Is a Medicare Part D insurance company exempt from Utah's corporate franchise tax even though its premiums themselves are federally exempt from Utah's premiums tax?
Apply this to your situation
This page answers the general question as of 2010. Ezel answers yours, under current Utah tax law, with citations.
Plain-English summary
A Medicare Part D prescription drug plan insurance company — domiciled in another state, an indirect subsidiary of a larger corporation, and licensed in Utah as a Foreign Insurer under Title 31A, Chapter 14 — asked the Commission two linked questions. First, is it subject to Utah's gross premiums tax even though federal law (42 C.F.R. § 423.440(b)) prohibits states from taxing Medicare Part D premiums specifically? Second, if it is "subject to" that premiums tax (even while owing nothing on it), does that make it exempt from Utah's corporate franchise tax, since Utah exempts insurers that are "otherwise taxed" on their premiums under Chapter 9?
The company's own theory was that federal preemption zeroes out its actual premium tax liability, but it's still legally "subject to" the premiums tax framework by virtue of being an insurer — and that status alone should trigger the corporate franchise tax exemption under § 59-7-102(1)(c). The Commission reached the same ultimate answer (franchise tax exemption) but got there differently, and didn't even need to address the federal Medicare Part D argument. It found a narrower, purely state-law path: the company's specific licensure as a Foreign Insurer under Title 31A, Chapter 14 independently triggers Utah Code Ann. § 59-9-101(5), a carve-out that excuses certain admitted insurers from the "premium tax on health care insurance" that would otherwise apply under § 59-9-101(1). This tracked an earlier, closely analogous Commission ruling (PLR 08-003), involving a different Medicare Part D insurer licensed under a different chapter (Title 31A, Chapter 5) — the Commission found the same § 59-9-101(5) carve-out applied regardless of which specific licensing chapter governed, since both are admitted-insurer categories the carve-out reaches.
Having found the company exempt from the premiums tax under state law alone, the Commission then addressed the second question: does remaining within Chapter 9's overall taxation framework — even while not actually owing premium tax dollars — still count as being "otherwise taxed" for franchise tax exemption purposes? Yes. The Commission explained that it has historically read "otherwise taxed" in § 59-7-102(1)(c) to mean insurers taxed as part of the state's insurance-premium taxation scheme, not literally insurers who currently owe premium tax money. Since admitted insurers are meant to be handled under Chapter 9's premium-tax regime rather than the general corporate franchise tax regime, the company stayed exempt from franchise tax even though its specific premium tax bill (for unrelated Utah-law reasons) came out to zero.
Notably, this ruling wasn't unanimous: the Commission approved it 3-1. The dissenting Commissioner took the position that "otherwise taxed" should mean an insurer actually pays premium tax to qualify for the franchise tax exemption — not merely fall within the premium-tax framework on paper — and would have made the ruling prospective only rather than applying it back to the taxpayer's earlier tax years.
What this means for you
Medicare Part D and other insurance companies operating in Utah
Being exempt from actually paying Utah's premiums tax (whether by a state-law carve-out or federal preemption) doesn't automatically expose you to corporate franchise tax instead. The Commission's historical reading treats "otherwise taxed" as a framework question (are you the kind of entity Chapter 9 is meant to tax?) rather than a dollars-owed question — so you can be fully exempt from both taxes.
Insurers with different Utah licensing categories (Chapter 5 vs. Chapter 14, etc.)
The specific chapter under which you're licensed as an admitted insurer can independently trigger a premium-tax carve-out under § 59-9-101(5)-(5)(g). Check which category applies to you rather than assuming a one-size-fits-all analysis — this ruling and its PLR 08-003 predecessor reached the same result for insurers licensed under two different chapters.
Tax professionals structuring reliance on Commission precedent with recorded dissents
This ruling shows the Commission's "otherwise taxed" interpretation isn't unanimous — one Commissioner would require actual premium tax payment and prospective-only relief. If your situation is less clean-cut than this taxpayer's, be aware the Commission's position on this point could tighten in a future ruling.
Common questions
Q: Did the Commission ever address the federal Medicare Part D preemption argument the company raised?
A: No — it didn't need to. It found a state-law basis (§ 59-9-101(5), tied to the company's specific insurance license) sufficient to reach the exemption from premiums tax, making the federal preemption question unnecessary to resolve.
Q: Does being exempt from premiums tax automatically mean an insurer owes corporate franchise tax instead?
A: Not under this ruling's reasoning. The Commission treats "otherwise taxed" as being about which taxation framework applies to the entity (Chapter 9's premium-tax scheme for admitted insurers) rather than whether the entity currently owes actual dollars under that framework.
Q: Was this ruling unanimous?
A: No — it passed 3-1. The dissenting Commissioner would have required actual payment of premium tax as a condition of the franchise tax exemption and would have applied the ruling only prospectively.
Q: Can another insurance company rely on this ruling?
A: No. It binds the Commission only for this taxpayer and its specific facts and licensing category, though it does reflect a now twice-applied Commission interpretation (also seen in PLR 08-003) that other similarly situated insurers may find persuasive.
Citations and references
Statutes:
- Utah Code Ann. § 59-7-102(1)(c) (franchise tax exemption for insurers "otherwise taxed" under Chapter 9)
- Utah Code Ann. § 59-7-104(1) (corporate franchise tax)
- Utah Code Ann. § 59-9-101(1), (5)-(5)(g) (premiums tax on admitted insurers; health care premium tax carve-out)
- Utah Code Ann. § 31A-1-301(163) (admitted vs. unauthorized insurer definitions)
- Utah Code Ann. § 31A-3-205 (admitted insurers pay Title 59 taxes)
- Utah Code, Title 31A, Chapter 14 (Foreign Insurers licensure)
Federal law:
- 42 C.F.R. § 423.440(b) (federal preemption of state premium taxes/fees on Medicare Part D payments — not reached in this ruling's ultimate reasoning)
Prior Commission ruling relied upon:
- Utah PLR 08-003 (companion precedent for a Medicare Part D insurer licensed under Title 31A, Chapter 5)
Source
- Landing page: https://tax.utah.gov/commission/rulings/
- Original PDF: https://files.tax.utah.gov/tax/commission/ruling/09-004.pdf
Original ruling text
FINAL PRIVATE LETTER RULING
REQUEST LETTER
09-004
August 25, 2008
Utah Department of Revenue
210 North 1950 West
Salt Lake City UT 84134
RE: Request for Private Taxpayer Ruling
Taxpayer: COMPANY
ADDRESS
FEIN #######
To Whom It May Concern:
2ND COMPANY has been engaged by COMPANY, to obtain a private taxpayer ruling from the
Utah State Tax Commission (the “Commission”) addressing whether COMPANY is subject to
corporate franchise tax. Please find enclosed a signed Utah Power of Attorney and Declaration
of Representative authorizing 2 ND COMPANY to represent COMPANY in this matter. We
respectfully request guidance from the Commission confirming the analysis and conclusions that
have been set forth in this letter.
I. FACTS
Background
COMPANY is a STATE domiciled insurance company and a wholly owned indirect subsidiary of
CORP. COMPANY was formed in #### exclusively to provide benefits as a prescription drug
plan under the federal government’s Medicare Part D program, which is administered by the
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). COMPANY commenced operations on
DATE.
From inception, COMPANY has solely offered Medical Part D plans to eligible participants in
all 50 states, the District of Columbia and the territories of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin
Islands. As of DATE, COMPANY was licensed as an insurer in 36 states and the District of
Columbia and has filed expansion applications to become a licensed insurer in the states where it
is required to do so, and will file applications in the remaining states upon satisfaction of
seasoning requirements. COMPANY operates under a waiver from CMS in the states where it is
not licensed. In addition to filing license applications, COMPANY zero liability gross premiums
tax returns in all applicable states, including Utah. 1
1
Title 42 C.F.R. §423.440(b) State premium taxes prohibited – (1) Basic rule. No premium tax, fee, or other similar
assessment may be imposed by any State, The District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin
Islands, Guam, and American Samoa, the Mariana Islands or any of their political subdivisions or other
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Utah does not impose the corporate franchise tax on insurance companies otherwise taxed on its
premiums under Chapter 9, Taxation of Admitted Insurers. U.C.A. §59-7-102(1)(c). However,
Title 42 C.F.R. §423.440 pre-empts state law and prohibits states from imposing a tax, fee or
similar assessment on the premiums paid to Medicare Part D plan sponsors.
II. QUESTIONS PRESENTED
1. Is COMPANY subject to the Utah gross premiums tax, even though its Medicare
Part D premiums are exempt pursuant to federal law?
2. If COMPANY is subject to Utah gross premiums tax, then is COMPANY exempt
from Utah corporate franchise tax?
III. RULING REQUEST
1. COMPANY is an insurance company subject to the Utah gross premiums tax,
regardless of the fact that Medicare Part D premiums are exempt from gross tax
pursuant to federal law. Further, because COMPANY is subject to the Utah gross
premiums tax, COMPANY is exempt from Utah corporate franchise tax.
IV. LAW
Medicare Part D premiums are federally subsidized premiums received for prescription drug
benefits provided to Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. States are prohibited, by federal
statute, from imposing a premiums tax or fee on such receipts. Specifically, Federal law does not
allow states to impose a premiums tax, fee or other similar assessment on any payment CMS
makes on behalf of Medicare Part D plan or enrollees or on any payment made to Medicare Part
D plans by a beneficiary or by a third party on behalf of a beneficiary. Title 42 C.F.R.
§423.440(b).
Utah Annotated Code §59-7-104(1) provides:
“Each domestic and foreign corporation, except those exempted under Section 59-7-102,
shall pay an annual tax to the state based on its Utah taxable income for the taxable year
for the privilege of exercising its corporate franchise or for the privilege of doing
business in the state.”
Section 59-7-102, as referenced above, specifically exempts:
“[An] insurance company that is otherwise taxed on the insurance company’s premiums
under Chapter 9, Taxation of Admitted insurers.”
Utah Annotated Code, Chapter 9, Section 59-9-101(1)(a) provides:
governmental authorities for any payment CMS makes on behalf of Part D plan or enrollees under this part
(including the direct subsidy, reinsurance payments, and risk corridor payments): or for any payment made to Part D
plans by a beneficiary or by a third party on behalf of a beneficiary.
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“. . . every admitted insurer shall pay to the commission on or before March 31 in
each year, a tax of 2-1/4% of the total premiums received by it during the
proceeding calendar year from insurance covering property or risks located in this
state.”
V. ANALYSIS
COMPANY is subject to the total premiums tax as an insurance company and files its gross
premiums tax report with the Commissioner [ sic] on a timely basis. U.C.A §59-9-101(1)(a).
However, pursuant to Title 42 C.F.R. §423.440(b), all of COMPANY’S receipts are exempt from
Utah premiums tax as Medicare Part D premiums. Thus, although COMPANY maintains an
insurer’s license and is therefore subject to the gross premiums tax, COMPANY does not
ultimately incur a gross premiums tax liability. The intent of the Utah legislature in subjecting
all insurance companies to the premiums tax and thus exempting them from the franchise tax
should not change solely because federal law specifically exempts Medicare Part D premiums.
Therefore, despite the exempt status of its premiums, COMPANY constitutes an insurance
company “subject to” the gross premiums tax under Section 59 of the Utah Annotated Code and
is therefore exempt from corporate franchise tax under Section 59-7-102.
VI. CONCLUSION
Although, pursuant to federal law, 100% of its premiums are exempt from Utah gross premiums
tax, COMPANY constitutes an insurance company subject to the Utah statutes governing the
taxation of insurance companies, and is therefore subject to the Utah gross premiums tax.
COMPANY should be exempt from Utah corporate franchise tax as an insurance company
subject to premiums tax.
********
COMPANY would appreciate a tax ruling at your earliest convenience. If you have any
questions or would like to discuss this matter further, please do not hesitate to call me at (###)
-#### or 2ND NAME at (###) ###-####.
Sincerely,
NAME
Partner, State and Local Taxes
Enclosure
Cc: 3RD NAME, 2ND COMPANY
2ND NAME, 2ND COMPANY
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RESPONSE LETTER
April 13, 2010
NAME
ADDRESS
RE: Private Letter Ruling Request–Determination of the Tax Treatment of an
Insurance Company for the Utah Gross Premiums Tax and the Utah Corporate
Franchise Tax
Dear NAME:
You have requested a ruling on behalf of your client, COMPANY. In your letter, you
explained that COMPANY is a STATE-domiciled insurance company and a wholly-owned
indirect subsidiary of CORPORATION. You also explained that COMPANY was formed in
exclusively to provide benefits as a prescription drug plan under the federal government’s
Medicare Part D program, which is administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid
Services (CMS). You stated that COMPANY offers its Medicare Part D plans in all 50 states, the
District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. You said that COMPANY files
zero liability gross premium tax returns in all applicable states, including Utah. Also, during a
telephone conversation on DATE, your associate, 4 TH NAME, stated that COMPANY is an
admitted insurer as defined in Utah Code Ann. § 31A-1-301(163)(b) and that COMPANY is
licensed under Utah Code, Title 31A, Chapter 14, as a Foreign Insurer.
You presented two questions:
1. Is COMPANY subject to the Utah gross premiums tax, even though its
Medicare Part D premiums are exempt pursuant to federal law?
2. If COMPANY is subject to Utah gross premiums tax, then is COMPANY
exempt from Utah corporate franchise tax?
I. Applicable Law
Utah Code, Title 31A, titled Insurance Code, defines “admitted insurer” and distinguishes
it from “unauthorized insurer,” as follows:
(a) "Unauthorized insurer," "unadmitted insurer," or "nonadmitted insurer"
means an insurer:
(i) not holding a valid certificate of authority to do an insurance business in
this state; or
(ii) transacting business not authorized by a valid certificate.
(b) "Admitted insurer" or "authorized insurer" means an insurer:
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(i) holding a valid certificate of authority to do an insurance business in this
state; and
(ii) transacting business as authorized by a valid certificate.
Utah Code Ann. § 31A-1-301(163).
Utah Code 31A-3-205, titled “Taxation of Insurance Companies,” provides that “[a]n admitted
insurer shall pay taxes imposed on the admitted insurer by Title 59 . . .”
Utah Code, Title 59, Chapter 9, is titled “Taxation of Admitted Insurers” and imposes a
premiums tax on “an admitted insurer” in Utah Code Ann. § 59-9-101(1). However, Utah Code
Ann. § 59-9-101(5) to (5)(g) specifies certain admitted insurers are not subject to the premium
tax on health care insurance that would otherwise be applicable under subsection (1).
Utah Code, Title 59, Chapter 7, titled “Corporate Franchise and Income Taxes,”
specifically exempts “an insurance company that is otherwise taxed on the insurance company’s
premiums under Chapter 9 . . .” from taxes imposed under Chapter 7. Utah Code Ann. § 59-7-
102(1)(c).
II. Analysis
Because you asked two specific questions, the Commission will respond separately to
each question:
1. Is COMPANY subject to the Utah gross premiums tax, even though its
Medicare Part D premiums are exempt pursuant to federal law?
COMPANY is governed by the Chapter 9 tax on premiums, whether or not any tax is
actually due. The Commission addressed a situation similar to that of COMOPANY in Private
Letter Ruling (“PLR”) 08-003, a redacted copy of which is attached. In that case, the taxpayer
was an insurance company that provided only Medicare Part D prescription drug plans
throughout the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The taxpayer was licensed as a life and
health insurance company under Utah Code, Title 31A, Chapter 5. In that case, we stated:
[Company] indicates that it is an admitted insurer licensed under Title 31A,
Chapter 5, Domestic Stock and Mutual Insurance Corporations. This licensure
would trigger Utah Code §59-9-101(5)(a), and would provide that [Company] is
“not subject to the premium tax on health care insurance that would otherwise be
applicable under” Utah Code §59-9-101(1).
You have provided that COOMPANY is an admitted insurer, like the insurance company in
PLR 08-003. However, COMPANY is licensed under Title 31A, Chapter 14, unlike the
insurance company in PLR 08-003, licensed under Title 31A, Chapter 5. Yet, even with this
difference, the application of § 59-9-101(5) is the same. COMPANY’S licensure under
Title 31A, Chapter 14, as a foreign insurer triggers § 59-9-101(5), which provides that
COMPANY is “not subject to the premium tax on health care insurance that would otherwise be
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applicable under” § 59-9-101(1). Therefore, although COMPANY is subject to Title 59,
Chapter 9, which imposes the Utah premiums tax, the company is exempt from that tax under
§ 59-9-101(5) to (5)(g). We do not analyze the federal law because we have already found that
COMPANY is exempt under state law.
2. If COMPANY is subject to Utah gross premiums tax, then is COMPANYt
exempt from Utah corporate franchise tax?
COMOPANY is exempt from Utah corporate franchise tax. Section 59-7-102(1)(c)
specifically exempts from Utah corporate franchise tax “an insurance company that is otherwise
taxed on the insurance company’s premiums under Chapter 9 . . .” In PLR 08-003, we stated:
Historically, the Commission has interpreted the phrase “otherwise taxed” in Utah
Code §59-7-102(1)(c) to mean admitted insurers that are taxed as part of a state
plan to tax those insurers on the basis of premiums. Absent direction to the
contrary from the legislature, the Commission has no plans to depart from its
previous interpretation which provides that admitted insurers are not subject to
income or franchise taxes because they are more properly treated under the
insurance premium taxation provisions of the Code .
(Emphasis added.)
Like the company in PLR 08-003, COMPANY is not subject to Utah corporate income or
franchise tax because it is otherwise taxed on its premiums under the Utah Code Ann. Title 59,
Chapter 9.
III. Conclusion
The Commission approves this ruling by a 3-1 vote. 1 The Commission finds that
COMPANY is an insurance company subject to the Utah premiums tax, regardless of the fact
that Medicare Part D premiums are exempt from the tax pursuant to § 59-9-101(5). Further,
because COMPANY is subject to the Utah premiums tax, COMPANY is exempt under § 59-7-
102(1)(c) from Utah corporate franchise tax. This ruling, of course, is based on current law and
could be changed by subsequent legislative action or judicial interpretation. Also, our
conclusions are based on the facts as described. Should the facts be different, a different
conclusion may be warranted. If you feel we have misunderstood the facts as you have
presented them, you have additional facts that may be relevant, or you have any other questions,
you are welcome to contact the Commission.
For the Commission,
D’Arcy Dixon Pignanelli
1
Commissioner Marc Johnson believes the term “otherwise taxed” means that the legislature intended for admitted
insurers to be exempt from an income or franchise tax only if they actually pay the premiums tax. He would have,
however, made this ruling prospective.
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Commissioner
Enclosure
DDP/aln
09-004
7
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