IRS Written Determinations

Free IRS private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, and Chief Counsel advice with plain-English summaries and the official IRS release on every page.

18,373 determinations and counting · Newest release August 21, 2026
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PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either…

201653004·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either…

201653003·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either…

201653002·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers preserve incomplete gifts without giving committee members general powers

A married couple placed community property in an irrevocable trust and shared distribution powers with a power-of-appointment committee. The IRS concluded that the trust terms did not make either…

201653001·December 30, 2016
Mixed outcome
CCA

Modified trust cannot deduct payments to foundations

A court modified a trust to convert a beneficiary's testamentary appointment power into a lifetime power, allowing the trust to terminate and distribute its assets to two private foundations. Chief…

201651013·December 16, 2016
Advice
PLR

Incomplete-gift trust receives requested tax treatment

A grantor created an irrevocable trust with distribution powers held by the grantor and a distribution committee. While the committee remained in existence, the IRS found no stated circumstances…

201650005·December 9, 2016
Approved
PLR

Divorcing spouses may divide charitable remainder unitrust

A married couple planning to divorce proposed dividing one charitable remainder unitrust into two pro rata trusts. Each former spouse would be the sole noncharitable beneficiary of one new trust and…

201648009·November 25, 2016
Approved
PLR

Divorce-related charitable trust division approved

A married couple planning to divorce proposed dividing one charitable remainder unitrust into two pro rata trusts. Each former spouse would hold the unitrust interest in one new trust and control…

201648008·November 25, 2016
Approved
PLR

Charitable remainder trust may be split after divorce

A couple in divorce proceedings planned to divide a charitable remainder unitrust into two trusts holding pro rata shares of every asset. Each spouse would receive payments only from that spouse's…

201648007·November 25, 2016
Approved
PLR

Prior trust-owner ruling revoked because of the grantor's reversion

The IRS revoked the first conclusion of an earlier private letter ruling about who owned a trust for federal income tax purposes. The trust would terminate and return its property to the grantor if…

201642019·October 14, 2016
Revocation
PLR

Endowment units do not create unrelated business income for charitable trust

A charitable remainder unitrust proposed exchanging assets for contractual units tied to its charitable remainder beneficiary's diversified endowment. The trust would have no ownership or control…

201636043·September 2, 2016
Approved
PLR

Cost-only endowment services do not create unrelated business income

A public charity proposed allowing a charitable remainder unitrust to participate indirectly in the charity's diversified endowment through contractual units. The charity would issue units for trust…

201636042·September 2, 2016
Approved
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee…

201636032·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee…

201636031·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee…

201636030·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee…

201636029·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee…

201636028·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust powers produce mixed income, gift, and estate tax results

A grantor created an irrevocable trust whose distributions could be directed through several powers held by the grantor and a nonfiduciary power-of-appointment committee. While the committee…

201636027·September 2, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust with withdrawal power owns transferee trust income and gains

A trustee proposed transferring funds from one family trust to a second trust with the same beneficiaries and distribution rights. The second trust gave the first trust a power, exercisable only by…

201633021·August 12, 2016
Approved
PLR

Retained trust powers keep transfers incomplete for gift tax

A grantor created an irrevocable family trust whose corporate trustee could make distributions under powers involving the grantor and a distribution committee. The IRS concluded that the grantor's…

201628010·July 8, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Retained trust powers leave the transfer incomplete without taxing committee members

A grantor created an irrevocable trust for the grantor and other beneficiaries, with distributions controlled through retained powers and a beneficiary distribution committee. The IRS concluded that…

201614008·April 1, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Retained trust powers keep the transfer incomplete without taxing committee members

A grantor created an irrevocable trust for the grantor and other beneficiaries, with distributions controlled through retained powers and a beneficiary distribution committee. The IRS concluded that…

201614007·April 1, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Retained trust powers keep the transfer incomplete without taxing committee members

A grantor created an irrevocable trust for the grantor and other beneficiaries, with distributions controlled through retained powers and a beneficiary distribution committee. The IRS concluded that…

201614006·April 1, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Endowment units do not create unrelated business taxable income

A charitable remainder unitrust proposed exchanging its assets for contractual units tied to a college's endowment after the college became sole trustee. The trust would have no ownership or control…

201613015·March 25, 2016
Approved
PLR

College's endowment services do not create unrelated business income

A tax-exempt college proposed serving as trustee for charitable remainder unitrusts and issuing contractual units tied to its endowment. The trusts would receive payments based on the college's…

201613014·March 25, 2016
Approved
PLR

Trust transfers remain incomplete gifts and committee powers avoid estate inclusion

A grantor created an irrevocable trust with distribution powers shared among the grantor, a beneficiary committee, and a corporate trustee. The IRS concluded that the grantor's retained consent,…

201613007·March 25, 2016
Mixed outcome
PLR

Trust may deduct IRA proceeds paid to a charity

A decedent named a trust as beneficiary of several individual retirement accounts, and the trust instrument directed those accounts to a charitable foundation. The trust proposed to receive each IRA…

201611002·March 11, 2016
Approved
PLR

Committee-directed community property trust receives tax rulings

A married couple proposed transferring community property to an irrevocable trust whose distributions would be controlled by a power-of-appointment committee while it existed. The IRS ruled that…

201550012·December 11, 2015
Approved
PLR

Committee-directed trust receives income, gift, estate, and basis rulings

A married couple proposed transferring community property to an irrevocable trust whose distributions would be controlled by a power-of-appointment committee while it existed. The IRS ruled that the…

201550011·December 11, 2015
Approved
PLR

Retained powers preserve incomplete-gift trust treatment

A married couple proposed transferring community property to an irrevocable trust whose distributions would be controlled by a power-of-appointment committee while it existed. The IRS ruled that the…

201550010·December 11, 2015
Approved
PLR

Community-property trust obtains incomplete-gift treatment

A married couple proposed transferring community property to an irrevocable trust whose distributions would be controlled by a power-of-appointment committee while it existed. The IRS ruled that the…

201550009·December 11, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust powers avoid completed gifts and committee estate inclusion

A married couple proposed transferring community property to an irrevocable trust whose distributions would be controlled by a power-of-appointment committee while it existed. The IRS ruled that the…

201550008·December 11, 2015
Approved
PLR

Committee-controlled trust qualifies for requested tax treatment

A married couple proposed transferring community property to an irrevocable trust whose distributions would be controlled by a power-of-appointment committee while it existed. The IRS ruled that the…

201550007·December 11, 2015
Approved
PLR

Retained appointment powers keep trust transfers incomplete

A married couple proposed transferring community property to an irrevocable trust whose distributions would be controlled by a power-of-appointment committee while it existed. The IRS ruled that the…

201550006·December 11, 2015
Approved
PLR

Committee trust receives favorable gift and estate rulings

A married couple proposed transferring community property to an irrevocable trust whose distributions would be controlled by a power-of-appointment committee while it existed. The IRS ruled that the…

201550005·December 11, 2015
Approved
PLR

Foreign settlors own revocable trust and assets receive basis adjustments

Two non-U.S. spouses funded a foreign trust with separate property and retained revocation rights during their joint lives. The IRS ruled that each spouse would be treated as owner of the…

201544002·October 30, 2015
Approved
PLR

Foreign regulatory trust is owned by its CFC grantor

A controlled foreign corporation established a foreign-law trust to segregate and conservatively invest assets required to support its regulated business obligations. A separate trustee managed the…

201532023·August 7, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201532013·August 7, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201532012·August 7, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201532011·August 7, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201532010·August 7, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201532009·August 7, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201532008·August 7, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201531007·July 31, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201531006·July 31, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201531005·July 31, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201531004·July 31, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement avoided transfer taxes and recognized gain

A family settled litigation over the administration and interpretation of a trust created by a person who died before September 25, 1985. The court-approved agreement divided the trust into one…

201531003·July 31, 2015
Approved
PLR

Court settlement dividing family trust avoids transfer taxes and gain

A pre-1985 family trust produced disputes over trustee investment adjustments, whether the trust could be divided, and how the phrase "by right of representation" governed future distributions.…

201530013·July 24, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement and division do not trigger transfer taxes or gain

An irrevocable testamentary trust created before September 25, 1985, paid income to three family branches and was scheduled to end after the last survivor of two beneficiaries died. A dispute arose…

201530012·July 24, 2015
Approved
PLR

Court settlement dividing family trust avoids transfer taxes and gain

A pre-1985 family trust produced disputes over trustee investment adjustments, whether the trust could be divided, and how the phrase "by right of representation" governed future distributions.…

201530011·July 24, 2015
Approved
PLR

Court settlement dividing family trust avoids transfer taxes and gain

A pre-1985 family trust produced disputes over trustee investment adjustments, whether the trust could be divided, and how the phrase "by right of representation" governed future distributions.…

201530010·July 24, 2015
Approved
PLR

Court settlement dividing family trust avoids transfer taxes and gain

A pre-1985 family trust produced disputes over trustee investment adjustments, whether the trust could be divided, and how the phrase "by right of representation" governed future distributions.…

201530009·July 24, 2015
Approved
PLR

Court settlement dividing family trust avoids transfer taxes and gain

A pre-1985 family trust produced disputes over trustee investment adjustments, whether the trust could be divided, and how the phrase "by right of representation" governed future distributions.…

201530008·July 24, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust may use a three-year average for its unitrust payment

A trust that was irrevocable before September 25, 1985 had previously converted its income distributions to a unitrust amount. The trustee proposed changing the calculation from the prior year's…

201527032·July 3, 2015
Approved
PLR

Alaska Native Settlement Trust qualifies for section 646 treatment

An Alaska Native Corporation established a settlement trust to support beneficiaries' health, education, welfare, heritage, and culture and planned additional contributions to it. The IRS ruled that…

201527004·July 3, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust division preserved tax treatment and asset basis

A trust for a daughter and her descendants proposed dividing its assets equally between two successor trusts, one for each family line. The daughter would remain a beneficiary of both trusts, and…

201525001·June 19, 2015
Approved
PLR

Alaska Native settlement trust received requested tax treatment

An Alaska Native Corporation created an irrevocable settlement trust to promote the health, education, welfare, heritage, and culture of its Alaska Native beneficiaries and to make quarterly…

201523017·June 5, 2015
Approved
PLR

Trust settlement preserves GST exemption and avoids gift and income tax

Beneficiaries of a pre-September 25, 1985 testamentary trust settled extensive litigation over trust administration and a no-contest clause. Two beneficiaries and their issue would terminate their…

201519012·May 8, 2015
Approved
PLR

Unitrust conversion preserves GST exemption without gift or gain

A trust created before September 25, 1985 was administered as an income-only trust for a granddaughter and remained exempt from generation-skipping transfer tax. A state court approved converting it…

201516028·April 17, 2015
Approved

What these documents are

  • Private letter rulings (PLRs): A taxpayer asked the IRS to rule on a planned transaction before doing it. The ruling shows exactly how the IRS applied the Code to those facts.
  • Technical advice memoranda (TAMs): The IRS National Office answering a question raised during an audit or other proceeding.
  • Chief Counsel advice (CCAs): IRS lawyers advising their own field staff on how to apply the law.
  • Determination letters: Rulings on exempt-organization matters, such as whether an organization qualifies under § 501(c)(3) or a foundation's grant procedures pass § 4945.
  • Not precedent, still useful: Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3) none of these can be cited as precedent. They remain the best public window into how the IRS actually rules on facts like yours, and practitioners read them for exactly that.