David J. Barron

U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit circuit Appointed by Barack Obama (Democratic) 31 signed orders read

How Judge Barron decides

Patterns drawn from this judge's own signed orders. Every observation links to the order it came from.

What persuades

Reads a constitutional or statutory guarantee in the broad terms its framers actually chose, even where a narrower reading might also serve the same historical purpose -- rejecting an executive branch argument that a guarantee's purpose can be used to shrink its plain, broad text.

“The Government is right that the Framers of the Citizenship Clause sought to remove the stain of Dred Scott v. Sandford ... which shamefully denied United States citizenship to 'descendants of Africans who were imported into this country, and sold as slaves,' even when the descendants were born here. ... But the Framers chose to accomplish that just purpose in broad terms, as both the Supreme Court in United States v. Wong Kim Ark ... and Congress in passing 1401(a) have recognized.”

Strong fidelity to the 'law of the circuit' doctrine: a precedent construing specific court-rule or statutory language controls later cases construing the same language, even where technology or circumstances have changed; the remedy for outdated policy concerns is amending the rule, not reinterpreting it.

“we are bound, under the law of the circuit doctrine, to construe the operative language of the Jury Plan that is at issue in this case in the same manner that we construed the exact same language in In re Globe.”

Procedural preferences

Independently polices Article III jurisdiction and standing before reaching the merits, even where neither party has raised the issue and both want a merits ruling.

“Every federal appellate court has a special obligation to satisfy itself not only of its own jurisdiction, but also that of the lower courts in a cause under review, even though the parties are prepared to concede it.”

Reads immigration jurisdiction-stripping and finality provisions narrowly against the petitioner: a challenge to how the agency weighed the evidence, however dressed up as a legal argument, does not open a door Congress closed to judicial review of discretionary relief.

“well settled First Circuit precedent is clear that such a challenge[] [to] a determination about the sufficiency of the evidence to meet [the applicant's] burden of proof is not a colorable legal or constitutional claim.”

Cautions

Takes a practical, functionalist view of search-and-seizure exceptions: an inventory search survives even when one stated rationale (protecting the driver) is absent, so long as another legitimate rationale (protecting against dangerous items, or false theft claims) still applies.

“Even if Rivera himself posed no danger to the trooper, the items in the vehicle might have. ... there was a risk that the vehicle would not be recovered promptly. Accordingly, there still remained the concern about 'false claims of theft.'”

Will not infer pretext, retaliatory intent, or a live constitutional claim from conclusory or equivocal statements; a party opposing summary judgment (or seeking injunctive relief) must point to concrete record evidence of its own future conduct or the defendant's motive, not surmise.

“The corrected statement in the errata sheet at most indicates that there is a possibility -- not a likelihood -- that McDonough will be able and ready to apply for the permit that he contends he is being unlawfully denied the opportunity to seek.”

Signed rulings

A grounded sample of orders signed by this judge, with the verbatim dispositive language.

American Freedom Defense Initiative v. Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
· 2015-03-30
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“we again conclude that this restriction does not violate the First Amendment, either on its face or as it was applied. We thus affirm the District Court”

United States v. Rojas
13-2525 · 2015-03-11
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“Rojas's appeal is therefore dismissed.”

McCue v. Bradstreet
14-1922 · 2015-07-16
Appeal (appellant) Granted in part

“We affirm the District Court's conclusion that Bradstreet is entitled to summary judgment with respect to three of the four regulatory actions about which McCue complains in his First Amendment suit. But we also hold that a reasonable trier of fact could conclude that Bradstreet's retaliation for McCue's USDA appeal was a substantial or motivating factor in the DOA's alleged decision in May 2006 ... we reverse the District Court's grant of summary judgment in part and remand for further proceedings.”

United States v. Diaz-Doncel
· 2016-01-27
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“The convictions are therefore affirmed.”

Carrasquillo-Ortiz v. American Airlines, Inc.
15-1424 · 2016-06-09
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“Reyes Sanchez requires that we affirm the District Court's grant of summary judgment to American.”

Roman v. Oliveras
· 2016-02-01
Appeal (appellant) Granted

“we vacate the Magistrate Judge's order and remand.”

McDonough v. City of Portland
16-1959 · 2017-05-01
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“The judgment of the District Court is affirmed.”

United States v. Hillaire
15-1692 · 2017-05-18
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“For the foregoing reasons, we affirm.”

United States v. Torres-Figueroa
16-1205 · 2017-06-23
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“The sentence is affirmed.”

Cruz v. Mattis
16-1378 · 2017-06-26
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“As Cruz has failed to offer any evidence establishing a genuine issue of material fact regarding pretext, the judgment of the District Court is affirmed.”

Amoah v. McKinney
16-2291 · 2017-11-13
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“the judgment of the District Court is affirmed.”

United Food and Commercial Workers Unions and Employers Midwest Health Benefits Fund v. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.
17-1714, 17-1776 · 2018-08-21
Appeal (appellant) Denied

“the judgments of the District Court in both actions are affirmed.”

Put Judge Barron's record to work

Ezel drafts and answers grounded in this exact profile: how Judge Barron actually rules, not a generic AI guess.

Opens in Ezel Pro. Every answer is grounded in Judge Barron's own signed orders and cites them.