John Emmett Carland

United States District Court for the District of South Dakota district Retired 1911 · served 1896–1911 Appointed by Grover Cleveland (Democratic) 21 signed orders read

Judge Carland no longer hears cases. This profile is preserved as a historical record of how they ruled.

How Judge Carland decides

Patterns drawn from this judge's own signed orders. Every observation links to the order it came from.

What persuades

Carland treated factual disputes about gifts and their revocation as questions for a jury.

“The question whether there has been a gift in a particular case is for the consideration of the jury, and the evidence on the subject should therefore be submitted to it.”

He charged a creditor with knowledge that a prudent inquiry into warning signs would have disclosed.

“if facts and circumstances with respect to the debtor’s financial condition are brought home to him, such as would put an ordinarily prudent man on inquiry, a creditor is chargeable with knowledge of the fact which such inquiry would reasonably be expected to disclose.”

Procedural preferences

Carland left witness weight and credibility to the jury when evidence could support its verdict.

“It was the province of the jury to pass upon the weight and credibility of the evidence taken in the court below, and not of the trial judge.”

He treated interpretation of clear written operating rules as a legal question for the court.

“But we are of opinion that it was a question of law to be determined by the court.”

Cautions

Carland warned that judicial notice can cut against the party invoking it.

“judicial notice is a two-edged sword in this case.”

He would not infer causation from speculation layered upon another inference.

“We think a verdict based upon these inferences would be based upon mere speculation, and, therefore, not warranted by the evidence.”

Signed rulings

A grounded sample of orders signed by this judge, with the verbatim dispositive language.

John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. v. City of Huron
80 F. 652 · 1897-05-08
Civil claim (John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company) Denied

“It follows that the bonds and coupons involved in this action are shown by the evidence to have originated in illegality and fraud, and, there being no evidence that the plaintiff is a bona fide holder for value of the same, it can take nothing by this action. Judgment should be entered for the defendant.”

In re Lentz
97 F. 486 · 1899-11-13
Bankruptcy exemption claim (Lentz and Odegard) Denied

“It results from the foregoing that the firm of Lentz & Odegard, either as a firm or as individuals, have no claim for exemptions upon the partnership property in the hands of the trustee.”

In re Platts
110 F. 126 · 1901-08-20
Petition for review (bankruptcy trustee) Granted

“It results from these views that the order sought to be reviewed should be vacated and set aside; that the findings of fact and conclusions of law made by the referee should be vacated and set aside; that an order be entered to this effect, and also declaring the mortgage in question void, and no lien upon the assets in the hands of the trustee.”

Pabst Brewing Co. v. Greenberg
117 F. 135 · 1902-06-02
Appeal (Pabst Brewing Company) Granted

“the judgment below must be reversed, and a new trial granted, and it is so ordered.”

City of Duluth v. Abbott
117 F. 137 · 1902-06-02
Appeal (City of Duluth) Denied

“The decree will be affirmed.”

Duluth Furnace Co. v. Iron Belt Min. Co.
117 F. 138 · 1902-06-02
Appeal (Duluth Furnace Company) Denied

“Therefore the judgment of the court below will be affirmed.”

Castle v. Persons
117 F. 835 · 1902-09-15
Appeal (plaintiff in error) Granted

“The judgment of the court below should be reversed, and a new trial granted; and it is so ordered.”

Rickerd v. Chicago, St. P., M. & O. Ry. Co.
141 F. 905 · 1905-09-27
Appeal (plaintiff in error) Granted

“The judgment of the trial court must be reversed, and a new trial ordered.”

Denver & R. G. R. v. Arrighi
141 F. 67 · 1905-11-10
Appeal (Denver and Rio Grande Railroad) Denied

“The judgment of the trial court must be affirmed, and it is so ordered.”

Haggerty v. Chicago, M. & St. P. R.
141 F. 966 · 1905-11-11
Appeal (Haggerty) Denied

“The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.”

Ellis v. Krulewitch
141 F. 954 · 1905-11-16
Petition for review (Phillip Krulewitch) Denied

“There was no error of law in the action of the district judge challenged by this petition, and the petition is. accordingly dismissed.”

In re Novak
150 F. 602 · 1907-02-08
Petition for review (bankruptcy trustee) Granted

“The laws of South Dakota not having given a partnership exemption, the order of the referee complained of is erroneous, and must be vacated and set aside.”

Caseload & timing

From public federal docket records for this judge.

The twenty-one reviewed decisions cover varied litigation but do not establish the distribution of Carland’s full caseload.

A historical record

Judge Carland no longer hears cases. This profile stays available as a record of how they ruled. If you're preparing for a matter, start from the court's current bench.