James Dickson Phillips Jr.

U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit circuit Deceased · served 1978–2017 Appointed by Jimmy Carter (Democratic) 25 signed orders read

Judge Phillips no longer hears cases. This profile is preserved as a historical record of how they ruled.

How Judge Phillips decides

Patterns drawn from this judge's own signed orders. Every observation links to the order it came from.

What persuades

Recognizes that discrimination often must be proved circumstantially and permits prior discriminatory acts to show present motive.

“The inherent difficulty of proving discrimination forces civil rights plaintiffs to rely heavily on circumstantial evidence.”

Applies the ordinary meaning of enacted words unless rare and exceptional evidence clearly establishes a contrary legislative intent.

“The strong presumption that legislative purpose is aptly expressed by the ordinary meaning of the words used in the statute”

Procedural preferences

Treats personal-jurisdiction defenses as waivable under the consolidated-defense rules.

“a party’s waiver operates not only to cut off his right to raise the defense, but the court’s power to invoke it.”

Rejects summary judgment when testimony conflicts on a material fact central to deliberate indifference.

“The record discloses a flat conflict of testimony between Pressly and Sgt. Overby on the dispositive factual issue.”

Cautions

Does not permit a federal agency to impose mandatory midterm bargaining merely because voluntary bargaining remains possible.

“We hold only that they may not be required to do so.”

Distinguishes a government's defense of regulations from an action or proceeding eligible for statutory fee shifting.

“Defenses against suit are not "actions or proceedings”; the suits themselves are.”

Signed rulings

A grounded sample of orders signed by this judge, with the verbatim dispositive language.

Hall v. Chater
· 1995-05-09
Appeal (benefits-claimant-appellant) Denied

“AFFIRMED.”

In re Wilson
· 1998-06-26
Appeal (judgment-creditors-appellants) Denied

“AFFIRMED.”

Legal Representative for Future Claimants v. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co.
· 1995-12-27
Appeal (future-claimants-appellants) Moot / procedural

“Appeal dismissed and case remanded by published opinion.”

Labram v. Havel
· 1995-01-10
Appeal (civil-plaintiffs-appellants) Granted in part

“Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded by published opinion.”

United States v. Wallace
· 1994-04-25
Appeal (criminal-defendant-appellant) Denied

“AFFIRMED.”

United States v. Jefferson-Pilot Life Insurance Co.
· 1995-03-15
Appeal (insurance-company-appellant) Denied

“AFFIRMED.”

United McGill Corp. v. Stinnett
· 1998-08-27
Appeal (employer-plan-appellant) Granted

“Vacated and remanded by published opinion.”

Bryan v. Rectors and Visitors of the University of Virginia
· 1996-09-13
Appeal (estate-representative-appellant) Denied

“AFFIRMED”

Department of the Interior v. Federal Labor Relations Authority
· 1997-10-31
Petition for review (federal-agency-petitioner) Granted

“Petition for review granted and enforcement denied by published opinion.”

Doss v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs
· 1995-05-18
Petition for review (benefits-claimant-petitioner) Denied

“AFFIRMED.”

United States v. Hudgins
· 1997-08-05
Appeal (criminal-defendant-appellant) Denied

“Affirmed by published opinion.”

Winfield v. Bass
· 1995-10-25
Appeal (corrections-officers-appellants) Moot / procedural

“Dismissed by published opinion.”

A historical record

Judge Phillips no longer hears cases. This profile stays available as a record of how they ruled. If you're preparing for a matter, start from the court's current bench.