IRS Written Determinations

Free IRS private letter rulings, technical advice memoranda, and Chief Counsel advice with plain-English summaries and the official IRS release on every page.

18,373 determinations and counting · Newest release August 21, 2026
1,667 determinations S Corporations

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PLR

S corporation received passive-income termination relief

An S corporation had accumulated earnings and profits from C corporation years and received more than 25 percent of its gross receipts from passive investment income for three consecutive years.…

201935006·August 30, 2019
Approved
PLR

Modified ruling preserves S status after a missed ESBT election

Shareholders transferred S corporation stock to an irrevocable trust that was eligible to be an electing small business trust, but the trustee did not timely make the ESBT election. The missed…

201934001·August 23, 2019
Approved
PLR

Conditional relief granted for invalid S election and trust shareholder

An S corporation’s original election omitted the signature of a shareholder’s community-property spouse. Later, a trust intended to be a qualified subchapter S trust held shares but its governing…

201933004·August 16, 2019
Approved
PLR

Late ESBT elections received inadvertent-termination relief

Six trusts acquired stock in an S corporation but their trustees did not timely elect electing small business trust status. The first failures terminated the corporation’s S election, and later…

201933001·August 16, 2019
Approved
PLR

Ineligible shareholder received inadvertent S termination relief

An S corporation transferred shares to a person that was not an eligible S corporation shareholder, terminating its S election. The corporation represented that the termination was inadvertent and…

201931004·August 2, 2019
Approved
PLR

LLC received relief for an inadvertent S corporation termination

An LLC elected to be taxed as a corporation and as an S corporation. Its original agreement required distributions in proportion to ownership, but a later amendment directed liquidating…

201930023·July 26, 2019
Approved
PLR

LLC received 120 days for entity classification and S elections

A domestic LLC's majority and minority owners intended it to be taxed as an S corporation from formation. The company did not timely file either Form 8832 to elect corporate classification or Form…

201930010·July 26, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation received 120 days for a late QSub election

An S corporation wholly owned one subsidiary, which in turn wholly owned a second subsidiary. The parent intended to treat the lower-tier subsidiary as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary from the…

201929007·July 19, 2019
Approved
PLR

Seven subsidiaries received 120 days for late QSub elections

An S corporation acquired seven wholly owned domestic subsidiaries on several dates and consistently treated each one as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary, but inadvertently failed to file the…

201928012·July 12, 2019
Approved
PLR

Ineligible partnership shareholder caused inadvertent ineffective S election

A corporation's S election was ineffective because one shareholder was a limited partnership and therefore was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. After discovering the problem, the…

201926009·June 28, 2019
Approved
PLR

Service payment arrangements did not create second stock class

An S corporation and its sole shareholder entered into two successive arrangements with a service provider. The first contemplated a stock sale if specified conditions were met, but no stock was…

201926008·June 28, 2019
Approved
PLR

Late ESBT elections caused an inadvertent S termination

An S corporation shareholder held stock through a revocable grantor trust. At the shareholder's death, the stock passed to two successor trusts that qualified as electing small business trusts, but…

201925003·June 21, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation received relief for missed QSST elections

An S corporation shareholder placed shares in a grantor trust that was to divide into separate trusts for three beneficiaries after the shareholder's death. The beneficiaries failed to make timely…

201924006·June 14, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation gets 120 days to file late QSub election

An S corporation intended to elect qualified subchapter S subsidiary status for a wholly owned domestic subsidiary as of the subsidiary's incorporation date. It failed to file Form 8869 on time…

201923025·June 7, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation receives relief for three missed ESBT elections

After an eligible shareholder died, her S corporation shares passed under her will to three trusts. Those trusts were permitted S corporation shareholders for two years, but their trustees failed to…

201922021·May 31, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation keeps status after its shareholder became a partnership

An S corporation's shares were held by a disregarded entity owned by an eligible shareholder. When that disregarded entity later became a partnership for federal tax purposes, it became an…

201922003·May 31, 2019
Approved
PLR

Inadvertent partnership shareholder does not end S status

An eligible owner held S corporation shares through a disregarded entity. When the disregarded entity converted to partnership status, it became an ineligible shareholder and automatically…

201922002·May 31, 2019
Approved
PLR

Corrected ineligible shareholder preserves corporation's S election

S corporation shares were held through a disregarded entity owned by an eligible shareholder. The disregarded entity later became a partnership, making it an ineligible shareholder and terminating…

201922001·May 31, 2019
Approved
PLR

Missed ESBT elections did not end S corporation status

Two revocable trusts held stock in an S corporation, and each trust continued after its owner died. The trusts remained eligible S corporation shareholders for two years after the deaths, but their…

201921007·May 24, 2019
Approved
PLR

Corporation received 120 days to file its S election

A corporation intended to be treated as an S corporation from a specified effective date but did not timely file the required election. The IRS found reasonable cause for the late filing under…

201921006·May 24, 2019
Approved
PLR

Shareholder agreement caused inadvertent S election termination

An S corporation had voting and nonvoting common shares with otherwise identical rights. Its shareholders later entered an agreement that could alter their relative rights to distributable earnings…

201919005·May 10, 2019
Approved
PLR

Late ESBT election preserved S corporation and QSub status

A trust acquired shares of one S corporation but its trustee failed to make a timely electing small business trust election, terminating that corporation’s S status. Later, when the corporation…

201919001·May 10, 2019
Approved
PLR

Employee-share repurchase terms did not create second stock class

An S corporation's equity compensation plan allowed employees to acquire shares, while restricting transfers and permitting the corporation to repurchase shares after employment ended. The…

201918013·May 3, 2019
Approved
PLR

LLC gets relief to make both a late corporate classification election and a late S corporation election

An LLC with more than one owner intended to be taxed as an S corporation. To get there it needed two elections effective on the same date: first, Form 8832 to be treated as a corporation (an…

201918012·May 3, 2019
Approved
PLR

Operating-agreement clause created a second class of stock, but inadvertent-termination relief keeps S status

An LLC elected to be taxed as an S corporation, but its operating agreement contained a liquidation clause that allowed distributions to be made partly by capital-account balances rather than…

201918004·May 3, 2019
Approved
PLR

S election restored after stock passed to two trusts that were later reformed into QSSTs

An S corporation's shares were transferred to two trusts that, as written, did not qualify as eligible S corporation shareholders, which automatically terminated the company's S election. The intent…

201918003·May 3, 2019
Approved
PLR

S election saved after three shareholder trusts failed to make timely ESBT elections

A corporation elected S status, but three trusts that held its stock never filed the Electing Small Business Trust (ESBT) elections they needed to be eligible shareholders. Because those trusts were…

201918002·May 3, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation status restored after a shareholder trust missed its ESBT election following the owner's death

An S corporation had a shareholder that was a grantor trust, which is a permitted S corporation shareholder while the grantor is alive. When the grantor (the deemed owner) died, the trust stayed…

201918001·May 3, 2019
Approved
PLR

An S corporation's accidental termination is forgiven after two trusts missed their QSST elections

An S corporation can only have certain kinds of shareholders. A trust generally is not an eligible shareholder unless it fits a permitted category, and one common way is for the trust's income…

201911005·March 15, 2019
Approved
PLR

An S corporation's accidental termination is forgiven after a trust missed its ESBT election

An S corporation can only have certain kinds of shareholders. A trust is an eligible shareholder only if it fits one of the permitted categories, and one common way is for the trust to elect to be…

201910014·March 8, 2019
Approved
PLR

A company's botched S corporation election is treated as valid under the inadvertent-invalidity rule

An S corporation is a business that elects to be taxed by passing its income through to its shareholders instead of paying corporate-level tax, but the election only works if the company meets the S…

201910005·March 8, 2019
Approved
PLR

Inadvertent S-corp termination relief where trusts missed their ESBT and QSST elections

An S corporation's stock passed through a chain of trusts after a shareholder died. His grantor trust could stay an eligible S-corporation shareholder for only two years after his death. Before that…

201909005·March 1, 2019
Approved
PLR

Inadvertently terminated S corporation elections restored under § 1362(f)

Three related corporations had each elected to be taxed as an S corporation, a pass-through status that avoids corporate-level tax but comes with strict ownership rules. During a restructuring, a…

201908019·February 22, 2019
Approved
PLR

Corrected non-pro-rata allocations received inadvertent S election termination relief

An S corporation amended its operating agreement to permit non-pro-rata allocations, creating a second class of stock and terminating its S election. The corporation later amended the agreement…

201908017·February 22, 2019
Approved
PLR

Non-pro-rata operating agreement amendment received S election relief

An S corporation amended its operating agreement to permit non-pro-rata allocations, creating a second class of stock and terminating its S election. The corporation later corrected the operating…

201908015·February 22, 2019
Approved
PLR

Late ESBT election received conditional S corporation relief

A trust acquired shares of an S corporation but did not timely elect to be treated as an electing small business trust. That failure terminated the corporation's S election, although the corporation…

201908012·February 22, 2019
Approved
PLR

Corporation could reelect S status before five-year waiting period ended

An S corporation's shares were held by a grantor trust whose grantor died. The corporation's S election later terminated, and the trust proposed to sell all shares to a newly formed employee stock…

201908009·February 22, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation and QSub receive inadvertent termination relief

An LLC taxed as an S corporation acquired another LLC and elected to treat it as a qualified subchapter S subsidiary. The parent's operating agreement still contained partnership provisions that…

201905002·February 1, 2019
Approved
PLR

Inadvertent S-corporation termination excused where operating agreement created a second class of stock

A company (X) that had been an LLC taxed as a partnership elected to become an S corporation but left its operating agreement unchanged. Earlier distributions to its two owners had thrown their…

201904001·January 25, 2019
Approved
PLR

Missed QSST elections caused an inadvertent S corporation termination

An S corporation's stock was held through two trusts that became divided into separate shares after shareholder deaths. The shares could no longer rely on the temporary rules for post-death trusts,…

201903007·January 18, 2019
Approved
PLR

LLC gets late classification and S elections plus inadvertent-termination relief

An LLC intended to be treated as an S corporation from its formation date, but it did not timely file either its entity-classification election or its S corporation election. Its sole shareholder…

201902021·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

LLC gets late classification and S elections plus inadvertent-termination relief

An LLC intended to be treated as an S corporation from its formation date, but it did not timely file either its entity-classification election or its S corporation election. Its sole shareholder…

201902020·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

LLC gets late classification and S elections plus inadvertent-termination relief

An LLC intended to be treated as an S corporation from its formation date, but it did not timely file either its entity-classification election or its S corporation election. Its sole shareholder…

201902019·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

LLC gets late classification and S elections plus inadvertent-termination relief

An LLC intended to be treated as an S corporation from its formation date, but it did not timely file either its entity-classification election or its S corporation election. Its sole shareholder…

201902018·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902017·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902016·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902015·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902014·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902013·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902012·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902011·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902010·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902009·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902008·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902007·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902006·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902005·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902004·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902003·January 11, 2019
Approved
PLR

S corporation termination was inadvertent after stock passed to a partnership

An S corporation's shares were transferred to a partnership, which was not an eligible S corporation shareholder. The corporation discovered that the transfer had terminated its S election and…

201902002·January 11, 2019
Approved

What these documents are

  • Private letter rulings (PLRs): A taxpayer asked the IRS to rule on a planned transaction before doing it. The ruling shows exactly how the IRS applied the Code to those facts.
  • Technical advice memoranda (TAMs): The IRS National Office answering a question raised during an audit or other proceeding.
  • Chief Counsel advice (CCAs): IRS lawyers advising their own field staff on how to apply the law.
  • Determination letters: Rulings on exempt-organization matters, such as whether an organization qualifies under § 501(c)(3) or a foundation's grant procedures pass § 4945.
  • Not precedent, still useful: Under 26 U.S.C. § 6110(k)(3) none of these can be cited as precedent. They remain the best public window into how the IRS actually rules on facts like yours, and practitioners read them for exactly that.