Medical Malpractice Complaint - Arkansas

MEDICAL MALPRACTICE COMPLAINT — ARKANSAS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Caption
2. Preamble
3. Parties
4. Jurisdiction and Venue
5. Rule 11 and Expert-Proof Control
6. Statement of Facts
7. Count I — Medical Negligence (Individual Provider)
8. Count II — Corporate / Institutional Negligence
9. Count III — Vicarious Liability / Respondeat Superior
10. Count IV — Lack of Informed Consent (Optional)
11. Count V — Wrongful Death (If Applicable)
12. Count VI — Gross Negligence and Punitive Damages (Optional)
13. Damages
14. Negation of Comparative Fault
15. Jury Demand
16. Prayer for Relief
17. Verification and Signature

1. Caption

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF [COUNTY] COUNTY, ARKANSAS
[___]TH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT — [CIVIL] DIVISION

Case No.: [____________________]

COMPLAINT

JURY TRIAL DEMANDED

2. Preamble

COMES NOW the Plaintiff, [PLAINTIFF NAME], by and through undersigned counsel, and for [his/her/their] Complaint against the Defendants, states as follows:

3. Parties

A. Plaintiff

1. Plaintiff [PLAINTIFF NAME] is an adult resident and citizen of [CITY], [COUNTY] County, Arkansas, residing at [ADDRESS]. At all times relevant to this Complaint, Plaintiff was a patient of one or more of the Defendants.

B. Defendant Health Care Providers

2. Defendant [PHYSICIAN NAME], M.D. is, upon information and belief, a physician licensed to practice medicine in the State of Arkansas (License No. [____________]) by the Arkansas State Medical Board, with a principal place of business at [ADDRESS]. Dr. [LAST NAME] is a "medical care provider" as that term is defined in Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-201(2).

3. Defendant [HOSPITAL / CLINIC NAME] is [a corporation organized under the laws of [STATE] / a limited liability company organized under the laws of [STATE] / a non-profit corporation], authorized to conduct business in Arkansas and operating a [hospital / outpatient clinic / surgery center] at [ADDRESS] in [COUNTY] County, Arkansas. [HOSPITAL] is a "medical care provider" within the meaning of Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-201(2). Its registered agent for service of process is [AGENT NAME] at [AGENT ADDRESS].

4. Defendant [PROFESSIONAL CORPORATION / LLC NAME] is, upon information and belief, [a professional corporation / a limited liability company] organized under the laws of Arkansas, with a principal place of business at [ADDRESS]. At all relevant times, [PHYSICIAN NAME] was an [employee / member / shareholder] of [PC/LLC NAME], acting within the course and scope of [his/her] employment.

5. Defendants JOHN DOES 1-10 are individuals or entities whose true identities are presently unknown to Plaintiff, but who provided medical care to Plaintiff or were otherwise involved in the conduct giving rise to this action. Plaintiff will amend this Complaint to substitute their true names upon discovery, pursuant to Ark. R. Civ. P. 15.

4. Jurisdiction and Venue

6. This Court has subject-matter jurisdiction over this action pursuant to Amendment 80 of the Arkansas Constitution, which vests the Circuit Court with original jurisdiction over all matters not otherwise assigned. The amount in controversy exceeds the jurisdictional minimum of any inferior court.

7. Venue is proper in [COUNTY] County, Arkansas, pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-213, because [the alleged acts of medical negligence occurred in [COUNTY] County / Plaintiff resided in [COUNTY] County at the time of the alleged negligence].

8. This Court has personal jurisdiction over each Defendant because each Defendant [resides in / is incorporated in / maintains continuous and systematic contacts with / conducted the business of medicine in] Arkansas.

9. This is an action for "medical injury" as defined in Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-201(3) and is governed by the Arkansas Medical Malpractice Act, Ark. Code Ann. §§ 16-114-201 through 16-114-213.

5. Rule 11 and Expert-Proof Control

10. Plaintiff's counsel has reviewed the current signing and factual-support duties under Ark. R. Civ. P. 11 and the proof requirements that apply to each allegation. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-209 does not impose a current affidavit requirement; the Arkansas Supreme Court expressly superseded that section in In re Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure 11 and 42, 2015 Ark. 88.

11. When the asserted negligence is outside ordinary jury comprehension, counsel has identified qualified opinion support for the locality-based standard, breach, and proximate-result elements in § 16-114-206. Any expert report, affidavit, disclosure, or filing will be handled only under the current evidence rules, scheduling order, and independently verified procedure that governs this case.

6. Statement of Facts

A. Patient Background and Presentation

12. On or about DATE, Plaintiff [presented to / was admitted to / sought care from] [PROVIDER / FACILITY] for [chief complaint / reason for visit].

13. At the time of presentation, Plaintiff was [age], with a relevant medical history including [history], and presented with [symptoms / clinical findings].

14. Plaintiff fully and accurately disclosed [his/her] symptoms, history, allergies, and prior treatment to the Defendants and complied with the Defendants' instructions regarding [examination / pre-procedure preparation / disclosure of information].

B. Course of Treatment and Negligent Acts

15. [Describe the treating providers, the diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, and the negligent acts/omissions in chronological order. Be specific as to dates, providers, and the act or omission. Examples include:]

☐ Failure to order indicated diagnostic studies (e.g., [imaging / labs / consultation]);

☐ Misinterpretation of [imaging / pathology / laboratory] results;

☐ Failure to recognize and respond to [vital sign abnormalities / lab abnormalities / clinical deterioration];

☐ Failure to obtain timely [specialist consultation / surgical intervention / transfer];

☐ Improper medication selection, dosing, route, or monitoring;

☐ Surgical or procedural error (e.g., wrong site, wrong patient, retained foreign body, technical departure from standard);

☐ Failure to obtain valid informed consent for [procedure / treatment];

☐ Failure to communicate critical results [to patient / to covering provider / to receiving facility];

☐ Inadequate post-procedure or discharge monitoring and follow-up;

☐ Premature discharge despite clinical instability.

16. [Continue chronological narrative with specific dates, providers, and findings, paragraph by paragraph. Use enough detail to satisfy Ark. R. Civ. P. 8 fact-pleading standard, which is more demanding than the federal "notice pleading" standard. Arkansas requires "facts," not "conclusions."]

C. Discovery of Injury

17. As a direct and proximate result of the conduct described above, Plaintiff suffered [describe injuries — diagnosis, sequelae, additional treatments, permanent impairments].

18. Plaintiff first learned of the negligent conduct on or about DATE, when [describe how injury and its cause were discovered]. This action is filed within two (2) years of the wrongful act complained of, as required by Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-203(a). [If foreign-object case: This action is also filed within one (1) year of the date the foreign object was, or reasonably should have been, discovered, as required by § 16-114-203(b).] [If the alleged medical injury occurred during childbirth: This action is filed before the minor's fifth birthday as required by § 16-114-203(c)(3), added by Act 140 of 2025.]

7. Count I — Medical Negligence (Individual Provider)

19. Plaintiff incorporates paragraphs 1 through 18 by reference.

20. At all relevant times, Defendant [PHYSICIAN NAME] held [himself/herself] out as a [specialty] physician and accepted Plaintiff as a patient, thereby creating a physician-patient relationship and undertaking a duty to provide care in accordance with the applicable standard of care.

21. The applicable standard of care is the degree of skill and learning ordinarily possessed and used by members of [PHYSICIAN'S SPECIALTY] in good standing, engaged in the same type of practice or specialty in [the locality where care was rendered] or in a similar locality, as recognized under Ark. Code Ann. §§ 16-114-206 and 16-114-207.

22. Defendant [PHYSICIAN NAME] breached the applicable standard of care by, among other acts and omissions:

☐ [Specific breach 1 — e.g., "failing to order a CT angiogram of the chest in a 52-year-old patient presenting with acute pleuritic chest pain, hypoxemia, and tachycardia"];

☐ [Specific breach 2];

☐ [Specific breach 3];

☐ [Add additional specific breaches as supported by the medical record and reviewing-expert opinion].

23. As a direct and proximate result of Defendant [PHYSICIAN NAME]'s breaches of the standard of care, Plaintiff suffered the injuries and damages described herein, which would not otherwise have occurred.

24. To the extent the asserted negligence is outside ordinary jury comprehension, Plaintiff will offer the qualified opinion proof required by Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-206 and the current evidence rules.

8. Count II — Corporate / Institutional Negligence

25. Plaintiff incorporates paragraphs 1 through 24 by reference.

26. Defendant [HOSPITAL / CLINIC NAME] owed Plaintiff an independent, non-delegable duty to provide reasonable care in:

☐ Credentialing, privileging, and supervising members of its medical staff;

☐ Staffing the [unit / department] with qualified nursing and ancillary personnel in adequate numbers;

☐ Implementing and enforcing reasonable policies and procedures regarding [the clinical area at issue, e.g., sepsis recognition, fall prevention, medication reconciliation, surgical time-outs];

☐ Maintaining equipment and physical premises;

☐ Properly responding to known or knowable patterns of substandard care.

27. Defendant [HOSPITAL / CLINIC NAME] breached these duties by, among other acts and omissions:

☐ [Specific institutional failure 1];

☐ [Specific institutional failure 2];

☐ [Specific institutional failure 3].

28. These breaches were a direct and proximate cause of the injuries and damages described herein.

9. Count III — Vicarious Liability / Respondeat Superior

29. Plaintiff incorporates paragraphs 1 through 28 by reference.

30. At all relevant times, Defendants [PHYSICIAN NAME], [NURSING STAFF], and [OTHER PERSONNEL] were [employees / actual agents / apparent agents / ostensible agents] of Defendant [HOSPITAL / CLINIC / PC / LLC], acting within the course and scope of [their] [employment / agency].

31. Defendant [HOSPITAL / CLINIC / PC / LLC] is vicariously liable for the negligent acts and omissions of its employees and agents under the doctrines of respondeat superior, actual agency, and apparent or ostensible agency, as recognized in Arkansas law.

32. Plaintiff specifically alleges apparent agency as to [PHYSICIAN NAME] in that:

☐ Defendant [HOSPITAL] held [PHYSICIAN] out as a member of its medical staff providing care on its premises;

☐ Plaintiff reasonably relied on the apparent agency relationship and did not select [PHYSICIAN] from outside [HOSPITAL]'s organization; and

☐ Plaintiff was not given any meaningful, conspicuous notice that [PHYSICIAN] was an independent contractor.

10. Count IV — Lack of Informed Consent (Optional)

33. Plaintiff incorporates paragraphs 1 through 32 by reference.

34. Prior to performing [PROCEDURE] on Plaintiff on DATE, Defendant [PHYSICIAN] was obligated to disclose to Plaintiff the material risks, benefits, and reasonable alternatives to the procedure, including the option of no treatment, in a manner that would have permitted a reasonable patient in Plaintiff's position to make an informed decision.

35. Defendant [PHYSICIAN] failed to disclose [identify undisclosed material risks / alternatives, e.g., "the risk of [SPECIFIC RISK], which had a recognized incidence of approximately [____] percent in the relevant patient population"].

36. A reasonable patient in Plaintiff's position, properly informed of the undisclosed risks and alternatives, would not have consented to the procedure.

37. The undisclosed risk materialized and caused the injuries described herein.

11. Count V — Wrongful Death (If Applicable)

38. Plaintiff incorporates paragraphs 1 through 37 by reference.

39. As a direct and proximate result of the negligence of the Defendants, [DECEDENT NAME] died on [DATE OF DEATH].

40. Plaintiff brings this wrongful-death claim pursuant to Ark. Code Ann. § 16-62-102 for the benefit of the statutory beneficiaries:

☐ Surviving spouse: [NAME];

☐ Surviving children: [NAMES];

☐ Surviving parents: [NAMES];

☐ Other beneficiaries entitled under § 16-62-102(d): [NAMES].

41. Plaintiff also brings, in [his/her] capacity as Personal Representative, a survival action under Ark. Code Ann. § 16-62-101 for damages sustained by the decedent prior to death, including conscious pain and suffering, medical expenses, and lost earnings to the date of death.

12. Count VI — Gross Negligence and Punitive Damages (Optional)

42. Plaintiff incorporates paragraphs 1 through 41 by reference.

43. The conduct of Defendant [NAME] was not merely negligent; it constituted gross negligence and conscious, reckless disregard for Plaintiff's safety, in that:

☐ Defendant knew or should have known of [the specific risk of harm];

☐ Defendant continued the conduct in conscious disregard of that risk;

☐ Defendant's conduct demonstrates [pattern of similar conduct / falsification of records / destruction of evidence / [other indicia of reckless or intentional misconduct]].

44. Plaintiff requests punitive damages only if compensatory liability and an aggravating factor related to the injury are established under Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-206 by clear-and-convincing evidence under § 16-55-207, in an amount supported by the evidence and applicable law.

13. Damages

45. As a direct and proximate result of the conduct alleged above, Plaintiff has suffered, and will continue to suffer, damages, including but not limited to:

A. Economic Damages

☐ Past medical, hospital, surgical, rehabilitative, and pharmaceutical expenses in an amount to be proven at trial;

☐ Future medical expenses, including [specific anticipated care: e.g., revision surgery, life-care plan, attendant care], in an amount to be proven at trial;

☐ Past lost wages and lost earning capacity;

☐ Future lost wages and impaired earning capacity;

☐ Other out-of-pocket and consequential economic losses.

B. Non-Economic Damages

☐ Past and future physical pain and suffering;

☐ Past and future mental anguish and emotional distress;

☐ Permanent physical impairment, disfigurement, and scarring;

☐ Loss of enjoyment of life;

☐ [If applicable: loss of consortium / loss of companionship];

☐ [If wrongful death: mental anguish of statutory beneficiaries under § 16-62-102(f)].

C. Punitive Damages (If Pleaded in Count VI)

☐ Punitive damages in an amount to be determined at trial.

46. Pursuant to Ark. Const. art. V, § 32, no statutory or other limitation may be imposed upon the amount Plaintiff is entitled to recover for personal injury or wrongful death. See Bayer CropScience LP v. Schafer, 2011 Ark. 518.

14. Negation of Comparative Fault

47. Plaintiff did not cause or contribute to the injuries described herein. At all relevant times, Plaintiff:

☐ Disclosed [his/her] medical history and presenting symptoms accurately and completely;

☐ Complied with all reasonable instructions given by Defendants;

☐ Took medications as prescribed and presented for follow-up care as directed; and

☐ Did not engage in any conduct that would constitute a substantial cause of [his/her] injuries within the meaning of Ark. Code Ann. § 16-64-122.

48. Plaintiff anticipates that Defendants will attempt to allocate fault to non-parties under Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-202. Plaintiff reserves all rights with respect to any such allocation, including the right to amend to add such non-parties as Defendants and to challenge any allocation that is not supported by competent evidence.

15. Jury Demand

49. Pursuant to Ark. R. Civ. P. 38 and Article 2, Section 7 of the Arkansas Constitution, Plaintiff demands a trial by jury on all issues so triable.

16. Prayer for Relief

WHEREFORE, Plaintiff respectfully prays that this Honorable Court:

A. Enter a several judgment against each liable Defendant in the amount allocated in direct proportion to that Defendant's percentage of fault under Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-201, for compensatory damages proven at trial;

B. Award punitive damages against Defendant [NAME] in an amount sufficient to punish and deter (if Count VI is pleaded);

C. Award Plaintiff prejudgment interest on liquidated economic damages as permitted by Arkansas law;

D. Award Plaintiff post-judgment interest at the statutory rate;

E. Award Plaintiff costs of this action; and

F. Grant such other and further relief as this Court deems just and proper.

17. Verification and Signature

Respectfully submitted,

________________________________
[ATTORNEY NAME], Ark. Bar No. [____________]
[LAW FIRM NAME]
[ADDRESS]
[CITY], Arkansas [ZIP]
Telephone: [(___) ___-____]
Facsimile: [(___) ___-____]
Email: [____________________]

Attorney for Plaintiff

Sources and References

Statutory Authority

• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-201 — Definitions (Medical Malpractice Act)
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-203 — Limitations (wrongful-act, foreign-object, minor, and 2025 childbirth branches)
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-206 — Burden of proof; expert testimony
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-207 — Locality rule
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-208 — Damage awards; periodic payment of future damages
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-114-212 — Pre-suit notice; tolling of limitations
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-201 — Modification of joint and several liability (several only)
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-202 — Allocation of fault
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-206 — Punitive damages — standards
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-207 — Punitive damages — clear and convincing evidence
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-208 — Punitive damages cap (held unconstitutional)
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-55-213 — Venue (medical injury actions)
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-62-101 — Survival action
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-62-102 — Wrongful death
• Ark. Code Ann. § 16-64-122 — Modified comparative fault
• Ark. Const. art. V, § 32 — Workmen's compensation; no limitation on recovery for personal injury or death
• Ark. Const. amend. 80 — Judicial structure (Circuit Court general jurisdiction)

Rules of Procedure and Evidence

• Ark. R. Civ. P. 8, 9, 10, 11, 15, 17, 38
• Ark. R. Evid. 702 (expert testimony, post-Broussard)
• Ark. R. Evid. 801(d)(2) (party admissions)

Controlling and Persuasive Case Law

• Bayer CropScience LP v. Schafer, 2011 Ark. 518, 385 S.W.3d 822 (statutory damages caps unconstitutional under Ark. Const. art. V § 32)
• Broussard v. St. Edward Mercy Health Sys., Inc., 2012 Ark. 14, 386 S.W.3d 385 (same-specialty expert requirement of § 16-114-206 unconstitutional)
• In re Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure 11 and 42, 2015 Ark. 88 (§ 16-114-209 superseded effective April 1, 2015)
• Searcy v. Davenport, 352 Ark. 307, 100 S.W.3d 711 (2003) (continuous-treatment doctrine generally inapplicable in Arkansas medical-injury cases)

Local Practice Resources

• Pulaski County Circuit Court, Civil Division — Administrative Order 14 (case assignment)
• Washington County Circuit Court — Local Rules and Standing Orders
• Benton County Circuit Court — Local Rules

Disclaimer

This template is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Arkansas law and procedure change frequently, and constitutional challenges have repeatedly altered the operation of the Medical Malpractice Act. Confirm all citations and current statutory text on the Arkansas General Assembly website (arkleg.state.ar.us) and consult with a qualified Arkansas attorney before filing.