S corporation termination from missed ESBT elections treated as inadvertent

Plain-English summary

An S corporation transferred shares to two trusts that met the substantive requirements for electing small business trusts, but their trustees failed to file timely ESBT elections. That omission terminated the corporation's S election when the trusts became shareholders. The IRS found the termination inadvertent and allowed the corporation to remain an S corporation. Relief requires both trusts to file ESBT elections, the trusts and beneficiaries to amend open-year returns consistently, and the corporation to make a specified payment, all within 120 days. Failure to make the payment makes the ruling void.

Ruling snapshot

• Question: May the corporation retain S status after two qualifying trusts inadvertently failed to file ESBT elections?
• Outcome: Approved, subject to elections, amended returns, and payment within 120 days
• Key authorities: IRC §§ 1361(e) and 1362(f); Treas. Reg. §§ 1.1361-1(m) and 1.1362-4(d)

Full text (IRS public release)

                                                    1

Internal Revenue Service Department of the Treasury
Washington, DC 20224

Number: 202521009 Third Party Communication: None
Release Date: 5/23/2025 Date of Communication: Not Applicable
Index Number: 1361.00-00, 1361.03-02,
1361.03-03, 1361.05-00, Person To Contact:
1362.00-00, 1362.04-00 ----------------------------, ID No. --------------
-----------------
---------------------- Telephone Number:
------------------------------ --------------------
-------------------------------------- Refer Reply To:
---------------------------- CC:PT&E:B01
PLR-115411-24
Date:
February 14, 2025

Legend
X = ----------------------
-----------------------

State = ------

Date 1 = -----------------------

Date 2 = ----------------------

Trust 1 = -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

Trust 2 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------

a = ---------------

Dear --------------------:

This ruling is in response to a letter dated August 27, 2024, submitted on behalf of X by
X’s authorized representatives, requesting relief under § 1362(f) of the Internal Revenue
Code (“Code”).

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                                      FACTS

The information submitted states that X organized as a limited liability company on Date
1 under the laws of State and filed an election under § 1362(a) to elect to be treated as
an S corporation effective Date 1. Shares of X were transferred to Trust 1 and Trust 2
on Date 2.

X represents that at all times beginning on Date 2, both Trust 1 and Trust 2 met the
requirements of Electing Small Business Trusts (“ESBT”) within the meaning of §
1361(e)(1)(A). However, the trustees of Trust 1 and Trust 2 inadvertently failed to file
timely elections under § 1361(e)(3) for Trust 1 and Trust 2 to be treated as ESBTs, thus
causing X’s S corporation election to terminate effective Date 2.

X represents that there was no tax avoidance or retroactive tax planning involved in the
failure of Trust 1 and Trust 2 to file ESBT elections and the resulting termination of X’s S
corporation election. X and its shareholders agree to make any adjustments required as
a condition of obtaining relief under the inadvertent termination rule as provided under §
1362(f) of the Code that may be required by the Secretary.

                              LAW AND ANALYSIS

Section 1361(a)(1) of the Code provides that the term “S corporation” means, with
respect to any taxable year, a small business corporation for which an election under §
1362(a) is in effect for such year.

Section 1361(b)(1) defines a “small business corporation” as a domestic corporation
which is not an ineligible corporation and which does not (A) have more than 100
shareholders, (B) have as a shareholder a person (other than an estate, a trust
described in § 1361(c)(2), or an organization described in § 1361(c)(6)) who is not an
individual, (C) have a nonresident alien as a shareholder, and (D) have more than 1
class of stock.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(i) provides that, for purposes of section 1361(b)(1)(B), a trust all
of which is treated (under subpart E of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1) as owned by
an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States may be an S corporation
shareholder.

Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that for purposes of § 1361(b)(1)(B), an ESBT is a
permissible S corporation shareholder. Section 1361(c)(2)(A)(v) provides that, for
purposes of § 1362(b)(1)(B), an ESBT may be an S corporation shareholder.

Section 1361(e)(1)(A) provides that an ESBT means any trust if (i) such trust does not
have as a beneficiary any person other than (I) an individual, (II) an estate, (III) an
organization described in § 170(c)(2), (3), (4), or (5), or (IV) an organization described in
§ 170(c)(1) which holds a contingent interest in such trust and is not a potential current

PLR-115411-24

beneficiary, (ii) no interest in such trust was acquired by purchase, and (iii) an election
under § 1361(e) applies to such trust.

Section 1361(e)(3) provides that an election under § 1361(e) shall be made by the
trustee. Any such election shall apply to the taxable year of the trust for which made and
all subsequent taxable years of such trust unless revoked with the consent of the
Secretary.

Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(i) provides, in part, that the trustee of an ESBT must make the
ESBT election by signing and filing, with the service center where the S corporation files
its income tax return, a statement that meets the requirements of § 1.1361-1(m)(2)(ii).

Section 1.1361-1(m)(2)(iii) provides that the ESBT election must be filed within the time
requirements prescribed in § 1.1361-1(j)(6)(iii) for filing a QSST election.

Section 1362(d)(2)(A) provides that an election under § 1362(a) shall be terminated
whenever (at any time on or after the 1st day of the 1st taxable year for which the
corporation is an S corporation) such corporation ceases to be a small business
corporation.

Section 1362(f) provides, in relevant part, that if (1) an election under § 1362(a) by any
corporation was not effective for the taxable year for which made (determined without
regard to § 1362(b)(2)) by reason of a failure to meet the requirements of § 1361(b); (2)
the Secretary determines that the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or
termination were inadvertent; (3) no later than a reasonable period of time after
discovery of the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, steps
were taken so that the corporation for which the termination occurred is a small
business corporation or a qualified subchapter S subsidiary, as the case may be; and
(4) the corporation for which the termination occurred, and each person who was a
shareholder in such corporation at any time during the period specified pursuant to §
1362(f), agrees to make the adjustments (consistent with the treatment of such
corporation as an S corporation or a qualified subchapter S subsidiary, as the case may
be) as may be required by the Secretary with respect to such period, then,
notwithstanding the circumstances resulting in such ineffectiveness or termination, such
corporation shall be treated as an S corporation or a qualified subchapter S subsidiary,
as the case may be, during the period specified by the Secretary.

Section 1.1362-4(d) provides that the Commissioner may require any adjustments that
are appropriate. In general, the adjustments required should be consistent with the
treatment of the corporation as an S corporation during the period specified by the
Commissioner.

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                                   CONCLUSION

Based solely on the facts submitted and the representations made, we conclude that X's
S election terminated on Date 2 because ESBT elections were not filed for Trust 1 and
Trust 2. We further conclude that the termination of X's S election on Date 2 was
inadvertent within the meaning of § 1362(f). Accordingly, X will be treated as an S
corporation effective Date 2, and thereafter, provided X's S corporation election was
otherwise valid and not otherwise terminated under § 1362(d).

This ruling in contingent upon the trustees of Trust 1 and Trust 2 filing appropriately
completed ESBT elections for Trust 1 and Trust 2 effective Date 2, and upon Trust 1
and Trust 2 and their beneficiaries filing timely amended federal income tax returns for
all open years consistent with the treatment of Trust 1 and Trust 2 as ESBTs effective
Date 2. The election must be made and the amended returns must be timely filed with
the appropriate service center within 120 days following the date of this letter, and a
copy of this letter should be attached to the returns.

Additionally, a payment of $a must be sent to the following address: Internal Revenue
Service, Kansas City Submission Processing Campus, 333 W. Pershing Road, Kansas
City, MO 64108, Stop 7777, Attn: Manual Deposit. X must send this payment no later
than 120 days from the date of this letter. If this condition is not met, then this ruling is
null and void. Furthermore, if this condition is not met, X must notify the Kansas City
Submission Processing Campus that its S corporation election has terminated.

Except as specifically ruled upon above, we express or imply no opinion concerning the
federal tax consequences of the facts of this case under any other provision of the
Code. Specifically, we express or imply no opinion regarding X’s eligibility to be an S
corporation or Trust 1 and Trust 2’s eligibility to be ESBTs.

This ruling is directed only to the taxpayer requesting it. Section 6110(k)(3) provides that
it may not be used or cited as precedent.

In accordance with the power of attorney on file with this office, a copy of this letter is
being sent to the taxpayer's authorized representatives.

                                    Sincerely,

                                    _______/s/___________

                                    Christiaan T. Cleary
                                    Senior Technician Reviewer, Branch 1
                                    Office of the Associate Chief Counsel
                                    (Passthroughs, Trusts, and Estates)

Enclosure
Copy for § 6110 purposes

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