Julius N. Richardson

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit circuit Appointed by Donald J. Trump (Republican) 31 signed orders read

How Judge Richardson decides

Patterns drawn from this judge's own signed orders. Every observation links to the order it came from.

What persuades

He decides recurring questions of statutory and constitutional reach through close textual analysis of the provision's words and structure rather than deference to a label or a purpose-based gloss, and he will follow the enacted text even where the equities pull the other way.

“We are not unsympathetic to concerns about the purity of the water that Virginians rely on every day. But we must follow the text of the statute that was democratically passed by Congress.”

In agency review he applies deferential substantial-evidence and clear-error standards but insists they remain genuine review: he declines to reweigh competing evidence while requiring the agency's finding to rest on more than generalized or speculative proof.

“Clear error review is not no review.”

Procedural preferences

He resolves cases on the narrowest sufficient, often threshold, ground -- a single dispositive burden, an appeal waiver, or a jurisdictional defect -- and will affirm on any ground the record supports without reaching alternative arguments.

“We are ... entitled to affirm on any ground appearing in the record, including theories not relied upon or rejected by the district court.”

He guards jurisdictional lines, distinguishing a federal court's subject-matter jurisdiction from a statute's jurisdictional elements or a state's substantive-law limits, and will raise and decide jurisdiction on his own before reaching the merits.

“even though states can define the substantive rights that are enforced in diversity jurisdiction, they cannot limit the subject matter jurisdiction of federal courts, even in diversity cases.”

Cautions

He enforces pleading and evidentiary burdens with precision: a Section 1983 complaint must tie each defendant to specific culpable conduct, and a party who offers only speculation about motive or cannot carry a threshold burden will lose at that stage.

“Lumping defendants together won't do.”

He requires the district court to build an adequate record: an unexplained ruling on a preliminary injunction, or a sentence that does not separately address a party's non-frivolous arguments, will be vacated for further explanation rather than affirmed on inference.

“Rule 52(a)(2) is meant to save us and litigants from having to play detective when it comes to orders granting or denying preliminary injunctions.”

Signed rulings

A grounded sample of orders signed by this judge, with the verbatim dispositive language.

Adolfo Acevedo Ibarra v. Pamela Bondi
No. 22-1560 · 2025-04-29
Petition for review (petitioner (noncitizen seeking cancellation of removal)) Denied

“Thus, Ibarra's petition must be DENIED.”

Jose Lopez-Benitez v. Merrick Garland
No. 22-1808 · 2024-01-30
Petition for review (petitioner (asylum applicant)) Denied

“Lopez's petition is thus DENIED.”

Jonathan Colorado Navarro v. Pamela Bondi
No. 24-1253 · 2025-07-31
Petition for review (petitioner (noncitizen seeking protection under the Convention Against Torture)) Denied

“Colorado's petition is DENIED.”

United States v. Apolonio Torres-Reyes
No. 18-4450 · 2020-03-02
Appeal (appellant (criminal defendant)) Granted

“We thus vacate the sentence and send this case back for resentencing.”

United States v. Victor Castro-Aleman
No. 24-4032 · 2025-06-26
Appeal (appellant (criminal defendant)) Denied

“Because we likewise find his argument unpersuasive, we affirm.”

Antonio Passaro, Jr. v. Commonwealth of Virginia
No. 18-1789 · 2019-08-16
Appeal (appellant (civil plaintiff; former state employee)) Granted in part

“AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED”

United States ex rel. Oberg; Michael Camoin v. Nelnet, Inc.
No. 23-1808 · 2024-06-18
Appeal (appellant (nonparty documentary filmmaker seeking access to sealed records)) Granted

“REVERSED AND REMANDED”

United States v. Derrick Daniels, Jr.
No. 19-4812 · 2022-07-25
Appeal (appellant (criminal defendant)) Denied

“So the district court's judgment is therefore AFFIRMED.”

United States v. Willie McCall
No. 18-4143 · 2019-08-12
Appeal (appellant (criminal defendant)) Granted

“For the reasons stated, we vacate McCall's sentence and remand for a new sentencing hearing by a different judge. VACATED AND REMANDED”

United States v. Ervin Leggette
No. 21-4175 · 2023-01-10
Appeal (appellant (criminal defendant)) Denied

“Here, no such pressures existed, so the district court's order is AFFIRMED.”

United States v. Donald Ferguson, II
No. 23-4347 · 2025-06-16
Appeal (appellant (criminal defendant)) Denied

“Finding no abuse of discretion in those determinations, the district court must be AFFIRMED.”

United States v. Emilio Moran
No. 21-4411 · 2023-06-21
Appeal (appellant (criminal defendant)) Moot / procedural

“We see it for what it really is: a sufficiency-of-the-evidence challenge which he renounced any right to bring. Accordingly, the appeal is DISMISSED.”

Put Judge Richardson's record to work

Ezel drafts and answers grounded in this exact profile: how Judge Richardson actually rules, not a generic AI guess.

Opens in Ezel Pro. Every answer is grounded in Judge Richardson's own signed orders and cites them.