John Jay Jackson Jr.

United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia district Deceased · served 1861–1905 Appointed by Abraham Lincoln (Republican) 18 signed orders read

Judge Jackson no longer hears cases. This profile is preserved as a historical record of how they ruled.

How Judge Jackson decides

Patterns drawn from this judge's own signed orders. Every observation links to the order it came from.

What persuades

In bankruptcy-discharge disputes, Jackson required objecting creditors to prove a statutory ground with evidence sufficient to satisfy the court; suspicion alone did not defeat discharge.

“A bankrupt will not be denied his discharge without proof that satisfies the court that he has committed some one of the offenses named in the statute”

When reviewing a master's allocation between co-owners, Jackson applied contribution principles so that a party receiving a shared benefit also bore a fair share of the expense.

“A tenant in common, claiming an equality of benefit, must submit to an equality of burden.”

Jackson treated undisputed custody of bankruptcy property as sufficient for a summary turnover order, rather than forcing the trustee to file a separate suit where ownership was not contested.

“the trustee should not be driven to his action to obtain possession of property of the bankrupt simply because such property is in the possession or custody of another not claiming ownership thereof”

Procedural preferences

Jackson enforced statutory appellate deadlines as jurisdictional limits that neither the trial court nor appellate court could extend.

“no act of this court, nor of the appellate court, can create a right by legal intendment or legal action”

He remanded removed litigation when complete relief necessarily operated on resident and nonresident defendants together, leaving no separable controversy.

“the defense of the defendants is one and inseparable, and that the case cannot proceed, as against one of the defendants, without the presence of the other”

Cautions

Even after finding an interstate seizure unlawful and describing it as close to kidnapping, Jackson declined pretrial federal habeas relief while a valid state indictment remained pending.

“Such action upon the part of the agent of the state of West Virginia was an outrage upon the rights and liberty of this citizen”

Signed rulings

A grounded sample of orders signed by this judge, with the verbatim dispositive language.

In re Isaac Prager & Son
· 1905-01-11
Objection to bankruptcy discharge (creditors) Denied

“A bankrupt will not be denied his discharge without proof that satisfies the court that he has committed some one of the offenses named in the statute which would justify the court in its action in refusing the discharge. The finding of the referee is approved.”

Butt v. United States
· 1904-01-05
Application for appeal (United States) Denied

“As I have said before in this opinion, the appeal is refused.”

United States ex rel. Guaranty Trust Co. of New York v. Gehr
· 1902-07-24
Contempt proceeding (United States) Granted

“The punishment is ninety days in jail.”

McClintock v. Fontaine
· 1902-09-27
Exceptions to master report (C. D. Talbott and John McClintock) Denied

“are overruled, for the reason that the trustee was acting as the agent of the joint co-owners of the land with the plaintiffs in this action”

Exceptions to master report (C. D. Talbott and John McClintock) Granted

“the court is of the opinion that the third and fourth exceptions to the master's report should be sustained, and referred back to the master”

Southern Railway Co. v. Mayes
· 1902-02-04
Appeal (railroad-appellant) Granted

“For the reasons assigned, we are of the opinion that the court below erred in overruling the plea of the statute of limitations, and that the case should be reversed. Reversed.”

In re Moore
· 1900-11-19
Motion for turnover (bankruptcy trustee) Granted

“Upon the facts of this case an order should be entered requiring Mrs. Moore to forthwith turn over to the trustee all property of the bankrupt of every description, in her possession”

In re Alderson
· 1899-12-29
Proof of claim (state) Granted

“the judgments filed in the case are provable debts”

Claim for priority (state) Denied

“the judgments filed in the case are provable debts, and are not entitled to precedence in the distribution of the bankrupt's assets”

Reese v. Zinn
· 1900-07-07
Plea to jurisdiction (defendants) Denied

“For this reason, the court overrules the plea in abatement in this case.”

Request for equitable relief (plaintiffs) Granted

“the court is of opinion that the prayer of the bill should be granted; that the lease to the South Penn Oil Company, of May 11, 1895, should be canceled and held for naught; and that the lease to M. G. Zinn, of May 16, 1899, is also void for want of mutuality, and was forfeited for nonpayment of rental, and should be canceled and held for naught; and the injunction should be perpetuated”

Ramsdell v. National Rivet & Novelty Co.
· 1900-10-06
Exceptions to master report (plaintiff) Granted in part

“The court, for the reasons assigned, is of opinion to sustain the exceptions to the master's report as to so much of his finding as is based upon parol evidence in the case of what transpired at the meeting of the incorporators”

Ex parte Glenn
· 1900-09-22
Petition for writ of habeas corpus (petitioner) Denied

“I feel constrained, under the decisions of the supreme court of the United States, to refuse to discharge the prisoner as prayed for in her petition, and as a consequence must remand her to the custody of the state authorities.”

Davis v. County Court of Randolph County
· 1898-08-04
Motions to remand (plaintiffs) Granted

“It follows that, as the county court is a citizen of the same state as the complainants, the suit is not removable, and the case will be remanded, for the reasons assigned, to the circuit court of Randolph county.”

In re Tebo
· 1900-04-30
Exception to administration costs (creditors) Denied

“The court is of opinion to overrule this exception, for the reason that the bankrupt law expressly provides for the cost of administration as a prior lien upon the assets of the bankrupt's estate”

Claim for wage priority (labor claimants) Granted

“the order suspending the payment of the amount retained by the trustee until the action of the court could be invoked should be set aside, and the fund distributed”

Exception to attorneys fee (creditors) Denied

“there being no evidence filed before the judge of this court that the allowance made by the referee was unjust, excessive, and exorbitant, I am of opinion not to disturb it”

Exception to referee expenses (creditors) Denied

“the court is of opinion to overrule all the exceptions in regard to it”

Exception to clerk hire (creditors) Denied

“For the reasons assigned, the court is of opinion to overrule the exceptions certified for review, as well as the other exceptions which were not certified by the referee for review.”

Caseload & timing

From public federal docket records for this judge.

The surviving reported-opinion sample includes bankruptcy administration, land and lease disputes, admiralty, habeas corpus, removal jurisdiction, contempt, and appeals heard while Jackson sat by designation. It is not a complete measure of his caseload.

A historical record

Judge Jackson no longer hears cases. This profile stays available as a record of how they ruled. If you're preparing for a matter, start from the court's current bench.