Raymond T. Chen

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit circuit Appointed by Barack Obama (Democratic) 34 signed orders read

How Judge Chen decides

Patterns drawn from this judge's own signed orders. Every observation links to the order it came from.

What persuades

In obviousness he holds a lone prior-art reference to a demanding standard: where a single reference is the only evidence of obviousness, it must actually enable a skilled artisan to make the claimed invention. A reference whose performance parameters depend on materials that do not exist is legally non-enabling and cannot, by itself, render a claim obvious.

“If a skilled artisan cannot make Knip's engine, a skilled artisan necessarily cannot optimize its power density.”

He reads statutes as written and will not let a judge-made doctrine override a clear statutory grant: obviousness-type double patenting, an equitable doctrine, cannot cut off a patent-term extension that Congress validly authorized by statute.

“We agree and accordingly affirm.”

Procedural preferences

He holds parties to raising their arguments before the tribunal below. A claim-construction theory never presented to the examiner or the reviewing board is forfeited on appeal, because the iterative examination process puts the burden on the applicant to offer a saving construction in the first instance.

“Whereas forfeiture is the failure to make the timely assertion of a right, waiver is the “intentional relinquishment or abandonment of a known right.””

But he draws the forfeiture line with care. A party does not forfeit an argument for appellate review merely by declining to re-raise it in an optional request for rehearing before the agency, because that step is not required to preserve the point.

“We thus hold that a party's choice to not re-raise an argument in the party's request for rehearing to the Board does not, in and of itself, forfeit the argument for review by this court.”

Cautions

He requires more than possibility to support an inherency finding. A review board cannot hold a claim obvious by assuming a prior-art reference necessarily contains an unstated feature when the reference discloses other, more plausible ways of operating; a mere possibility that the feature is present is not substantial evidence.

“While it is possible that Woodhill's system utilizes an unstated Binary Object Identifier lookup table to locate binary objects of a previous version of a file that is going to be restored (column 17 of Woodhill), mere possibility is not enough.”

He guards against narrowing claims beyond what the specification supports. Absent clear disclaimer or disavowal, a court should not read a limitation into a claim term that would exclude embodiments the specification discloses -- doing so is reversible error.

“We normally do not interpret claim terms in a way that excludes embodiments disclosed in the specification—we only do so amidst clear disclaimer or disavowal.”

Signed rulings

A grounded sample of orders signed by this judge, with the verbatim dispositive language.

IOENGINE, LLC v. Ingenico Inc.
Nos. 2021-1227, 2021-1331, 2021-1332 · 2024-05-03
Appeal (appellant (IOENGINE, LLC, patent owner)) Granted in part

“For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the Board's determinations of unpatentability as to claims 4 and 7 of the '969 patent and claims 61-62 and 110-11 of the '703 patent.”

Voice Tech Corp. v. Unified Patents, LLC
No. 2022-2163 · 2024-08-01
Appeal (appellant (Voice Tech Corp., patent owner)) Denied

“For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the Board's determinations of unpatentability as to all claims.”

ParkerVision, Inc. v. Vidal
No. 2022-1548 · 2023-12-15
Appeal (appellant (ParkerVision, Inc., patent owner)) Denied

“The Board's decision is affirmed.”

Sisvel International S.A. v. Sierra Wireless, Inc.
Nos. 2022-1493, 2022-1547 · 2023-10-06
Appeal (appellant (Sisvel International S.A., patent owner) and cross-appellants (Sierra Wireless, Inc. and Telit Cinterion, petitioners)) Granted in part

“For the foregoing reasons, the Board's decision is affirmed-in-part, vacated-in-part, and remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.”

Raytheon Technologies Corp. v. General Electric Company
No. 2020-1755 · 2021-04-16
Appeal (appellant (Raytheon Technologies Corp., patent owner)) Granted

“For the reasons set forth above, we reverse the Board's decision finding claims 3 and 16 of the '751 patent unpatentable as obvious.”

PersonalWeb Technologies, LLC v. Apple, Inc.
No. 2018-1599 · 2019-03-08
Appeal (appellant (PersonalWeb Technologies, LLC, patent owner)) Granted

“We therefore reverse the Board's finding of obviousness over Woodhill in view of Stefik.”

In re Google Technology Holdings LLC
No. 2019-1828 · 2020-11-13
Appeal (appellant (Google Technology Holdings LLC, patent applicant)) Denied

“For the reasons stated, we affirm the Board's decision upholding the rejection of claims 1-9, 11, 14-17, 19, and 20 of the '765 application.”

SNIPR Technologies Limited v. Rockefeller University
No. 2022-1260 · 2023-07-14
Appeal (appellant (SNIPR Technologies Limited, patent owner)) Granted

“For the foregoing reasons, we reverse.”

DDR Holdings, LLC v. Priceline.com LLC
Nos. 2023-1176, 2023-1177 · 2024-12-09
Appeal (appellant (DDR Holdings, LLC, patent owner)) Denied

“For the reasons below, we affirm.”

International Business Machines Corp. v. Zillow Group, Inc.
Nos. 2024-1170, 2024-1274 · 2025-12-09
Appeal (appellant (International Business Machines Corp., patent owner); cross-appellants (Zillow Group, Inc., petitioners)) Denied

“We affirm both the appeal and cross-appeal.”

Ethanol Boosting Systems, LLC v. Ford Motor Company
Nos. 2024-1381, 2024-1382, 2024-1383 · 2025-12-23
Appeal (appellant (Ethanol Boosting Systems, LLC and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, patent owner and licensee)) Denied

“We affirm all three Board decisions.”

The Chamberlain Group, Inc. v. Techtronic Industries Co. Ltd.
Nos. 2018-2103, 2018-2228 · 2019-08-21
Appeal (appellants (Techtronic Industries and affiliates, adjudged infringers)) Granted in part

“For the reasons stated above, we reverse the district court's judgment as a matter of law with respect to the asserted claims of the '275 patent.”

Put Judge Chen's record to work

Ezel drafts and answers grounded in this exact profile: how Judge Chen actually rules, not a generic AI guess.

Opens in Ezel Pro. Every answer is grounded in Judge Chen's own signed orders and cites them.