How could a multistate bank prove that notes executed outside Florida remained exempt when later stored and serviced by its Florida division?

Plain-English summary

Florida TAA 98M-005 says a bank cannot prove that an out-of-state note is exempt merely by how it labels, accounts for, or stores the file after it reaches Florida. The proof must establish where the note was executed, delivered, and accepted, and generally must be created when the loan documents are signed.

The bank's non-Florida divisions originated unsecured loans and sent some executed documents to the Florida division for inventory, payment processing, reporting, reminders, servicing, and safekeeping. Underwriting, renewal, default, acceleration, enforcement, and collection decisions remained with personnel outside Florida.

Documentary stamp tax: contemporaneous document proof controlled

A note made, executed, and delivered outside Florida and later sent to Florida merely for safekeeping or collection generally was not taxable. But a note signed outside Florida and delivered to a Florida lender for examination, acceptance, and funding could be taxable.

When a note payable to or held by a Florida lender was physically in Florida, the taxpayer bore the burden of proving the out-of-state facts. Rule 12B-4.053(34) accepted proof such as:

• an affidavit sworn before an out-of-state notary when the borrower signed and delivered the note;
• notarization showing execution outside Florida plus a lender affidavit showing delivery outside Florida; or
• other contemporaneous proof such as travel vouchers, airline stubs, and hotel receipts corresponding to signing and delivery.

Execution and delivery could occur in different jurisdictions, but both had to occur outside Florida.

Accounting codes and color-coded storage were not enough

Separate ledgers, color-coded files, and separate storage areas could help keep Florida and non-Florida loans organized, but they did not prove out-of-state execution and delivery. They were post-execution administrative evidence, not the documentary proof required by the rule.

The proposed exhibits needed specific fixes

• Exhibits B and C: insufficient as drafted because they did not prove contemporaneous preparation, notarized signing location, or out-of-state acceptance. They could work if expressly incorporated into the note, identified the city and state of signing, delivery, and acceptance, and were notarized when executed outside Florida.
• Exhibit D: a later affidavit and loan list could suffice, absent fraud, for documents executed before a division merged into the main bank if completed before shipment to Florida and before an audit. It was not sufficient for new post-merger loans.
• Exhibit E: insufficient because it stated where delivery occurred but not where the borrower signed and was not notarized. Revised wording, contemporaneous out-of-state notarization, and incorporation into the note could cure those defects.

Renewals and nondiscretionary advances evidenced by a new note also needed the same out-of-state execution and delivery proof; otherwise Florida documentary stamp tax applied.

Intangible tax: storage and servicing alone did not create Florida situs

The TAA said the described warehousing and servicing did not, by themselves, create taxable situs under section 199.175(1). If the notes were not owned, managed, or controlled by a person domiciled in Florida and were merely stored there, the annual intangible tax did not apply on that basis.

What this means for you

Multistate lenders

Build the proof into closing, not the archive. The note or contemporaneous supporting documents should state where the borrower signed, where the lender received and accepted it, and should use the notarization or other evidence allowed by the rule.

Loan-servicing and custody teams

Continue using separate ledgers and files to avoid mixing loans, but do not treat those controls as substitutes for tax documentation created at execution.

Bank merger teams

The TAA drew a line between pre-merger legacy documents and new post-merger loans. A later portfolio affidavit could support specified pre-merger documents, while post-merger loans needed compliant proof created with the loan documents.

Tax professionals

Check both taxes separately. Documentary stamp tax turned on execution, delivery, acceptance, and proof; intangible-tax situs turned on ownership, management, control, and domicile. Florida physical custody alone did not answer either question.

Common questions

Q: Are out-of-state notes taxed just because a Florida office stores them?
A: Not necessarily. Properly executed, delivered, and accepted out-of-state notes could remain exempt when later sent to Florida for safekeeping, but the taxpayer had to prove those facts.

Q: Are accounting records and color-coded files sufficient proof?
A: No. The TAA says they may help separate files but do not satisfy the rule's documentary-proof requirement.

Q: Who bears the burden of proof?
A: The taxpayer when the note is payable at or held by a Florida bank.

Q: Must signing and delivery occur in the same state?
A: No. They could occur in different jurisdictions as long as both were outside Florida and adequately documented.

Q: Do renewals and advances need new proof?
A: Yes, when evidenced by a note. The renewal or advance note had to be signed and delivered entirely outside Florida with the same type of evidence.

Q: Did Florida servicing create annual intangible-tax situs?
A: Not by itself on the described facts, because ownership, management, and control remained outside Florida.

Citations and references

• Fla. Stat. §§ 199.032, 199.052, 199.175 — annual intangible tax, filing, and taxable situs.
• Fla. Stat. § 201.08 — documentary stamp tax on notes and written obligations.
• Fla. Admin. Code r. 12B-4.051(1) — notes made, executed, delivered, sold, transferred, or assigned in Florida.
• Fla. Admin. Code r. 12B-4.053(9), (34) — notes signed outside Florida, Florida delivery and acceptance, presumptions, and acceptable proof.
• Fla. Admin. Code r. 12C-2.0062 — management or control of intangible personal property.
• TAA 95M-007R — earlier advisement whose merger-document requirements remained applicable, as stated in this TAA.
• Fla. Stat. § 213.22 — Technical Assistance Advisements.
• Fla. Stat. ch. 119 — public-record disclosure with identifying details deleted.

Source

• Landing page: Florida Tax Law Library
• Advisement: TAA 98M-005

Original ruling text

SUMMARY

It is incumbent upon the lender providing the loan forms to
provide sufficient proof either within the document
(executed, delivered and accepted outside Florida and later
sent in to Florida for warehousing, servicing and
safekeeping within Florida) or in additional documentation
executed at that same time that the loans are not subject
to documentary stamp tax and/or Florida intangible tax.

Nov 19, 1998

Re: Technical Assistance Advisement No. 98(M)-005
Documentary Stamp Tax: Safekeeping of Out-of-State Notes
Recurring Intangible Tax: Safekeeping of Out-of-State Notes
ss. 199.032, 199.052, 199.175, 201.08, F.S.
XXX (Main Bank)
XXX (Florida Division)
XXX (Georgia Division)
XXX (Divisions)
XXX (Affiliates)

Dear :

This is in response to your letter dated May 14, 1998,
requesting a Technical Assistance Advisement, in which you ask
if certain exhibits will avoid the Florida documentary stamp tax
imposed by s. 201.08, F.S., and intangible tax imposed by ss.
199.032, 199.052, 199.175, F.S., upon Loan Documents (not
secured by Florida real property) executed outside Florida and
later brought into Florida for warehousing, servicing and
safekeeping.

ISSUE ONE

Whether the taxability of documents executed outside
Florida and maintained in Florida for safekeeping can be
dependent upon:

1. Main Bank's accounting system;
2

Separate color-coded files for out-of-state documents
kept in Florida; and

3. Separate storage areas for out-of-state documents
   separated from Florida documents, rather than upon
   documentary evidence obtained at the time of
   execution, such as that outlined in Rule 12B4.053(34), F.A.C.

ISSUE TWO

Whether Exhibit B, if contained within the body of a
promissory note signed by the Borrower together with a separate
Exhibit C signed by the Borrower and an authorized officer of
the Non-Florida Division, would be sufficient evidence that the
out-of-state Loan Documents are exempt from the Florida taxes.

ISSUE THREE

Whether Exhibit D would be sufficient to establish the outof-state execution and delivery of the Loan Documents
subsequently brought into Florida.

ISSUE FOUR

Whether Exhibit E will be sufficient to avoid the Florida
taxes on Loan Documents executed outside Florida and brought
into Florida for safekeeping.

ISSUE FIVE

Whether the burden of proof is upon the Taxpayer or upon
the Department of Revenue to prove that the documents brought
into Florida are subject to the above Florida taxes.

ISSUE SIX

Whether the warehousing, servicing and safekeeping
described herein at the Florida Division will subject the Loan
Documents (executed out-of-state and not secured by Florida real

property) to the annual Florida intangible tax.

FACTS PRESENTED BY PETITIONER

Main Bank is a national banking association maintaining its
principal place of business in a state other than Florida.
Certain banks (Divisions) in several other states have merged
into Main Bank, including Florida Division and Georgia Division.
Other mergers may take place in the future. Main Bank also owns
directly or indirectly certain "Affiliates" which maintain their
commercial domicile outside the State of Florida and are engaged
in the business of lending money.

The out-of-state Divisions of Main Bank and Affiliates send
some, but not all, of their executed loan documents to Florida
for warehousing, servicing and safekeeping. Loan documents are
distinguished by market segments. Some market segments of loan
documents are warehoused in Florida. Other market segments of
loan documents are warehoused in other states.

Florida Division also separately houses its own loan
documents executed in Florida, which are subject to Florida
documentary stamp tax and/or intangible taxes under Chapters 199
and/or 201, F.S.

The out-of-state loan documents warehoused at the Florida
Division which are not subject to Florida documentary stamp
taxes and Florida intangible taxes must be differentiated in
some manner to distinguish them from the documents warehoused at
the Florida Division which are subject to the taxes.

Once these out-of-state loan documents reach Florida, it is
crucial that they retain this differentiation if these Florida
taxes are not to be applied to the documents.

Among other warehousing duties, Florida Division will:

• Review and inventory loan documents delivered by the
  separate Non-Florida Divisions to the Florida Division;

• Prepare Loan Documents evidencing or renewing these loans

in accordance with instructions received from an out-ofstate loan officer and forward such documents to the outof-state loan officer for execution and delivery by the
(out-of-state) Borrower;

• Fund non-discretionary advances against commercial lines
  of credit upon request by (out-of-state) Borrower and in
  accordance with authorization received from the out-ofstate loan officer having discretionary authority with
  respect to such loans;

• Receive and, after research, respond to customer
  inquiries regarding loan balances, etc.;

• Maintain payment histories and provide periodic reports
  to the separate Non-Florida Divisions pertaining to the
  loans evidenced by the Loan Documents;

• "Collect" the payments upon the loans evidenced by the
  Loan Documents and transmit such payments to the separate
  Non-Florida Division which is responsible for the loan;

• Send out automatic reminder notices to a Borrower in the
  event a Borrower fails to make a payment when due.

All decisions pertaining to underwriting, enforcement and
collection of the loans evidenced by the Loan Documents,
including the decision to extend or renew credit, declaration of
defaults and acceleration of the loans, will be made by the
separate Non-Florida Divisions originating the loans and their
personnel located outside the State of Florida.

Through its accounting system, Main Bank maintains records
showing which separate state division made which loans. Main
Bank maintains separate ledgers reflecting the lending
activities of the separate Non-Florida Divisions. The
accounting system will be used to classify (by state and
business location within that state) all notes and other related
Loan Documents transferred to the Florida Division as well as
notes and other related Loan Documents not sent into Florida but
warehoused in other state locations.

In addition, the Loan Documents of each separate NonFlorida Division will be assigned a separate color coded file to
identify them as being Loan Documents from such Non-Florida
Division. All loan files from each Non-Florida Division will be
kept together in one location and separate from the loan files
of the Florida Division and the other Non-Florida Divisions.

Conditions have changed since the issuance of Technical
Assistance Advisement 95M-007R in December 1995. Since that
time, more banks have been merged into Main Bank. It is not
uncommon for a promissory note and the supporting documents
relating to a loan made by Non-Florida personnel, including nonFlorida attorneys, to be on forms other than that supplied by
Main Bank. According to your letter, as a result, it is
virtually impossible for Main Bank to ensure that the forms used
to document the loans made by the Non-Florida Divisions will, in
all cases, be accompanied by an appropriate affidavit or
certification. This problem is further compounded by the
increased number of Non-Florida Divisions for which the Florida
Division will hold promissory notes.

DISCUSSION AND LAW

Generally, the determination whether a document in Florida
is subject to documentary stamp tax under Chapter 201, F.S., is
made from information contained within the document. Florida
Administrative Code Rules allow for additional documentation as
proof in certain instances to show that the document is exempt
from the tax.

A loan document or promissory note is subject to
documentary stamp tax if it is made, executed, delivered, sold,
transferred or assigned in Florida, as provided in Rule 12B4.051 (1), F.A.C. A loan document that is made, executed and
delivered in another state, and which is not recorded in
Florida, is generally not subject to this tax.

Documents (physically located in Florida) must be
distinguished by the content within the document itself or other
evidence required by Rule 12B-4.053(34), F.A.C., to establish

that there is no basis for imposition of tax.

Where loan documents (if not secured by Florida real
property, and if execution, delivery and acceptance occurred
entirely outside Florida) are later sent into Florida merely for
safekeeping, certain elements of proof are required to
differentiate the documents from documents subject to the
documentary stamp tax and/or annual intangible tax.

Rule 12B-4.053, F.A.C., refers to notes signed out of state
that are still subject to the tax:

(9) Document Signed in Another State; Payable in Florida:
Where a promissory note is signed by its maker in another
state and mailed to the payee in this state, after which it
is examined, approved and accepted and a loan in the
principal amount of the note is made to the maker, such
note is subject to tax. (1956 Op. Att'y. Gen. Fla. 056-339
(Dec. 7, 1956); (1958 Op. Att'y. Gen. Fla. 058-106 (March
25, 1958); (1962 Op. Att'y. Gen. Fla. 062-11 (Jan. 18,
1962))

Rule 12B-4.053(34), F.A.C., requires additional proof if
notes (executed, delivered and accepted out of state but later
brought into Florida) are to be considered exempt from the tax:

(34) Promissory Notes, Nonnegotiable Notes, and Written
Obligations to Pay Money Made, Executed, and Delivered in
Another State, and Not Secured by a Florida Mortgage:
Promissory notes, nonnegotiable notes, and written
obligations to pay money (hereinafter, called notes) made,
executed, and delivered to a Florida lender in another
state are not subject to Florida's documentary stamp tax.
If the notes then are brought into Florida for collection
after they have been made, executed, and delivered to the
Florida lender, or its agent, in another state, no tax is
due. However, if a note is made and executed in another
state and delivered to the lender in Florida, the note
would be subject to tax. The Department will presume that
if a note is made payable to a Florida lender and the note
is held by the Florida lender in Florida, then tax will be

due unless the lender can establish that the note was made,
executed, and delivered to the lender outside the state.
Proof sufficient to establish that a note is not subject to
tax includes:

(a) A sworn affidavit made before an out-of-state notary
public at the time of the signing of the note by the
borrower(s) and delivery of the note to the lender
attesting that the signing and delivery of the note
occurred in the presence of the out-of-state notary, or

(b) The note itself could bear a notarization and
acknowledgment as to where the note was executed, together
with an affidavit made before an out-of-state notary by the
lender attesting that the note was delivered to the lender,
or its agent out-of-state. Execution and delivery need not
occur in the same jurisdiction, provided that both
execution and delivery occurred outside of Florida, or

(c) Any other proof that the borrower made, executed, and
delivered the note in another state to a Florida lender.
Travel vouchers, airplane stubs, and hotel receipts
corresponding with the signing and delivery of the note
would be acceptable proof. (e.s.)

After the merger date of a bank into Main Bank, the new
unsecured loan documents themselves (if they are to be sent into
Florida) must evidence whether or not Florida's taxes apply to
the loans they represent. Any proof that a note is exempt from
the imposition of documentary stamp tax (as required by Rule
12B-4.053(34), F.A.C.) must either be contained within the four
corners of the loan document itself or supplemented by other
documents that also evidence exemption of the loan documents
from imposition of Florida taxes. This proof of exemption must
be prepared at the time the Borrower executes the document outof-state.

Upon renewal of these loans, including non-discretionary
advances, the promissory notes must be signed and delivered
entirely out-of-state, or Florida documentary stamp tax will
apply regardless of where the original loan was executed. The

evidence proving out-of-state execution must contain the same
type of information as required upon the execution of the
original note.

The annual intangible tax is imposed by s. 199.032, F.S.,
on intangible personal property that has taxable situs in
Florida. Section 199.175(1), F.S., states that intangible
personal property that is owned, managed or controlled by any
person domiciled in Florida has taxable situs in Florida.

DEPARTMENT'S POSITION

The Department issued Technical Assistance Advisement No.
95M-007R on December 14, 1995, stating requirements sufficient
to ensure that certain of Main Bank's documents will be presumed
to have been made, executed and delivered in another state.
Mergers into Main Bank subsequent to the merger date are still
subject to the requirements as stated in TAA 95M-007R.

Renewals and/or advances if evidenced by a note must
contain the proof required to exempt them from Florida's
documentary stamp tax. Otherwise they will be subject to the
tax just as any other document is subject to tax under s.
201.08, F.S.

It is incumbent upon the lender providing the loan forms to
provide sufficient proof either within the document (executed,
delivered and accepted outside Florida), or in additional
documentation executed at that same time, that they are not
subject to Florida documentary stamp tax and Florida intangible
tax.

ISSUE ONE

The items proposed in Issue One will not suffice as
documentary evidence that the loans are not subject to Florida
documentary stamp tax. After the merger into Main Bank, each
new loan document or supplemental document must contain proof
that it is not subject to Florida's documentary stamp tax and
intangible tax. Extraneous evidence such as accounting systems,
colors of files, and storage areas are not proof of out-of-state

execution and delivery, although it would be helpful to separate
the out-of-state loans from the Florida loans. These items are
not sufficient documentary proof of exemption from Florida's
taxes because they do not conform to the requirements
established by the Florida Administrative Code Rules.

ISSUE TWO

Exhibits B and C do not state that they were executed at
the time that the loan documents were executed, rather than
prepared after-the-fact. They are not witnessed by a notary
public to establish the date or out-of-state location where the
note was signed or accepted. Exhibit C used by itself without
express incorporation into the document containing Exhibit B
could, by the comma after the word "Borrower," be construed to
indicate that the promissory note and loan documents were signed
in any location, including Florida, and then delivered by the
Borrower to the Lender. The same applies to Exhibit B.

At present Exhibits B and C merely specify where the note
and documents were delivered to the Payee. However, if Exhibits
B and C were expressly incorporated within the promissory note
specifying the city and state in which the Borrower signed the
promissory note and were notarized at the time of execution in
that state outside Florida, then the unsecured promissory note
would be presumed to have been executed outside Florida. In
addition, if these documents also specified that the loan was
delivered and accepted outside Florida (in "X" city, state),
then these documents would be sufficient to establish that the
loan was executed, delivered, accepted outside Florida.

ISSUE THREE

Exhibit D contains an affidavit stating that an
accompanying list of promissory notes were executed and
delivered outside the State of Florida.

The affidavit states that attached to it:

... is a list of promissory notes which have been executed
and delivered outside of the State of Florida to [_

Division], located in (city and state).

... some, but not all, of the promissory notes referred to
in Schedule A together with related security documents are
being transmitted to the offices of [Florida
Division]...and will be held for safekeeping and servicing
purposes...on behalf of and for the benefit of [_
Division] located in (city, state).

Exhibit D is a list which is a separate document from the
other loan documents themselves. The list is merely additional
documentation. It is presumably produced after the promissory
notes and other loan documents have been executed.

If this affidavit is used only with notes and loan
documents which were executed and delivered outside Florida
prior to the date of merger into Main Bank, then, absent fraud,
it will be treated as sufficient evidence that the listed
documents were executed and delivered outside of Florida. This
affidavit should be completed before the notes and loan
documents are sent to Florida, and before any audit is
initiated.

After the date of merger into Main Bank, for loan documents
prepared thereafter, the affidavit and list are not sufficient
to prove that the loan documents were executed and delivered
outside of Florida.

ISSUE FOUR

Exhibit E, signed by the borrower and by an officer of the
Division Bank, is a separate certificate describing the loan and
stating that the promissory note and related loan documents
evidencing or securing the referenced loan were executed by the
Borrower. The Exhibit does not state where the Borrower
executed the documents. It states only that they were
delivered to the (Division Bank) in a state other than Florida.
The certificate is not notarized.

A change in the wording of Exhibit E relating to where the
borrower signed the promissory note is as follows:

....the above referenced loan have been executed by the
Borrower in (City, State) and delivered in (City, State) to
Main Bank

This change, combined with notarization by a notary public at
the time of signing of the note in a location outside Florida
(and incorporated within the promissory note itself), stating
that the execution, delivery and acceptance of the loan occurred
in the Non-Florida Division entirely outside Florida, would be
accepted as sufficient proof, for unsecured loans, that they
were in fact executed and delivered outside of Florida.

With the removal of certain stated deficiencies in Exhibits
B, C, and E, and the incorporation of the certifications into
the loan documents themselves, the loan documents would be
presumed to have been made, executed and delivered in another
state.

ISSUE FIVE

When the loan document is made payable at a Florida bank or
is held in a Florida bank, the burden of proof to establish that
a document is not subject to Florida taxes is upon the taxpayer.
The proof should be either within the four corners of the
document, or in additional documentary proof supplied at the
time of execution of the document. See Rule 12B-4.053(34),
F.A.C.

ISSUE SIX

The annual intangible tax is imposed by s. 199.032, F.S.,
on intangible personal property that has taxable situs in
Florida. Section 199.175(1), F.S., states that intangible
personal property that is owned, managed or controlled by any
person domiciled in Florida has taxable situs in Florida. To
the extent that these notes will not be owned, managed or
controlled by any person domiciled in Florida, but will merely
be stored in Florida for the described warehousing and
safekeeping, the notes will not have taxable situs under s.
199.175(1), F.S.

The activities, as described, would not, in and of
themselves, establish taxable situs under s. 199.175(1), F.S.
You are referred to Rule 12C-2.0062, F.A.C., for guidance with
respect to management or control of intangible personal
property.

This response constitutes a Technical Assistance Advisement
under s. 213.22, F.S., which is binding on the Department only
under the facts and circumstances described in the request for
this advice as specified in s. 213.22, F.S. Our response is
predicated on those facts and the specific situation summarized
above. You are advised that subsequent statutory or
administrative rule changes or judicial interpretations of the
statutes or rules upon which this advice is based may subject
similar future transactions to a treatment different from that
expressed in this response.

You are further advised that this response and your request
are public records under Chapter 119, F.S., which are subject to
disclosure to the public under the conditions of s. 213.22, F.S.
Your name, address, and any other details which might lead to
identification of the taxpayer must be deleted by the Department
before disclosure. In an effort to protect the confidentiality
of such information, we request you notify the undersigned in
writing within 15 days of any deletions you wish made to the
request or the response.

Sincerely,

M.E. Clemens, C.P.A.
Senior Tax Specialist
Tax Policy and Dispute Resolution
Office of General Counsel

MEC/mh