
and proposed guardian, visits current and proposed residences, and reports.
The court may add a mental-health professional.

Current conservatorship is less automatic. Section 15-5-407(b) says the court
may appoint counsel, may order a physician examination for listed grounds, and
may send a visitor.

The 2027 act changes the architecture again. Sections 15-5-304(1)–(2) and
15-5-405(1)–(3) require a visitor for an adult without a developmental disability or a
developmental-disability evaluation committee for an adult with one, in both
tracks. Sections 15-5-306 and 15-5-407 separately authorize a professional
functional evaluation when requested or when the court needs more information.

Limits on the order

Under current §§ 15-5-304 and 15-5-408, personal and property orders promote
maximum self-reliance and independence and extend only to actual limitations.
The court may endorse limits on a guardian's letters. A current protective-
order finding also has no effect on the adult's capacity under § 15-5-408(b)(5).

On January 1, 2027, §§ 15-5-301, 15-5-401, and 15-5-310(1), (3), (4) expressly bar full
authority when limited authority or a protective arrangement works. A full
guardianship order must explain, with specific clear-and-convincing findings,
why a limited guardianship would not meet the adult's functional needs.

Temporary relief stays separate. Current § 15-5-310 requires substantial
incapacity evidence, an emergency likely to cause immediate and substantial
personal harm, and no available person able and willing to act; ex parte notice
follows within 72 hours and temporary authority ordinarily cannot exceed 90
days. Current § 15-5-407A uses a separate emergency temporary conservator,
72-hour notice, and a 14-day hearing on request.

What trips people up

The current and future statutes are printed together. Idaho's official
pages show one rule effective through December 31, 2026 and a different rule
effective January 1, 2027. A 2026 filing uses the current text, not the new
section with the same number.

Current counsel and evaluator rules differ by track. Guardianship requires
counsel, an examiner, and a visitor. Conservatorship makes all three
discretionary. The 2027 act keeps the counsel difference but requires a visitor
or developmental-disability committee in both tracks.

The current guardianship plan and conservatorship financial plan are not the
same document. The first addresses proposed personal care and decision-making;
the second addresses assets, income, expenses, debts, and other financial
concerns.

Common questions

Does the January 2027 act apply now?

No. S 1240 is enacted, but its effective date is January 1, 2027. The provisions
labeled "effective until January 1, 2027" govern before then.

Is a diagnosis enough under current Idaho law?

No. Section 15-5-101(a) calls incapacity a legal, not medical, disability and
requires recent functional evidence tied to substantial harm. It excludes
isolated negligence, improvidence, lack of resources, and informed choices.

Is appointed counsel automatic in both current proceedings?

No. Current § 15-5-303(b) requires counsel in guardianship unless the adult has
chosen counsel. Current § 15-5-407(b) says the court may appoint counsel in a
conservatorship.

Can one financial problem be addressed without a conservator?

Yes. Current § 15-5-409 permits a protective arrangement or single transaction
without appointing a conservator. The 2027 act expands and formalizes protective
arrangements instead of conservatorship.

Statutes and sources

• Idaho Code § 15-1-201(8): the relevant probate court is the district court.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-1-401(a): general known-recipient notice is mailed or
  personally delivered at least 14 days before hearing.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-101(a): current functional incapacity definition, 12-month
  evidence window, and excluded weak evidence.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-102: current consolidation rule.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-302: current guardianship venue; effective January 1, 2027,
  the detailed guardianship petition.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-303(a): current guardianship petition, counsel, examiner,
  visitor, and hearing rights; effective January 1, 2027, notice.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-304(a): current tailored-order rule; effective January 1,
  2027, mandatory visitor or DD committee.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-309(1): current guardianship notice recipients and personal
  service.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-310(a): current temporary guardianship; effective January
  1, 2027, guardianship-order findings and limits.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-401(b): current conservatorship basis; effective January 1,
  2027, clear-and-convincing and less-restrictive standard.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-403(a): current conservatorship venue; effective January 1,
  2027, conservatorship notice and hearing.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-404(a): current conservatorship petition and financial plan.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-405: current conservatorship notice cross-reference;
  effective January 1, 2027, mandatory visitor or DD committee.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-407(b): current conservatorship counsel and evaluators;
  effective January 1, 2027, professional evaluation.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-408(a): current tailored property order; effective January
  1, 2027, attendance and participation rights.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-409(a): current protective arrangements without a
  conservator.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-407A(a): current temporary conservatorship.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-301(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): future guardianship
  standard and less-restrictive bar.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-305(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): mandatory client-directed
  guardianship counsel.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-307(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): guardianship attendance,
  supports, evidence, and participation rights.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-304(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): mandatory DD evaluation
  committee or visitor in the future guardianship track.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-402(2) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): detailed future
  conservatorship petition.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-401(2) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): future clear-and-convincing
  conservatorship standard and less-restrictive bar.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-406(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): discretionary but
  client-directed conservatorship counsel.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-405(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): mandatory DD evaluation
  committee or visitor in the future conservatorship track.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-408(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): conservatorship attendance,
  remote access, supports, evidence, and participation rights.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-310(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): required guardianship-order
  findings and limited-order specificity.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-303(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): future guardianship hearing
  setting and personal service of petition and rights notice.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-403(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): future conservatorship
  hearing setting and personal service of petition and rights notice.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-306(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): future guardianship
  professional evaluation and right to decline participation.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).
• Idaho Code § 15-5-407(1) (effective Jan. 1, 2027): future conservatorship
  professional evaluation and right to decline participation.
  Official text
  (accessed 2026-07-18).