OHBPC February 4, 2005

Does a lawyer who only does contract research and writing for other attorneys have to give clients the malpractice-insurance disclosure?

Short answer: The opinion concluded that an attorney who performs research and writing on a contract basis for other attorneys, but who is not engaged by, does not meet with, and does not advise clients, is not engaged in the practice of law as to those clients and is not subject to the professional-liability-insurance notice requirements of DR 1-104. Decided under the former Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility.

Apply this to your situation

This page answers the general question as of 2005. Ezel answers yours: whether it's allowed on your facts, under the current Ohio Rules of Professional Conduct, with citations.

Disclaimer: Advisory only. Not binding precedent.

About this page: The plain-English summary, reader guidance, and Q&A below were written by Ezel based on the official ethics opinion. The original opinion (linked on this page as a PDF) is the authoritative source for any reliance.

View original ethics opinion (PDF)

Currency note

This opinion was issued in 2005, before Ohio's adoption of the Ohio Rules of Professional Conduct (effective February 1, 2007). The Board flagged it as a "CPR Opinion" because it interprets the former Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility, since superseded. The professional-liability-insurance disclosure requirement formerly in DR 1-104 is now addressed by Ohio Prof. Cond. R. 1.4(c). Treat this page as historical context, not current guidance. Verify against current rules before relying on any specific rule or requirement mentioned here.

Plain-English summary

The Board addressed whether a "contract attorney," one who performs legal research and writing for other attorneys on a contract basis, must comply with the professional-liability-insurance notice requirement of DR 1-104. The key facts were that this attorney is not engaged by clients, does not meet with clients, and does not offer advice to clients.

On those facts, the Board concluded that the attorney is not considered to be engaged in the practice of law and is therefore not subject to the professional-liability-insurance notice requirements of DR 1-104. The notice requirement runs to a lawyer's own clients, and a contract research-and-writing lawyer who has no client engagement, meeting, or advice relationship has no clients to notify.

Common questions

Q: Does a contract research lawyer have to tell clients about malpractice insurance?

A: No, on these facts. The opinion concluded that a contract research-and-writing attorney who is not engaged by, does not meet with, and does not advise clients is not subject to the DR 1-104 insurance notice.

Q: Why doesn't the insurance-notice rule apply?

A: Per the opinion, because the contract attorney is not engaged in the practice of law as to clients (no engagement, meeting, or advice), the rule's notice obligation, which runs to a lawyer's clients, is not triggered.

Background and rules framework

The opinion interprets former Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility DR 1-104, which required a lawyer to give clients notice when the lawyer did not maintain professional-liability insurance above a threshold. The current analogue is Ohio Prof. Cond. R. 1.4(c) (Model Rule 1.4 family), which addresses the same insurance-disclosure obligation.

Citations and references

Rules of Professional Conduct:

Former Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility DR 1-104
Current analogue: Ohio Prof. Cond. R. 1.4(c)

Source

Landing page: https://ohioadvop.org/advisory-opinion-index/
Original PDF: https://www.ohioadvop.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Op-05-001.pdf

Original opinion text

Reproduced from the official source for research purposes. The linked source is authoritative.

The Supreme Court of Ohio
BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS ON GRIEVANCES AND DISCIPLINE
65 SOUTH FRONT STREET, 5TH FLOOR, COLUMBUS, OH 43215-3431
(614) 387-9370 (888) 664-8345 FAX: (614) 387-9379
www.sconet.state.oh.us

                                    OFFICE OF SECRETARY




                               OPINION 2005-1
                            Issued February 4, 2005

[CPR Opinion-provides advice under the Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility
which is superseded by the Ohio Rules of Professional Conduct, eff. 2/1/2007.]

SYLLABUS: An attorney who performs research and writing on a contract basis
to other attorneys, but who is not engaged by, does not meet with, and does not
offer advice to clients is not considered to be engaged in the practice of law and is
not subject to the professional liability insurance notice requirements of DR 1-
104.

OPINION: This opinion addresses the applicability of professional liability
insurance notice requirements in the Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility to
attorneys who provide legal research and writing to other attorneys on a contract
basis.

   Is an attorney who performs research and writing on a contract
   basis to other attorneys subject to the disciplinary rule
   requirements regarding notice of professional liability insurance?

Since July 1, 2001, Ohio attorneys are required to either maintain professional
liability insurance or provide written notice to clients that professional liability
insurance is not maintained. The rule, with its notice requirement, is set forth in
full below.

DR 1-104. DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO THE CLIENT.

(A) A lawyer shall inform a client at the time of the client's engagement of the
lawyer or at any time subsequent to the engagement if the lawyer does not
maintain professional liability insurance in the amounts of at least one
hundred thousand dollars per occurrence and three hundred thousand
dollars in the aggregate or if the lawyer's professional liability insurance is
terminated. The notice shall be provided to the client on a separate form
set forth following this rule and shall be signed by the client.

(B) A lawyer shall maintain a copy of the notice signed by the client for five
years after termination of representation of the client.

(C) The notice required by division (A) of this rule shall not apply to a lawyer
who is engaged in either of the following:

Op. 2005-1 2

      (1) Rendering legal services to a governmental entity that employs the
          lawyer;

      (2) Rendering legal services to an entity that employs the lawyer as in-
          house counsel.

                          NOTICE TO CLIENT

                           Required by DR 1-104

                 Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility

Pursuant to DR 1-104 of the Ohio Code of Professional Responsibility, I am
required to notify you that I do not maintain professional liability (malpractice)
insurance of at least $100,000 per occurrence and $300,000 in the aggregate.

                                                    Attorney's Signature

CLIENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I acknowledge receipt of the notice required by DR 1-104 of the Ohio Code of
Professional Responsibility that [insert attorney's name] does not maintain
professional liability (malpractice) insurance of at least $100,000 per occurrence
and $300,000 in the aggregate.

                                                    Client's Signature

                                                    Date

Under DR 1-104(C)(1) and (2), there are two stated exceptions to the rule. The
notice requirement does not apply to a government lawyer (a lawyer who is
engaged in rendering legal services to a government entity that employs the
lawyer) or to in-house counsel (a lawyer who renders legal services to an entity
that employs the lawyer as in-house counsel).

The professional liability insurance notice requirements of DR 1-104(A) apply to
attorneys who are engaged by clients to provide legal services. The rule is not
applicable to attorneys who provide legal research and writing to other attorneys
on a contract basis, but who are not engaged by, do not meet with, and do not
offer advice to clients. “[A] legal research and writing service exclusively for
lawyers and law firms is not considered the practice of law.” Ohio Sup.Ct., Bd.
Commrs. Grievances & Discipline, Op. 88-018 (1988).

In conclusion, the Board advises that an attorney who performs research and
writing on a contract basis to other attorneys, but who is not engaged by, does not
meet with, and does not offer advice to clients is not considered to be engaged in
the practice of law and is not subject to the professional liability insurance notice
requirements of DR 1-104.

Op. 2005-1 3

Advisory Opinions of the Board of Commissioners on Grievances and
Discipline are informal, nonbinding opinions in response to
prospective or hypothetical questions regarding the application of the
Supreme Court Rules for the Government of the Bar of Ohio, the
Supreme Court Rules for the Government of the Judiciary, the Code
of Professional Responsibility, the Code of Judicial Conduct, and the
Attorney’s Oath of Office.

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