Are chocolate-covered cookie bars like PB Max and Twix taxed as candy or exempt as food?

Plain-English summary

The petitioner asked whether two chocolate-covered snack products -- PB Max (peanut butter over a whole-grain cookie, in milk chocolate) and Twix (chocolate-caramel cookie) -- are subject to sales tax. Both are essentially chocolate-coated wafer cookie bars, sold both as single bars and in family packs.

The Department said the answer depends on how each is packaged, marketed, and sold:

• Sold as cookies/snacks in family packs = exempt food. Tax Law 1115(a)(1) exempts food and food products except candy and confectionery. Because these bars are similar to other products recognized as cookies or snacks (which are treated as exempt food), when they are in family packs and advertised, marketed, and sold as packaged cookies or snacks, they are exempt food under section 1115(a)(1) and 20 NYCRR 528.2(a)(1).
• Sold as single bars in the candy aisle = taxable candy. When the same bars are sold as individual single- or two-bar packages and are advertised, displayed, and sold as candy in the store's candy section, they are candy or confectionery under 20 NYCRR 528.2(a)(4) -- which expressly includes chocolate products -- and are taxable.

So the identical product can be exempt or taxable depending on its packaging and presentation.

What this means for you

Grocers, convenience stores, and vending operators

For borderline chocolate-covered products, how you sell it drives the tax. A family/multi-pack sold and shelved as a cookie or snack is generally exempt food; a single bar displayed and marketed as candy in the candy aisle is taxable. Your shelving, labeling, and marketing can determine taxability.

Manufacturers and distributors

The label and marketing you choose ("cookie/snack" vs. "candy") and the pack configuration matter for how retailers should tax the product. Products "regarded as candy based on normal use or as indicated on the label or advertising" fall on the taxable side.

Point-of-sale systems

Make sure your POS taxes the single-bar candy-aisle version but not the family-pack cookie/snack version, if you sell both.

Common questions

Q: Is a chocolate-covered cookie bar candy or food in New York?
A: It can be either. Sold in a family pack as a cookie/snack, it's exempt food; sold as a single bar displayed and marketed as candy, it's taxable candy.

Q: What tipped these products into the "candy" category?
A: Being sold as individual bars and advertised, displayed, and sold as candy in the candy section -- candy and confectionery (including chocolate products) are taxable under 20 NYCRR 528.2(a)(4).

Q: Does the ingredient list decide it?
A: Not by itself. The Department focused on packaging, marketing, and how/where the product is sold, plus how similar products are treated.

Q: Can I rely on this opinion?
A: It binds the Department only as to the petitioner and the facts described. Treat it as guidance and confirm your own facts.

Citations and references

• Tax Law section 1115(a)(1) (exemption for food and food products, excluding candy and confectionery)
• 20 NYCRR 528.2(a)(1) (food and food products exempt)
• 20 NYCRR 528.2(a)(4) (definition of candy and confectionery)

Source

• Landing page: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pubs_and_bulls/advisory_opinions/sales_ao_1993.htm
• Opinion: https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/advisory_opinions/sales/a93_38s.pdf

Original ruling text

New York State Department of Taxation and Finance

Taxpayer Services Division
Technical Services Bureau

TSB-A-93 (38)S
Sales Tax
June 21, 1993

STATE OF NEW YORK
COMMISSIONER OF TAXATION AND FINANCE
ADVISORY OPINION

PETITION NO. S930107B

On January 7, 1993 a Petition for Advisory Opinion was received from Mr. Wynn Vogel,
1865-77th Street (C-9), Brooklyn, New York 11214-1233.
The issues raised by Petitioner, Wynn Vogel, are:
(1) Whether the sales of a product called "PB Max" are subject to sales tax.
(2) Whether the sales of a product called "Twix" are subject to sales tax.
PB Max is a product which is sold both as an individual item and in a family carton of six
individually wrapped items. PB Max, according to the packaging, is a "real peanut butter snack,
made with real peanut butter, crunchy wholegrain cookie, all covered in pure milk chocolate".
According to the label on the packaging, its principal ingredients are peanut butter, milk chocolate,
oats, flour, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and sugar.
Twix is also a product which is sold as an individual item and in a family pack. Twix,
according to the packaging is a "chocolate caramel cookie". According to the label on the packaging,
its principal ingredients are milk chocolate, enriched flour, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, sugar
and corn syrup.
Section 1115 of the Tax Law provides, in part:
(a) Receipts from the following shall be exempt from the tax on retail sales
imposed under subdivision (a) of section eleven hundred five and the compensating
use tax imposed under section eleven hundred ten:
(1)

Food, food products, beverages, dietary foods and
health supplements, sold for human consumption but
not including (i) candy and confectionery ....

Section 528.2 of the Sales and Use Tax Regulations provides, in part:
Food and beverages. [Tax Law, §1115(a)(1)] (a) Food and food products.
(1) Food and food products, except candy and confectionery, when sold for
human consumption, are exempt from sales and compensating use tax ....

-2­
TSB-A-93 (38)S
Sales Tax
June 21, 1993
(4) Candy and confectionery include, without limitation, candy of all types,
chocolate (plain or mixed with other products); glazed or sugar-coated fruits, nuts,
peanuts, popcorn or other products; chewing gum; mints; lollypops, fruit flavored
sticks, fruit drops, licorice, pastilles; cotton candy, marshmallow; marzipan, halvah
and similar products regarded as candy or confectionery based on its normal use or
as indicated on the label or the advertising thereof.
Both PB Max and Twix bars are versions of chocolate coated wafer cookies. The PB Max
bars have a layer of peanut butter added to the wafer before the chocolate is applied. The Twix bars
have a layer of caramel added atop the wafer before the chocolate is applied. Each of the products
is similar to products produced by several other companies and these other products are treated as
food items exempt from sales tax. These other products are packaged in bulk packages and are
advertised and marketed as cookies or snacks. PB Max and Twix bars are packaged in several
different configurations and are advertised as cookies or snacks.
Since both PB Max and Twix bars are somewhat similar to other products which are
recognized as cookies or snacks and, therefore, are not taxed for sales tax purposes, PB Max and
Twix bars in family packs which are advertised, marketed and sold as packaged cookies or snacks
will be considered food items in accordance with Section 1115(a)(1) of the Tax Law and Section
528.2(a)(1) of the Sales and Use Tax Regulations and will be exempt from sales tax.
However, when PB Max and Twix bars are packaged in individual single or two bar packages
or when such single or two bar packages are sold in a multi-pack and are advertised, displayed and
sold as candy in the candy section of retail stores, these products will be considered to be candy or
confectionery in accordance with Section 528.2(a)(4) of the Sales and Use Tax Regulations.
Accordingly, when sold in the manner described in this paragraph, sales of PB Max and Twix bars
will be subject to sales tax as candy and confectionery and will not qualify for the exemption
provided under Sections 1115(a)(1) of the Tax Law and Section 528.2(a)(1) of the Sales and Use Tax
Regulations.

DATED: June 21, 1993

/s/
PAUL B. COBURN
Deputy Director
Taxpayer Services Division

NOTE: The opinions expressed in Advisory Opinions
are limited to the facts set forth therein.