Could a Texas LLC surviving a merger with a corporation inherit that corporation's Louisiana net-operating-loss carryforward?

Plain-English summary

The surviving Texas LLC inherited the merging corporation's Louisiana net-operating-loss carryforward, subject to the same utilization limits that applied before the merger.

The LLC had elected corporate treatment for federal and Louisiana corporation income tax, and Texas law transferred the corporation's assets, liabilities, operations, and successor status to the LLC.

Why the NOL survived

La. R.S. 47:287.86(I)(1) provided that an acquiring corporation succeeds to the transferor's aggregate NOL carryovers at the close of the transfer, subject to federal law and its limitations.

Because the check-the-box LLC was treated as a corporation for income tax, the ruling applied federal reorganization and successor rules and Louisiana conformity to preserve the NOL.

Limitations continued

The merger did not improve or refresh the loss. The same federal and Louisiana restrictions that would have limited the original corporation continued to limit the LLC's use.

Common questions

Q: Did business-law LLC status prevent NOL succession?

A: No, because the LLC had elected corporate income-tax treatment.

Q: Did the merger create a new unrestricted NOL?

A: No.

Q: What passed to the LLC?

A: The corporation's NOL carryforward along with the same applicable utilization limitations.

Citations and references

• La. R.S. 47:287.86(I)(1) — acquiring-corporation NOL succession
• La. R.S. 12:1368 — Louisiana conformity for LLC corporation-income-tax treatment
• IRC §§ 381(a)(2) and 7701
• Treas. Reg. §§ 1.381(c)(1)-1(a)(1) and 301.7701-3(a)
• Texas Business Corporation Act arts. 1.02 and 5.01 — merger authority discussed in the source
• LAC 61:III.101 — Private Letter Ruling authority and reliance statement

Source

• Landing page: Louisiana Department of Revenue Policies
• Original PDF: LA PLR 05-014

Original ruling text

Private Letter Ruling
Redacted Version
No. 05-014
Corporation Income Tax and Corporation Franchise Tax
The Availability of the Louisiana Net Operating Loss
Subsequent to a Corporate Reorganization
December 28, 2005
This is in reply to your request for a private letter ruling concerning the availability of a
Louisiana net operating loss subsequent to corporate reorganization where by a Texas
corporation (“T Corp 1”), would merge into a Texas LLC (“T LLC”), with T LLC as the
surviving entity.
Factual Scenario
You provided these facts:
T Corp 1, a Texas corporation, holds a Louisiana Certificate of Authority and is subject to
corporation income tax. Its operations have generated a Louisiana net operating loss for
Louisiana corporation income tax purposes.
Step 1. T Corp 1 will form, another Texas corporation, (“T Corp 2”) as a 100%-owned
subsidiary. T Corp 1 will then be the parent of T Corp 2, and T Corp 2 will be a 100%owned subsidiary of T Corp 1.
Step 2. T Corp 2 will form T LLC, a Texas limited liability company, as a 100%-owned
subsidiary. T Corp 2 will make an election under federal income tax regulations to treat T
LLC as an association taxable as a corporation. Under the entity classification rules of the
Internal Revenue Service (the so-called “check-the-box” rules), T LLC will be treated as a
corporation for both federal income tax and corporation income tax purposes. However, T
LLC will be a limited liability company (“LLC”) for business organization purposes.
Step 3. Under Texas state law, T Corp 1 will merge into T LLC on or before December 31,
2005. T Corp 1 will, therefore, cease to exist, and by operation of law its assets and
liabilities will be owned by T LLC. T Corp 2 will then be the parent of T LLC, and T LLC
will be a 100%-owned subsidiary of T Corp 2. T LLC will continue to be treated as a
corporation for both federal income and corporation income tax purposes.
As a result of this merger, T Corp 2 will effectively be the parent of the group and T Corp
2 will own T LLC directly.
617 North Third Street
P. O. Box 44098
Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70804-4098
225-219-2780 ‚ 225-219-2759 Fax
TDD# 225-219-2114 ‚ www.revenue.louisiana.gov

PLR No. 05-014
Page 2 of 4
December 28, 2005

Step 4. T Corp 2 will form a Delaware corporation (“D Corp”). T Corp 2 will then be the
parent of D CORP, and D CORP will be a 100%-owned subsidiary of T Corp 2.
Step 5. Immediately after the formation of D CORP, T Corp 2 will contribute the
membership interests of T LLC (the Texas LLC formed in Step 2) to D CORP. D CORP
will then be the parent of T LLC, and T LLC will be a 100%-owned subsidiary of D
CORP. T LLC will continue to be treated and taxed as a corporation for both federal
income and corporation income tax purposes.
Ruling Request
You have asked for a ruling on the following:
The net operating loss currently carried forward for Louisiana corporation income tax
purposes by T Corp 1 before its merger into T LLC will be preserved and available for use
by T LLC to offset Louisiana taxable income generated subsequent to the merger. The net
operating loss will be subject to the same limitations on utilization as would have applied
to T Corp 1.
Discussion
In your analysis, you stated:
T LLC will succeed to the net operating loss carried forward by T Corp 1 prior to T Corp
1’s merger into T LLC (Step 3 above), and subject to the same limitations on utilization as
would have applied to T Corp 1.
The general rule under the corporation income tax is that corporations in corporate
reorganizations inherit the net operating losses of their transferor corporations. The
corporation income tax statute states in part as follows:
I. Net operating loss carryovers.
(1) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Chapter to the
contrary, the acquiring corporation shall succeed to and take into
account, as of the close of the day of distribution or transfer, the
aggregate net operating loss carryovers of the distributors or transferor
corporation as determined under this Section, subject to federal law and
the limitations provided thereunder. LA. REV. STAT. ANN.
§47:287.86(I)(1).
In the corporate reorganization proposed by T Corp 1 (please see Step 3 of the discussion
of the proposal in Section II above), T Corp 1, a Texas corporation, would merge into T
LLC, a Texas LLC, with T LLC as the survivor. The merger would take place under Texas
law, which specifically allows the merger of corporations into LLCs.

PLR No. 05-014
Page 3 of 4
December 28, 2005

Under Texas law, “A domestic corporation may adopt a plan of merger and one or more
domestic corporations may merge with one or more domestic or foreign corporations or
other entities … .” TEX. BUS. CORP. ACT ART. 5.01(A). The statute defines “merger” as
“the combination of one or more domestic corporations with one or more domestic or
foreign corporations or other entities resulting in (i) one or more surviving domestic or
foreign corporations or other entities … .” TEX. BUS. CORP. ACT ART. 1.02(A)(18). LLCs
are within the purview of the term “other entity” under Texas law: “Other entity’ means
any entity, whetheorganized for profit or not, that is a … limited liability company … or
other legal entity organized pursuant to the laws of this state or any other state or country.”
TEX. BUS. CORP. ACT ART. 1.02(A)(20).
T Corp 1’s business assets and operations have generated Louisiana net operating losses
that are available against Louisiana corporation income tax, subject to the limitations of
federal and Louisiana law. The merger of T Corp 1 into T LLC will by operation of law
transfer these net operating losses and the operating assets that created the net operating
losses to T LLC. The Merger Agreement between T Corp 1 and T LLC will provide that T
LLC will be the successor entity to T Corp 1 pursuant to state law.
T LLC will be a LLC that will be 100%-owned by T Corp 2, and will make a “check-thebox” election to be treated and taxed as a corporation for federal and Louisiana income tax
purposes. Louisiana corporation income tax law conforms to the federal income tax
treatment of unincorporated entities under the check-the-box rules. T LLC, as a corporation
for federal tax purposes, will succeed to the T Corp 1’s net operating loss pursuant to
Internal Revenue Code § 381(a)(2) and Treasury Regulation 1.381(c)(1)-1(a)(1). T LLC
will be treated as a corporation for federal tax purposes pursuant to Internal Revenue Code
§7701 and Treasury Regulation 301.7701-3(a) on or before the date of the merger.
Louisiana statutory law makes it clear that for corporation income tax purposes, LLCs are
treated and taxed in the same manner as they are treated for federal income tax purposes.
Revenue Information Bulletin No. 03-015, LA. REV. STAT. ANN. §12:1368. T LLC will
therefore be treated as a corporation for federal income and corporation income tax
purposes. Pursuant to LA. REV. STAT. ANN. §47:287.86(I)(1), T LLC shall succeed to and
take into account, as of the close of the day of distribution or transfer, the aggregate net
operating loss carryovers of T Corp 1, subject to federal law and the limitations provided
thereunder.
Ruling
Based on the facts and analysis that you provided, we agree with your conclusion and rule
that T LLC will succeed to the net operating loss carried forward by T Corp 1 prior to T
Corp 1’s merger into T LLC and will be subject to the same limitations on utilization that
applied to T Corp 1.

PLR No. 05-014
Page 4 of 4
December 28, 2005

If you have any questions or need additional information, please call Michael Pearson,
Senior Policy Consultant or Nina S. Hunter, Attorney, Policy Services Division, at 2192780.

Sincerely,
Cynthia Bridges
Secretary

By:
Nina S. Hunter, Attorney
Policy Services

This correspondence constitutes a private letter ruling (PLR) by the Louisiana Department
of Revenue, as provided for by section 61:III.101 of the Louisiana Administrative Code. A
PLR provides guidance to a specific taxpayer at the taxpayer's request. It is a written
statement that applies principles of law to a specific set of facts or a particular tax situation.
A PLR does not have the force and effect of law, and is not binding on the person who
requested it or on any other taxpayer. This PLR is binding on the department only as to the
taxpayer to whom it is addressed, and only if the facts presented were truthful and
complete and the transaction was carried out as proposed. It continues as authority for the
department's position unless a subsequent declaratory ruling, rule, court case, or statute
supersedes it.