Montana Bill of Sale

BILL OF SALE

STATE OF MONTANA

DOCUMENT INFORMATION

ARTICLE I — PARTIES

Section 1.1 — Seller

Section 1.2 — Buyer

Section 1.3 — Co-Buyer (if applicable)

ARTICLE II — DEFINITIONS

For purposes of this Bill of Sale, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:

2.1 "As-Is" means the Property is sold in its present condition, with all faults and defects, whether known or unknown, visible or hidden, and without any express or implied warranties except the warranty of title, in accordance with Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-316.

2.2 "Bill of Sale" means this document, including all attachments, addenda, and exhibits referenced herein.

2.3 "Buyer" means the individual or entity purchasing the Property as identified in Section 1.2.

2.4 "Closing Date" means the date upon which all conditions precedent to the sale are satisfied and the Property is transferred from Seller to Buyer.

2.5 "Encumbrance" means any lien, security interest, mortgage, pledge, claim, charge, restriction, or other interest of any kind or nature affecting the Property.

2.6 "Good Faith" means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing, as defined in Mont. Code Ann. § 30-1-201(b)(20).

2.7 "Goods" means all things, including specially manufactured goods, which are movable at the time of identification to the contract for sale, as defined in Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-105.

2.8 "Livestock" means cattle, horses, mules, donkeys, sheep, goats, swine, and any other domesticated animals subject to Montana Department of Livestock jurisdiction under Mont. Code Ann. Title 81.

2.9 "MVD" means the Montana Motor Vehicle Division of the Montana Department of Justice.

2.10 "Property" means all items being sold and transferred under this Bill of Sale, as described in Article IV.

2.11 "Purchase Price" means the total consideration paid or to be paid by Buyer for the Property as set forth in Article V.

2.12 "Seller" means the individual or entity selling the Property as identified in Section 1.1.

ARTICLE III — SALE AND TRANSFER

3.1 Agreement to Sell. Seller hereby agrees to sell, assign, transfer, convey, and deliver to Buyer, and Buyer hereby agrees to purchase from Seller, the Property described in Article IV, for the Purchase Price and upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Bill of Sale.

3.2 Transfer of Ownership. Upon execution of this Bill of Sale and receipt of the full Purchase Price (or execution of an installment agreement as set forth herein), Seller does hereby sell, grant, transfer, and convey unto Buyer all of Seller's right, title, and interest in and to the Property, free and clear of all Encumbrances except as otherwise disclosed herein.

3.3 Effective Date. This Bill of Sale shall be effective as of the date first written above, unless a different Closing Date is specified: [__/__/____].

3.4 Delivery of Property. The Property shall be delivered to Buyer at the following location:

[________________________________]
[________________________________], Montana [____]

3.5 Risk of Loss. In accordance with Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-509, if Seller is a merchant, risk of loss shall pass to Buyer upon Buyer's physical receipt of the Property. If Seller is not a merchant, risk of loss passes upon tender of delivery.

ARTICLE IV — PROPERTY DESCRIPTION

Select all applicable categories and complete the corresponding sections.

Section 4.1 — Motor Vehicle

☐ This transaction includes a motor vehicle.

Odometer Disclosure (Required by Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-206 and 49 U.S.C. § 32705)

Exemptions from Odometer Disclosure: This vehicle is exempt from odometer disclosure requirements because (check if applicable):

☐ Model year 2010 or older
☐ Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) exceeds 16,000 lbs.
☐ Non-motorized vehicle (trailer type)
☐ Low-speed vehicle (LSV), moped, or scooter

Seller certifies that, to the best of Seller's knowledge, the odometer reading set forth above reflects the actual miles the vehicle has been driven, unless otherwise indicated. Seller acknowledges that providing a false odometer statement is a violation of federal law (49 U.S.C. § 32710) and Montana law (Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-206), punishable by fines and imprisonment.

Section 4.2 — General Personal Property

☐ This transaction includes general personal property.

Description of Property:

Attach additional pages if needed. Each additional page must be initialed by both parties.

Section 4.3 — Livestock (Montana-Specific)

☐ This transaction includes livestock.

IMPORTANT: Montana law (Mont. Code Ann. § 81-3-210) requires a bill of sale signed by the seller and adequately describing the livestock sold to prove ownership. A brand inspection is required under Mont. Code Ann. § 81-3-211 before any change of ownership or removal of livestock from the county.

Additional Livestock Description:
[________________________________]
[________________________________]
[________________________________]

Section 4.4 — Agricultural / Ranch Equipment

☐ This transaction includes agricultural or ranch equipment.

Section 4.5 — Watercraft

☐ This transaction includes a watercraft.

ARTICLE V — PURCHASE PRICE AND PAYMENT

Section 5.1 — Total Purchase Price

Amount in Words: [________________________________] Dollars and [____]/100

NOTE: Montana is one of five states that does not impose a general sales tax. However, certain counties may impose a county option tax on vehicle registrations pursuant to Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-537. Buyer is responsible for any applicable county option tax at the time of registration.

Section 5.2 — Method of Payment

☐ Cash
☐ Personal Check (Check No. [________________])
☐ Cashier's Check / Money Order (No. [________________])
☐ Wire Transfer (Confirmation No. [________________])
☐ Electronic Payment / ACH (Confirmation No. [________________])
☐ Trade-In (described below)
☐ Installment Payments (see Section 5.3)
☐ Other: [________________________________]

Trade-In Vehicle / Property (if applicable):

Section 5.3 — Installment Payment Schedule (if applicable)

☐ The Purchase Price shall be paid in installments as follows:

Interest Rate (APR): [____]%
Late Payment Fee: $[________] or [____]% of the payment amount, whichever is greater.
Grace Period: [____] days from due date.

Security Interest: Until all installment payments have been made in full, Seller retains a security interest in the Property. Buyer agrees that Seller may file a UCC-1 Financing Statement with the Montana Secretary of State to perfect this security interest.

Section 5.4 — Consideration Acknowledgment

☐ Gift. The Property is being transferred as a gift with no monetary consideration. Fair market value of gift: $[________________________________].

ARTICLE VI — WARRANTIES AND REPRESENTATIONS

Section 6.1 — Warranty Selection

Select one of the following warranty options:

☐ Option A: AS-IS Sale (No Warranty)

THE PROPERTY IS SOLD "AS-IS, WHERE-IS," WITH ALL FAULTS AND DEFECTS, WHETHER KNOWN OR UNKNOWN, VISIBLE OR HIDDEN. Seller makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to:

• The implied warranty of merchantability (Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-314);
• The implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose (Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-315);
• Any warranty against infringement; or
• Any warranty arising from course of dealing, course of performance, or usage of trade.

Buyer acknowledges that Buyer has had the opportunity to inspect the Property, has examined the Property to Buyer's satisfaction, and accepts the Property in its present condition. Buyer assumes all risk as to the quality, condition, fitness, and performance of the Property.

This exclusion is made in accordance with Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-316.

☐ Option B: Limited Warranty

Seller warrants the Property against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of [____] days / [____] months from the date of sale, subject to the following terms:

Scope of Warranty:
[________________________________]
[________________________________]
[________________________________]

Warranty Exclusions:
[________________________________]
[________________________________]

Warranty Remedy: Seller's sole obligation under this warranty is to:
☐ Repair the defect ☐ Replace the Property ☐ Refund the Purchase Price ☐ Other: [________________________________]

Maximum Warranty Liability: $[________________________________]

☐ Option C: Express Warranty

Seller makes the following express warranties regarding the Property, pursuant to Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-313:

[________________________________]
[________________________________]
[________________________________]
[________________________________]

Section 6.2 — Seller's Representations

Seller represents and warrants to Buyer as follows:

(a) Seller is the lawful owner of the Property and has full legal authority to sell and transfer the Property.

(b) The Property is free and clear of all liens, Encumbrances, security interests, and claims of any kind, except as disclosed in Article VII.

(c) There are no pending or threatened legal actions, proceedings, or investigations that would affect the sale or transfer of the Property.

(d) All information provided by Seller in this Bill of Sale is true, accurate, and complete to the best of Seller's knowledge.

(e) Seller has not engaged in any fraudulent, deceptive, or unfair practices in connection with this sale, in accordance with the Montana Consumer Protection Act (Mont. Code Ann. § 30-14-103).

Section 6.3 — Montana Lemon Law Notice (New Vehicles Only)

NOTICE: Under the Montana New Motor Vehicle Warranty Act (Mont. Code Ann. § 61-4-501 et seq.), new motor vehicles purchased, titled, or leased in Montana that are less than two (2) years old and have fewer than 18,000 miles are protected by Montana's lemon law. If the same nonconformity has been subject to four (4) or more repair attempts or the vehicle has been out of service for a cumulative total of thirty (30) or more business days, the manufacturer must replace or repurchase the vehicle. This protection applies to the manufacturer's warranty and does not apply to used vehicle sales between private parties.

ARTICLE VII — TITLE, OWNERSHIP, AND ENCUMBRANCES

Section 7.1 — Warranty of Title

In accordance with Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-312, Seller warrants that:

(a) The title conveyed shall be good and its transfer rightful;
(b) The Property shall be delivered free from any security interest or other lien or Encumbrance of which Buyer, at the time of contracting, had no knowledge; and
(c) The Property is free from any rightful claim of infringement or the like by any third party.

Section 7.2 — Disclosure of Encumbrances

☐ The Property is free and clear of all liens and Encumbrances.

☐ The following liens or Encumbrances exist on the Property:

Lien Satisfaction Plan:
[________________________________]
[________________________________]

Section 7.3 — Title Transfer for Motor Vehicles

Seller shall deliver to Buyer the following documents within [____] business days of the Closing Date:

☐ Montana Certificate of Title, properly endorsed by all owners of record
☐ Odometer Disclosure Statement (Form MV-90A) (required for vehicles model year 2011 or newer under 16,000 lbs. GVWR)
☐ Bill of Sale (MVD Form MV-24, if applicable)
☐ Lien Release / Satisfaction (if applicable)
☐ Power of Attorney (if signing on behalf of an owner)
☐ Damage Disclosure Statement (if applicable)
☐ Other: [________________________________]

IMPORTANT NOTICE: Pursuant to Montana law, a bill of sale alone cannot transfer ownership of a titled Montana vehicle. All registered owners must sign off on the certificate of title itself. Buyer must present the properly assigned title to the county treasurer's office to obtain a new certificate of title.

ARTICLE VIII — VEHICLE-SPECIFIC PROVISIONS (MONTANA)

This Article applies only if a motor vehicle is included in the sale (Section 4.1).

Section 8.1 — Montana Motor Vehicle Division (MVD) Requirements

Title Transfer Process:

1. Seller's Obligations:
   - Sign the certificate of title on the appropriate line(s) as seller/owner
   - Complete the odometer disclosure on the title (if applicable)
   - Remove license plates unless plates are being transferred with the vehicle (Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-220)
   - Provide a completed Bill of Sale (MVD Form MV-24 recommended)

2. Buyer's Obligations:
   - Present the properly assigned title at the county treasurer's office within thirty (30) days of purchase
   - Pay all applicable title and registration fees
   - Provide proof of Montana liability insurance
   - Pay any applicable county option tax

Section 8.2 — No Sales Tax

Montana does not impose a state sales tax on the sale of motor vehicles or any other goods. This is codified in Montana's tax structure and is a significant distinction from most other states. Buyer should be aware, however, that:

(a) If Buyer is a resident of another state and intends to use the vehicle in that state, Buyer may owe use tax to Buyer's home state regardless of where the purchase takes place.

(b) Certain Montana counties impose a county option tax on motor vehicle registrations based on the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP), depreciated according to a schedule established by law (Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-537).

(c) The following counties do NOT currently levy a county option tax: Big Horn, Deer Lodge, Flathead, Granite, Phillips, and Richland. All other Montana counties may impose a county option tax of up to 0.7% of the depreciated retail value.

Section 8.3 — No Emissions Testing or Safety Inspection

Montana does not require emissions testing or safety inspections for motor vehicles. There is no state-mandated vehicle inspection program. Buyer should exercise independent judgment and may wish to obtain a private pre-purchase inspection before completing this transaction.

Section 8.4 — Registration Fees

Montana vehicle registration fees are based on the age of the vehicle, not its value, pursuant to Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-321. Current approximate fee schedules for light vehicles are:

Fees are subject to change. Buyer should confirm current fees with the county treasurer's office or MVD.

Section 8.5 — Notarization Status

Effective October 1, 2025, pursuant to Montana HB 165 (2025 session), notarization is no longer required for vehicle title transfers in Montana. Individuals may transfer vehicle titles using an affidavit sworn in the manner provided by Montana law. The Montana MVD is prohibited from requiring notarization of such affidavits.

Prior titles: Titles issued before October 1, 2025, may still contain a notary section. Completion of that section is no longer mandatory for transfer.

Section 8.6 — Vehicle Condition Disclosure

Seller discloses the following regarding the vehicle's condition:

☐ The vehicle has NOT been in any accidents.
☐ The vehicle HAS been in one or more accidents. Details: [________________________________]

☐ The vehicle has NOT been declared a total loss by an insurance company.
☐ The vehicle HAS been declared a total loss. Salvage/Rebuilt Title: ☐ Yes ☐ No

☐ The vehicle has NOT sustained flood, fire, or hail damage.
☐ The vehicle HAS sustained flood, fire, or hail damage. Details: [________________________________]

☐ The vehicle has NOT had any frame or structural damage.
☐ The vehicle HAS had frame or structural damage. Details: [________________________________]

☐ The vehicle IS currently operational and drivable.
☐ The vehicle IS NOT currently operational. Known issues: [________________________________]

☐ All manufacturer recalls have been completed.
☐ Outstanding recalls exist. Details: [________________________________]

ARTICLE IX — LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURAL PROVISIONS (MONTANA-SPECIFIC)

This Article applies only if livestock or agricultural equipment is included in the sale (Sections 4.3 or 4.4).

Section 9.1 — Brand Inspection Requirements

Pursuant to Mont. Code Ann. § 81-3-211, a brand inspection by a Montana Department of Livestock brand inspector is mandatory before:

(a) Any change of ownership of livestock in Montana;
(b) Removal of livestock from the county in which they are located; or
(c) Transport of livestock across state lines.

Seller is responsible for arranging the brand inspection unless otherwise agreed. The cost of brand inspection shall be paid by: ☐ Seller ☐ Buyer ☐ Split equally.

To schedule a brand inspection, contact the Montana Department of Livestock Brands Enforcement Division:

• Phone: (406) 444-2045
• Website: https://liv.mt.gov

Section 9.2 — Bill of Sale for Livestock

In accordance with Mont. Code Ann. § 81-3-210, this Bill of Sale serves as proof of ownership and must be presented to the livestock inspector at the time of the change-of-ownership inspection or any county-line or state-line inspection. This document must:

(a) Be signed by the Seller;
(b) Adequately describe the livestock sold; and
(c) Be accompanied by the most recent brand inspection certificate.

Section 9.3 — Health and Veterinary Certifications

☐ A Certificate of Veterinary Inspection (CVI) / Health Certificate is attached.
☐ All required vaccinations are current. Records attached: ☐ Yes ☐ No
☐ Livestock has tested negative for: [________________________________]
☐ Livestock is free from any known communicable diseases.
☐ Other health certifications: [________________________________]

Section 9.4 — Agricultural Equipment Warranties

For agricultural and ranch equipment included in this sale, the following additional representations apply:

☐ Equipment is in working order as of the date of sale.
☐ Equipment is sold "as-is" with no warranty of operability.
☐ Maintenance records are available and provided to Buyer: ☐ Yes ☐ No
☐ Known defects or issues: [________________________________]

ARTICLE X — INDEMNIFICATION

10.1 Seller shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Buyer, and Buyer's heirs, successors, and assigns, from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, damages, liabilities, costs, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) arising out of or related to:

(a) Any breach of Seller's representations or warranties contained in this Bill of Sale;
(b) Any Encumbrance on the Property not disclosed in Article VII;
(c) Any claim by a third party asserting an ownership interest in the Property;
(d) Any violation of applicable Montana or federal law by Seller in connection with this transaction; or
(e) Any personal injury or property damage arising from any defect in the Property that was known to Seller and not disclosed to Buyer.

10.2 Buyer shall indemnify, defend, and hold harmless Seller, and Seller's heirs, successors, and assigns, from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, damages, liabilities, costs, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees) arising out of Buyer's use, ownership, operation, or possession of the Property after the Closing Date.

10.3 Limitation of Liability. To the maximum extent permitted by Montana law, Seller's total aggregate liability under this Bill of Sale shall not exceed the Purchase Price.

ARTICLE XI — DISPUTE RESOLUTION

Section 11.1 — Governing Law

This Bill of Sale shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Montana, including the Montana Uniform Commercial Code (Mont. Code Ann. Title 30, Chapters 1–2A), without regard to its conflict of laws provisions.

Section 11.2 — Jurisdiction and Venue

Any legal action, suit, or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Bill of Sale shall be brought exclusively in the courts of the State of Montana, in the county where the transaction occurred, or in the United States District Court for the District of Montana. Each party irrevocably consents to the personal jurisdiction and venue of such courts.

Section 11.3 — Mediation

Prior to initiating any legal action, the parties agree to attempt to resolve any dispute arising under this Bill of Sale through good-faith mediation conducted by a qualified mediator in the State of Montana.

☐ Mediation required before litigation ☐ Mediation optional

Section 11.4 — Attorneys' Fees

In any action or proceeding to enforce any provision of this Bill of Sale, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover reasonable attorneys' fees and costs from the non-prevailing party, in addition to any other relief to which the prevailing party may be entitled.

ARTICLE XII — GENERAL PROVISIONS

12.1 Entire Agreement. This Bill of Sale constitutes the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the sale of the Property and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous negotiations, representations, warranties, and agreements, whether written or oral, relating to the subject matter hereof. In accordance with Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-202, the terms of this writing may not be contradicted by evidence of any prior agreement or contemporaneous oral agreement.

12.2 Statute of Frauds Compliance. Pursuant to Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-201, this Bill of Sale serves as a writing sufficient to indicate that a contract for sale has been made between the parties and is signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought, for all transactions involving goods priced at $500 or more.

12.3 Amendments. This Bill of Sale may not be modified, amended, or supplemented except by a written instrument signed by both Seller and Buyer.

12.4 Severability. If any provision of this Bill of Sale is held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall continue in full force and effect.

12.5 Waiver. The failure of either party to enforce any right or provision of this Bill of Sale shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision.

12.6 Assignment. Buyer may not assign Buyer's rights or delegate Buyer's obligations under this Bill of Sale without the prior written consent of Seller, except in connection with a subsequent bona fide sale of the Property.

12.7 Notices. All notices required or permitted under this Bill of Sale shall be in writing and shall be deemed effectively given upon personal delivery, or three (3) business days after mailing by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the addresses set forth in Article I.

12.8 Binding Effect. This Bill of Sale shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives, successors, and assigns.

12.9 Counterparts. This Bill of Sale may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

12.10 Electronic Signatures. Electronic signatures shall be valid and enforceable in accordance with Mont. Code Ann. § 30-18-103 et seq. (Montana Uniform Electronic Transactions Act). An odometer disclosure statement may also be executed in electronic form pursuant to Title 30, Chapter 18, Part 1.

12.11 Headings. The headings in this Bill of Sale are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation or construction of this Bill of Sale.

12.12 Time of the Essence. Time is of the essence with respect to all dates and time periods set forth in this Bill of Sale.

ARTICLE XIII — MONTANA-SPECIFIC PROVISIONS

Section 13.1 — No State Sales Tax

Montana is one of five states in the United States that does not impose a general state sales tax (along with Alaska, Delaware, New Hampshire, and Oregon). Accordingly, no state sales tax is due or payable on this transaction.

Section 13.2 — County Option Tax

Certain Montana counties may impose a local option tax on motor vehicle registrations. The county option tax is based on the manufacturer's suggested retail price (MSRP), depreciated according to a schedule established by Montana law, and may not exceed 0.7% of the depreciated retail value. Buyer is responsible for determining whether a county option tax applies in the county where the vehicle will be registered.

Section 13.3 — Montana LLC Vehicle Registration

Montana law permits the formation of limited liability companies (LLCs) under Mont. Code Ann. § 35-8-201 et seq., and vehicles may be registered in the name of a Montana LLC. If Buyer is registering this vehicle through a Montana LLC:

(a) Buyer acknowledges that Buyer may still owe use tax in Buyer's state of residence if the vehicle is primarily used outside Montana.

(b) Buyer is solely responsible for compliance with all applicable state laws regarding vehicle registration, use tax, and insurance requirements in Buyer's state of residence.

(c) Seller makes no representations regarding the tax implications of registering a vehicle through a Montana LLC.

(d) Buyer should consult with a qualified tax professional regarding all tax obligations.

Section 13.4 — Montana Brand Inspection for Livestock

All livestock transactions in Montana require a brand inspection pursuant to Mont. Code Ann. § 81-3-211. The Montana Department of Livestock Brands Enforcement Division administers brand inspections statewide. A bill of sale is required to prove ownership (Mont. Code Ann. § 81-3-210). Failure to obtain proper brand inspection before change of ownership or removal of livestock from the county may result in seizure of the livestock (Mont. Code Ann. § 81-3-204).

Section 13.5 — Rural Transaction Considerations

Montana is a predominantly rural state, and parties to this Bill of Sale should be aware of the following:

(a) County treasurer's offices may have limited hours in rural counties. Buyer should confirm office hours before attempting to transfer title.

(b) Brand inspectors may need to be scheduled in advance for livestock transactions in remote areas.

(c) Some Montana counties have significant distances between population centers. Delivery terms in Section 3.4 should be specific regarding location.

ARTICLE XIV — SIGNATURE BLOCKS

BY SIGNING BELOW, THE PARTIES ACKNOWLEDGE THAT THEY HAVE READ, UNDERSTOOD, AND AGREE TO ALL TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS BILL OF SALE. EACH PARTY REPRESENTS THAT HE, SHE, OR IT HAS THE LEGAL CAPACITY AND AUTHORITY TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT.

Seller

Co-Seller (if applicable)

Buyer

Co-Buyer (if applicable)

Witnesses (Recommended but Not Required)

Witness 1:

Witness 2:

ARTICLE XV — NOTARY ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Notarization is no longer required for vehicle title transfers in Montana effective October 1, 2025 (HB 165). However, notarization is recommended for high-value transactions and may be required for certain title situations (bonded titles, power of attorney transfers, etc.).

☐ The parties elect to have this Bill of Sale notarized.

Seller's Acknowledgment

STATE OF MONTANA
COUNTY OF [________________________________]

On this [____] day of [________________________________], 20[____], before me, the undersigned Notary Public, personally appeared [________________________________], known to me (or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence) to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument, the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed the instrument.

WITNESS my hand and official seal.

Buyer's Acknowledgment

STATE OF MONTANA
COUNTY OF [________________________________]

On this [____] day of [________________________________], 20[____], before me, the undersigned Notary Public, personally appeared [________________________________], known to me (or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence) to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the instrument, the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed the instrument.

WITNESS my hand and official seal.

SOURCES AND REFERENCES

Montana Statutes

• Mont. Code Ann. Title 30, Chapter 2 — Uniform Commercial Code Sales: https://archive.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_0020/parts_index.html
• Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-201 — Statute of Frauds: https://law.justia.com/codes/montana/2019/title-30/chapter-2/part-2/section-30-2-201/
• Mont. Code Ann. § 30-2-314 — Implied Warranty of Merchantability: https://archive.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0300/chapter_0020/part_0030/section_0140/0300-0020-0030-0140.html
• Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-206 — Odometer Disclosure Requirements: https://codes.findlaw.com/mt/title-61-motor-vehicles/mt-st-61-3-206/
• Mont. Code Ann. § 61-3-220 — Voluntary Transfer of Title: https://archive.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0030/part_0020/section_0200/0610-0030-0020-0200.html
• Mont. Code Ann. § 61-4-501 et seq. — Montana Lemon Law: https://www.carlemon.com/montana-lemon-law.html
• Mont. Code Ann. § 81-3-210 — Livestock Bill of Sale: https://archive.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0810/chapter_0030/part_0020/section_0100/0810-0030-0020-0100.html
• Mont. Code Ann. § 81-3-211 — Brand Inspection Before Change of Ownership: https://law.justia.com/codes/montana/title-81/chapter-3/part-2/

Montana Motor Vehicle Division

• MVD Homepage: https://mvdmt.gov/
• Vehicle Title Information: https://mvdmt.gov/vehicle-title-information/
• Forms and Manuals: https://mvdmt.gov/forms-manuals-vehicle-title-registration/
• Bill of Sale Form (MV-24): https://mvdmt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MV24-Bill-of-Sale-0224-FIllable.pdf
• Odometer Disclosure (MV-90A): https://mvdmt.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/MV90A-Odometer-Disclosure-Statement.pdf
• Light Vehicle Registration Fees: https://mvdmt.gov/vehicle-registration/light-vehicle-registration-and-fees/

Montana Department of Livestock

• Brand Inspection Requirements: https://liv.mt.gov/Brands-Enforcement/Inspection-Requirements
• Find a Brand Inspector: https://liv.mt.gov/brands_inspector_index_old

Legislative Updates

• HB 165 (2025) — Notarization Removal: https://projects.montanafreepress.org/capitol-tracker-2025/bills/hb-165/
• Montana Secretary of State — Motor Vehicle Titles: https://sosmt.gov/notary/mvtitles/

Federal Law

• 49 U.S.C. § 32705 — Federal Odometer Act
• 49 C.F.R. Part 580 — Federal Odometer Disclosure Requirements

Consumer Protection

• Montana Department of Justice — Lemon Law: https://dojmt.gov/office-of-consumer-protection/vehicles-and-the-lemon-law/
• Montana LLC Vehicle Registration Information: https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/can-i-avoid-state-sales-tax-using-montana-llc.html

This template is provided for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws and regulations change frequently. Users should verify all citations and consult with a licensed Montana attorney before executing this document. This template is designed for the ezel.ai legal template platform.

Last updated: February 21, 2026