Statute Annotations › Delaware › 8 Del. Code Ann. § 271

8 Del. Code Ann. § 271

Sale, lease or exchange of assets: the cases that interpreted this section

Jurisdiction
Delaware
Case notes
21
Cited in passing
38
Citing cases indexed
66
Case dates
1954–2026
Screened through
2026-05-20
Checked for later law changes
2026-10-23
Courts' treatment: live
No reviewed case has held this section invalid, preempted, superseded or repealed.
This reflects what the reviewed cases said, not legislative action: a later amendment or repeal by the legislature would not appear here unless a reviewed case discussed it.

59 citing cases reviewed of 66 in the citation index: 21 interpreted the section (annotated below), 38 cited it only in passing. Cases filed after 2026-05-20 may not have been reviewed yet.

Have a situation under 8 Del. Code Ann. § 271?

These notes show how courts have ruled. Ask about your specific facts and see which of these rulings apply, with citations you can check.

Later changes in law

Changes after the earliest notes below. A note stating a rule one of these changed is marked "Law changed since".

  • 1983-07-01 Chapter 112 extended § 271 to nonstock corporations and allowed directors to abandon a previously approved asset sale, subject to third-party contract rights. Source
  • 2005-08-01 Chapter 30 added § 271(c), which includes wholly owned subsidiaries' assets when measuring a corporation's assets but dispenses with a stockholder vote for a transfer to a subsidiary unless the certificate of incorporation requires one. Source
  • 2010-08-01 Chapter 253 expanded the members entitled to vote on a nonstock corporation's covered asset sale to include members given that vote by its certificate or bylaws. Source
  • 2022-06-15 The Delaware Supreme Court in Stream TV Networks, Inc. v. SeeCubic, Inc. held that § 271 has no insolvency exception, reversing the earlier trial-court construction. Source
  • 2023-08-01 Chapter 98 amended § 272 to clarify when a foreclosure or board-authorized alternative sale of pledged assets needs no § 271(a) stockholder vote. Source

Sale of all or substantially all corporate assets; shareholder approval

Law changed since Since August 1, 2005, § 271(c) dispenses with the stockholder vote for a transfer to a wholly owned subsidiary unless the certificate of incorporation requires it; the general approval rule stated here remains applicable to other covered sales.

Section 271 requires shareholder approval for a corporation’s sale of all or substantially all of its assets when the sale is outside the normal course of business.

Western Land Corp. v. Lichtenstein · filed 1977-03-15

Section 271 of the Delaware Corporation Act (Del. Code Ann. tit. 8, § 271 (1967)) requires shareholder approval in instances where all or substantially all of the assets of the corporation are sold in other than the normal course of business. ... The court’s ruling that there was no material issue of fact on this issue was proper. ... We also believe that the court properly ruled that the sale was in the normal course of business. ... Western Land’s purpose according to its articles of incorporation was to develop and sell property which it did here.
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Section 271(a) requires directors approving a sale of all or substantially all corporate assets to make an independent, continuing determination that its terms are expedient and in the corporation’s best interests.

Great Western Producers Co-Operative v. Great Western United Corp. · filed 1980-06-30(a)

We therefore hold that the “best efforts” clause did not bind United’s board of directors to recommend security holder approval of the purchase agreement when, subsequent to the execution of the agreement and the directors’ initial determination under § 271(a), the directors inquired into changed circumstances and determined, pursuant to the exercise of their independent good faith judgment, that the terms of the purchase agreement were no longer in the security holders’ best interests.
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Law changed since Same change as noted above.

Section 271(a) requires majority stockholder approval for a sale of all or substantially all corporate assets, assessed quantitatively and qualitatively.

Gimbel v. Signal Companies, Inc. · filed 1974-01-10(a)

I conclude that measured quantatively and qualitatively, the sale of the stock of Signal Oil by Signal to Burmah does not constitute a sale of “all or substantially all” of Signal’s assets. ... Accordingly, insofar as the complaint rests on 8 Del.C. § 271(a), in my judgment, it has no reasonable probability of ultimate success.
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Law changed since Same change as noted above.

Section 271 requires approval by a majority of outstanding voting stockholders before a corporation sells substantially all its assets, with a meeting called on at least twenty days’ notice.

Katz v. Bregman · filed 1981-04-20

I conclude that because the proposed sale of Plant National (Quebec) Ltd. would, if consummated, constitute a sale of substantially all of the assets of Plant Industries, Inc., as presently constituted, that an injunction should issue preventing the consummation of such sale at least until it has been approved by a majority of the outstanding stockholders of Plant Industries, Inc., entitled to vote at a meeting duly called on at least twenty days’ notice.
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Law changed since Same change as noted above.

Section 271 requires approval by a majority of outstanding shares for a sale of assets; approval by an independent majority shifts the burden of proving unfairness to the challengers.

Schiff v. RKO Pictures Corp. · filed 1954-03-26

This is a proposed sale of assets under 8 Del.C. § 271. ... Thus sufficient shares were voted in favor of the offer to meet the statutory requirement without counting the Hughes' stock. This being so, it seems to me that even assuming that, otherwise, RKO would have the burden of showing the fairness of the transaction on the theory that the purchaser Hughes dominated and controlled the board of directors, nevertheless, the independent majority stockholder approval has the effect of shifting that burden back to the plaintiffs.
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Section 271 does not invalidate directors’ approval of an asset sale merely because some directors lacked full knowledge of every factor affecting value.

Cottrell v. Pawcatuck Company · filed 1955-09-28

But I conclude that the action taken at the directors' meeting of November 12, 1953 to authorize the sale of assets did not violate the Delaware Statute, 8 Del.C. § 271. See Allied Chemical & Dye Corporation v. Steel & Tube Co., 14 Del.Ch. 64, 122 A. 142. It is true that not all the directors were fully conversant with all the value factors involved. But that does not mean the approval is invalid.
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Section 271 permits officers who are also directors to negotiate an asset sale before the board votes on it.

Smith v. Good Music Station · filed 1957-01-30

Such action is inherent in any sale of assets plan negotiated by officer-directors. Indeed, the sale of assets statute fairly contemplates such a procedure. Plaintiff's contention is without merit.
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A stockholder challenging a Section 271 asset sale bears the burden of proving fraud or a sale price so inadequate that it amounts to constructive fraud.

Marks v. Wolfson · filed 1963-02-08

Here, there being no credible evidence of self-dealing or of a sharing in illegal and secret profits, plaintiffs to succeed were compelled to carry the burden of seeking to establish that the price paid for the assets in question was so inadequate as to fall without the purview of the type of transaction authorized by Title 8 Del.C. § 271. This they failed to do.
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Section 271 permits stockholders to approve an asset sale at a minimum price while leaving its final terms to the directors.

Clarke Memorial College v. Monaghan Land Co. · filed 1969-09-09

Hence approval by the stockholders of a sale “upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration,” not less than $2,400,000, as the directors might subsequently determine to be in the best interest of the corporation satisfies the statute.
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Law changed since Same change as noted above.

Section 271 requires shareholder approval for a sale of all or substantially all of a corporation’s assets.

Atwood Grain & Supply Co. v. Growmark, Inc. · filed 1989-05-19(a)

Gromark is a single corporation and substantially all of its assets were not sold, therefore, plaintiffs’ claim that the Board should have consulted them under DehCode sec. 271 must fail.
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Law changed since Same change as noted above.

Section 271 permits a corporation’s board, with approval from a majority of stockholders, to sell all of its assets.

Gomberg v. Midvale Company · filed 1955-12-30

In the actions before us a statute of Delaware, the state in which ... Midvale was incorporated, grants the right to the board of directors, upon the approval of a majority of stockholders, to sell the entire assets of the corporations. 8 Del.C. § 271.
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Section 271(a) requires board and stockholder approval for a sale of all or substantially all of a corporation’s assets.

Stream TV Networks, Inc. v. SeeCubic, Inc. · filed 2020-12-08(a)

The statute thus mandates a two-step process: the board must approve the sale, and the stockholders must approve it.
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Section 271 requires a stockholder vote for a sale of substantially all corporate assets, assessed by the sale’s quantitative and qualitative effect on the company.

Altieri v. Alexy · filed 2023-05-22(a)

Under the circumstances, Plaintiff has not adequately alleged that the Sale triggered the voting requirement of Section 271. Count I is dismissed.
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Section 271(a) requires majority stockholder approval to sell all or substantially all of a corporation’s assets.

ATP Marin, Inc., a Delaware Corporation v. Sentinel Global Partners USA, Inc., a Delaware Corporation · filed 2026-05-07(a)

After a one-day trial, I conclude that the transfer of the yachts to Sentinel was invalid under Section 271 of the Delaware General Corporation Law and must be rescinded. When the transfers occurred, the yachts were ATP’s only assets; under Section 271, therefore, approval of ATP’s majority owner, Koza Holding, was required to effectuate the sales.
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Section 271(a) requires shareholder approval of a corporate asset sale at a meeting with 20 days’ notice; it does not govern disclosure of the sale’s terms.

Overwell Harvest, Limited v. Trading Technologies International, Inc. · filed 2024-08-12(a)

But § 271 does not concern disclosure, only that a sale of a corporation be approved at a meeting of the shareholders and that the shareholders receive 20 days’ notice of such a meeting.
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A Section 271 claim must allege a transaction involving the sale, lease, or exchange of all or substantially all of the corporation’s assets.

Dorsey v. Jones · filed 2026-03-27

The counterclaim does not allege, even in conclusory fashion, that any of the transactions about which Jones vaguely complains were a sale, lease, or exchange of “all or substantially all” of Roots’ assets.
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De facto merger

Section 271 permits a corporation to sell all its assets for another corporation's stock; a compliant sale does not become a de facto merger merely because the seller will dissolve and distribute that stock to its shareholders.

Hariton v. Arco Electronics, Inc. · filed 1962-06-13

The right of the corporation to sell all of its assets for stock in another corporation was expressly accorded to Arco by § 271 of Title 8, Del.C. ... I conclude that the transaction complained of was not a de facto merger, either in the sense that there was a failure to comply with one or more of the requirements of § 271 of the Delaware Corporation Law, or that the result accomplished was in effect a merger entitling plaintiff to a right of appraisal.
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Standing to sue

Section 271 permits only stockholders entitled to vote on a sale of assets to challenge a failure to obtain the required vote.

Winston v. Mandor · filed 1997-05-12

Section 271 defines the class of persons it wishes to protect by requiring the vote of those shareholders entitled to vote as opposed to all shareholders. Additionally, the underlying corporation law policy is better served in this instance by restricting standing to sue under section 271 to this class.
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Insolvency exception

Law changed since The Delaware Supreme Court held on 2022-06-15 in Stream TV Networks, Inc. v. SeeCubic, Inc. that § 271 has no insolvency exception, ending this trial-court rule.

Section 271 requires majority stockholder approval for covered asset sales but preserves directors’ authority to sell an insolvent or failing corporation’s assets without a stockholder vote.

Stream TV Networks, Inc. v. SeeCubic, Inc. · filed 2021-12-08(a)

Section 271 therefore did not supersede the common law’s recognition that directors could sell the assets of an insolvent or failing firm without stockholder approval, particularly when doing so would avoid an execution sale.
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Section 271(a) has no insolvency exception to its stockholder vote requirement for a sale, lease, or exchange of all or substantially all corporate assets.

Steam TV Networks, Inc. v. SeeCubic, Inc. · filed 2022-06-15(a)

Accordingly, we clarify that there presently is no insolvency exception embedded in Section 271.
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Foreclosure sales

Section 271(a) does not require a stockholder vote when a secured creditor forecloses on the corporation’s assets.

Glean Tech Fund II LP v. McIntosh · filed 2025-09-02(a)

The Director Defendants offer two arguments: (1) Section 271 approval was not required under the statutory regime as it existed at the time of the foreclosure sale and (2) even if a vote were required under the statutory framework that was in effect at the time of the foreclosure sale, a subsequent amendment to Section 272 makes clear that no such vote is required.99 The court agrees with the first argument and does not reach ... the second.
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38 more cases cited this section only in passing

These cases mention the section without interpreting it (a string cite, a footnote, background). Listed so you can see the full citation record, not just the annotated rulings.

R-G Denver, Ltd. v. First City Holdings of Colorado, Inc., Robert H. Goodman, Mortab, Ltd., and First City Financial Cor, the opinion cites § 271(a) and (b) only in a footnote comparing Delaware law mentioned in the underlying Colorado case; it does not interpret, apply, or decide anything about § 271. opinion →
In Re Creative Restaurant Management, Inc., section 271 is cited only in a footnote to a factual-background statement explaining why the debtors pursued Chapter 11; the court did not interpret, apply, or decide anything about the statute. opinion →
Alumax Inc. v. Comr. of IRS, the court cites § 271(a) only as a parenthetical reference for the phrase "substantially all" while discussing the board's general oversight of asset transactions. It does not construe, apply, or decide anything about § 271(a). opinion →
Alumax Inc. v. Comr. of IRS, section 271(a) is cited only parenthetically for a general point about the scope of board oversight; the court does not interpret, apply, or decide anything about § 271. opinion →
Orzeck v. Englehart, the court cites Section 271 when describing earlier asset sale decisions, then decides that this stock purchase was valid under Section 123. opinion →
BSF COMPANY v. Philadelphia National Bank, the court mentions § 271 to explain the shareholder approval obtained for the sale, then decides what the debenture indenture requires. opinion →
Alcott v. Hyman, the court expressly declined to decide whether § 271 authorized the transaction. opinion →
Epstein v. Celotex Corporation, the court cites the section only in passing after describing the plaintiff’s request to prevent the majority stockholder from voting. opinion →
Umbriac v. Kaiser, the court cites § 271 as an analogy while applying Nevada law to the liquidation. opinion →
Williams v. Geier, the court cites § 271 as an example of a transaction requiring board and stockholder approval while deciding the validity of a charter amendment under § 242. opinion →
Gonzalez v. Fairgale Properties Co., N.V., the court identified § 271 as the basis for the shareholder’s voting claim but dismissed the suit because the amount in controversy was insufficient. opinion →
Geer v. Cox, the court identifies § 271 as the basis of a claim while deciding supplemental jurisdiction and class certification under other rules. opinion →
Trenwick America Litigation Trust v. Ernst & Young, L.L.P., the court cites § 271 as a possible analogy for interpreting an indenture while dismissing a malpractice claim. opinion →
Farmers for Fairness v. Kent County, the court cites another case’s discussion of § 271 only as an analogy in its analysis of county legislation. opinion →
Williams v. McGreevey (In Re Touch America Holdings, Inc.), the court cites § 271 while describing another court’s case, then decides whether the Montana shareholders’ claim is direct or derivative. opinion →
Wooley v. Lucksinger, the court addresses Texas shareholder liability under Article 2.21 and does not decide any issue under Delaware’s asset-sale statute. opinion →
In re: Westech Capital Corp., the court cited § 271(a) as an example of statutory voting language raised by the defendants while interpreting a private voting agreement. opinion →
Massuda v. Panda Express, Inc., the court cites § 271(a) while suggesting the sale may have required a member vote, but resolves the claim on derivative injury grounds. opinion →
Gary Veloric, the court cites the section as an analogy when interpreting a change-of-control clause in a contract. opinion →
Salamone v. Gorman, the court cites § 271(a) as an example in a party’s argument about the wording of a voting agreement. opinion →
Miramar Police Officers' Retirement Plan v. Murdoch, the court cites § 271(a) only as an example of an asset-transfer threshold the parties could have included in their settlement agreement. opinion →
Miller v. American Capital, Ltd. (In re NewStarcom Holdings, Inc.), the court lists the section in a footnote without stating or applying a rule from it. opinion →
City of North Miami Beach General Employees' Retirement Plan v. Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Inc., the court discusses Section 271 to distinguish an earlier asset-sale decision while deciding appraisal rights under Section 262. opinion →
Metro Storage International LLC v. Harron, the court mentions Section 271 only in a citation to another case while discussing agency and personal jurisdiction. opinion →
Facchina Construction Litigations, the court cites Section 271 while assessing whether a sale triggered a payment under the parties’ agreement. opinion →
Macrophage Therapeutics, Inc. v. Michael M. Goldberg, M.D. and M1M2 Therapeutics, Inc., the court mentions the Section 271 claim but addresses fiduciary duty and conversion in this opinion. opinion →
Towers Watson & Co. v. National Union Fire Insurance Company Pittsburgh, PA, the court cites § 271 to contrast asset sales with mergers while deciding whether an insurance exclusion covers the merger. opinion →
Hawk Investment Holdings Ltd. v. Stream TV Networks, Inc., the court uses Section 271(c) as an analogy while discussing standing under Section 225. opinion →
Chen v. Taipei American School Foundation, the court cites Section 271(a) only in a footnote listing provisions the plaintiff invoked to interpret Section 109(a). opinion →
In Re AMC Entertainment Holdings, Inc. Stockholder Litigation, the court cites Section 271(a) as an example of a stockholder voting right while discussing board interference with voting. opinion →
Wagner v. BRP Group, Inc., the court cites Section 271 to compare approval structures while deciding whether the stockholder agreement restricts the board’s authority under Section 141(a). opinion →
Harman International Industries, Incorporated v. Illinois National Insurance Company, the court cites § 271 indirectly through another case while deciding whether the transaction was an acquisition under an insurance policy. opinion →
Barkan v. Exabeam, Inc., the court cites Section 271 in a footnote describing an earlier decision about the limits of appraisal rights under Section 262. opinion →
Rhodium Encore LLC and Air HPC LLC, the court recounts the Debtors’ argument about § 271 without deciding what the section means or requires. opinion →
Koscho v. The Merit Distribution Group, LLC, the court cites a prior § 271 decision for the meaning of “substantial” while interpreting a contractual release. opinion →
Daniel S. Peña v. MacArthur Group, Inc., the court mentions Section 271 while recounting the plaintiff’s argument about lost voting rights, then decides whether the merger qualifies as a reorganization. opinion →
In the Matter of the Liquidation of Scottish RE (U.S.) Inc., the court cites Section 271 only to illustrate how the term “reorganization” is used in corporate law while discussing insurance liquidation. opinion →
Chodniewicz v. ART.com CA1/2, the court cites the section as the baseline stockholder approval requirement while deciding what additional votes the corporation’s certificate requires. opinion →

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